冲断构造带深层变形的空间分布规律——以库车坳陷克拉苏构造带为例
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摘要
传统上认为前陆冲断带内部的背斜构造具有"成排成带分段"的特征,在表观认识和宏观尺度上讲,容易理解这一特征,并且通过"成排成带分段"的解剖,直接为含油气区带评价和地震解释方案的落实提供指导作用。随着前陆冲断带深层结构的精细解剖和三维空间内构造变形的准确刻画,发现前陆冲断带深层构造变形的分布并非成排成带分段的特征,褶皱构造的发育与分布明显受前陆冲断构造位移量及各个断层位移量的大小所控制,各个断层控制的逆冲岩席在垂向上相互叠置、侧向上交叉对接、走向上错落有致,3D立体空间内由多个次级弧形体组成鳞片状分布。本文以中国天然气勘探最为成功、勘探资料最为详实的库车坳陷克拉苏构造带为例,通过地震剖面精细构造解释,揭示出构造变形的运动学特征及其构造位移量在传播过程中的分异和转换,进而控制冲断带内部构造岩席的生长发育和空间展布特征,并在3D立体空间内揭示冲断岩席受构造位移量的控制而成鳞片状分布的规律,控制这一分布规律的主控因素是冲断构造位移量与冲断岩席长度之间定量的几何关系。这一认识提升了油气藏评价和构造圈闭描述的精度。
The anticline within the foreland thrust belt is generally considered to show a certain characteristic with structural zonation and segmentation.That is easy to understand at an apparent macro-level and can provide guidances to evaluation of the hydrocarbon-rich province and implementation of the seismic interpretation.However,according to fine description of deep structures and 3D structural model in the foreland thrust belt,the spatial distribution of deep structures in the foreland thrust belt does not simply show as zonated and segmented structures but significantly show the length and the spatial distribution of deformation are controlled by overall thrusts and each thrust displacements.The thrust sheets overlay each other in the vertical direction,scatter along the strike and distribute scale-like in 3D space.This study focuses on the Kelasu fold-thrust belt in Kuqa depression where we made great success of gas exploration and obtained detailed underground data.Structural interpretation of regional seismic profiles shows the growth and spatial distribution of thrust sheets in the fold-thrust belt are dominated by the lengthwise division and lateral transition of tectonic displacement.And 3D structural modeling indicates the thrust sheets have a behavior of scale-like distribution that in general was controlled by the quantitative geometric dependence between tectonic displacement and thrust sheet length.
The anticline within the foreland thrust belt is generally considered to show a certain characteristic with structural zonation and segmentation.That is easy to understand at an apparent macro-level and can provide guidances to evaluation of the hydrocarbon-rich province and implementation of the seismic interpretation.However,according to fine description of deep structures and 3D structural model in the foreland thrust belt,the spatial distribution of deep structures in the foreland thrust belt does not simply show as zonated and segmented structures but significantly show the length and the spatial distribution of deformation are controlled by overall thrusts and each thrust displacements.The thrust sheets overlay each other in the vertical direction,scatter along the strike and distribute scale-like in 3D space.This study focuses on the Kelasu fold-thrust belt in Kuqa depression where we made great success of gas exploration and obtained detailed underground data.Structural interpretation of regional seismic profiles shows the growth and spatial distribution of thrust sheets in the fold-thrust belt are dominated by the lengthwise division and lateral transition of tectonic displacement.And 3D structural modeling indicates the thrust sheets have a behavior of scale-like distribution that in general was controlled by the quantitative geometric dependence between tectonic displacement and thrust sheet length.
引文
边海光,李本亮,靳久强等.2011.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带中段三维变换构造特征.新疆石油地质,32(4):359-362.Bian Guanghai,Li Benliang,Jin Jiuqiang et al.2011.3D Structural characteristics in the middle of Kelasu structural belt in Kuqa Depression.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,32(4):359—362.
管树巍,陈竹新,李本亮等.2010.再论库车克拉苏深部构造的性质与解释模型.石油勘探与开发,37(5):531-536.Guan Shuwei,Chen Zhuxin.Li Benliang et al.2010.Discussions on the character and interpretation model of Kelasu deep structures in the Kuqa area.Petroleum Exploration and Development,37(5);531—536.
贾承造.2007.中国喜马拉雅构造运动的陆内变形特征与油气矿藏富集.地学前缘,14(4):96-104.Jia Chengzao.2007.The characteristics of intra-continental deformation and hydrocarbon distribution controlled by the Himalayan tectonic movements in China.Earth Science Frontiers,14(4);96—104.
贾承造,杨树锋,魏国齐等.2008.中国环青藏高原新生代巨型盆山体系构造特征与含油气前景.天然气工业,28(8):??1—11.Jia Chengzao,Yang Shufeng,Wei Guoqi et al.2008.Structure characteristics and petroleum-bearing prospects of Cenozoic Circum-Tibet Plateau Basin and Range System in China.Natural Gas Industry,28(8);1—11.
李本亮,贾承造,庞雄奇等.2007.环青藏高原盆山体系内前陆冲断构造变形的空间变化规律.地质学报,81(9):1200-1207.Li Benliang,Jia Chengzao,Pang Xiongqi et al.2007.The spatial distribution of the foreland thrust tectonic deformation in the Gircum-Tibetan Plateau Basin and Range System.Acta Geologica Sinica,81(9):1200—1207.
李本亮,雷永良,陈竹新等.2011.环青藏高原盆山体系东段新构造变形特征——以川西为例.岩石学报,27(3):636-644.Li Benliang,Lei Yongliang,Chen Zhuxin et al.2011.The neo-tectonic deformation features in the eastern segment of CircumTibetan Plateau Basin and Range System;Take the western Sichuan Basin as an example.Actc Petrologica Sinica,27(3):636—644.
卢华复,贾东,陈楚铭等.1999.库车新生代构造性质和变形时间.地学前缘,6(4):215-221.Lu Huafu,Jia Dong,Chen Churning et al.1999.Nature and timing of Kuqa Cenozoic structures.Earth Science Frontiers,6(4):215—221.
卢华复,贾承造.2003.库车—柯坪再生前陆冲断带构造.北京:科学出版社.1-171.Lu Huafu and Jia Chengzao.2003.Structures in Kuqa-Keping Rejuvenated Foreland Thrust Belt.Beijing:Science Press.1-171.
刘志宏,卢华复,李西建等.2000.库车再生前陆盆地的构造演化.地质科学,35(4):482-492.Liu Zhihong,Lu Huafu,Li Xijian et al.2000.Tectonic evolution of Kuqa rejuvenated foreland basin.Chinese Journal of Geology(Scientia Geologica Sinica),35(4):482—492.
漆家福,雷刚林,李明刚等.2009.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带的结构模型及其形成机制.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):49-56.Qi Jiafu,Lei Ganglin,Li Minggang et al.2009.Analysis of structure model and formation mechanism of Kelasu structure zone,Kuqa Depression.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,33(1):49—56.
汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军等.2003.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带盐相关构造样式.中国科学(D辑),33(1):38-46.Tang Liangjie,Jia Chengzao,Pi Xuejun et al.2004.Salt-related structural styles of Kuqa foreland fold belt,northern Tarim Basin.Science in China{Series D),47(10):886—895.
汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造等.2004.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带前缘大型盐推覆构造.地质学报,78(1):17-25.Tang Liangjie,Jin 2hijun,Jia Chengzao et al.2004.A large-scale salt nappe complex in the leading edge of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt,Tarim Basin,northwest China.Acta Geologica Sinica,78(1):17—25.
汤良杰,李京昌,余一欣等.2006.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带盐构造差异变形和分段性特征探讨.地质学报,80(3):313-320.Tang Liangjie,Li Jingchang,Yu Yixin et al.2006.Differential salt tectonic deformation and segmentation of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust beltjTarim Basin,northwest China.Acta Geologica Sinica,80(3):313—320.
Boyer S E and Elliott D.1982.Thrust systems.AAPG Bulletin,66(9):1196—1230.
Dewey J F and Burke K C A.1973.Tibetan,varisean,and precambrian basement reactivation;Products of continental collision.The Journal of Geology,81(6):683—692.
Elliott D.1976.The energy balance and deformation mechanisms of thrust sheets.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A,283(1312):289—312.
Lu H F,Howell D,Jia D et al.1994.Rejuvenation of the Kuqa foreland basin,northern flank of the Tarim Basin,northwest China.International Geology Review,36(12):1151—1158.
Shaw J H,Bilotti F and Brennan P A.1999.Patterns of imbricate thrusting.GSA Bulletin,111(8):1140—1154.
Suppe J.1983.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding.American Journal of Science,283:684—721.
Suppe J and Medwedeff D A.1990.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding.Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,83(3):409—454.
管树巍,陈竹新,李本亮等.2010.再论库车克拉苏深部构造的性质与解释模型.石油勘探与开发,37(5):531-536.Guan Shuwei,Chen Zhuxin.Li Benliang et al.2010.Discussions on the character and interpretation model of Kelasu deep structures in the Kuqa area.Petroleum Exploration and Development,37(5);531—536.
贾承造.2007.中国喜马拉雅构造运动的陆内变形特征与油气矿藏富集.地学前缘,14(4):96-104.Jia Chengzao.2007.The characteristics of intra-continental deformation and hydrocarbon distribution controlled by the Himalayan tectonic movements in China.Earth Science Frontiers,14(4);96—104.
贾承造,杨树锋,魏国齐等.2008.中国环青藏高原新生代巨型盆山体系构造特征与含油气前景.天然气工业,28(8):??1—11.Jia Chengzao,Yang Shufeng,Wei Guoqi et al.2008.Structure characteristics and petroleum-bearing prospects of Cenozoic Circum-Tibet Plateau Basin and Range System in China.Natural Gas Industry,28(8);1—11.
李本亮,贾承造,庞雄奇等.2007.环青藏高原盆山体系内前陆冲断构造变形的空间变化规律.地质学报,81(9):1200-1207.Li Benliang,Jia Chengzao,Pang Xiongqi et al.2007.The spatial distribution of the foreland thrust tectonic deformation in the Gircum-Tibetan Plateau Basin and Range System.Acta Geologica Sinica,81(9):1200—1207.
李本亮,雷永良,陈竹新等.2011.环青藏高原盆山体系东段新构造变形特征——以川西为例.岩石学报,27(3):636-644.Li Benliang,Lei Yongliang,Chen Zhuxin et al.2011.The neo-tectonic deformation features in the eastern segment of CircumTibetan Plateau Basin and Range System;Take the western Sichuan Basin as an example.Actc Petrologica Sinica,27(3):636—644.
卢华复,贾东,陈楚铭等.1999.库车新生代构造性质和变形时间.地学前缘,6(4):215-221.Lu Huafu,Jia Dong,Chen Churning et al.1999.Nature and timing of Kuqa Cenozoic structures.Earth Science Frontiers,6(4):215—221.
卢华复,贾承造.2003.库车—柯坪再生前陆冲断带构造.北京:科学出版社.1-171.Lu Huafu and Jia Chengzao.2003.Structures in Kuqa-Keping Rejuvenated Foreland Thrust Belt.Beijing:Science Press.1-171.
刘志宏,卢华复,李西建等.2000.库车再生前陆盆地的构造演化.地质科学,35(4):482-492.Liu Zhihong,Lu Huafu,Li Xijian et al.2000.Tectonic evolution of Kuqa rejuvenated foreland basin.Chinese Journal of Geology(Scientia Geologica Sinica),35(4):482—492.
漆家福,雷刚林,李明刚等.2009.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带的结构模型及其形成机制.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):49-56.Qi Jiafu,Lei Ganglin,Li Minggang et al.2009.Analysis of structure model and formation mechanism of Kelasu structure zone,Kuqa Depression.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,33(1):49—56.
汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军等.2003.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带盐相关构造样式.中国科学(D辑),33(1):38-46.Tang Liangjie,Jia Chengzao,Pi Xuejun et al.2004.Salt-related structural styles of Kuqa foreland fold belt,northern Tarim Basin.Science in China{Series D),47(10):886—895.
汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造等.2004.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带前缘大型盐推覆构造.地质学报,78(1):17-25.Tang Liangjie,Jin 2hijun,Jia Chengzao et al.2004.A large-scale salt nappe complex in the leading edge of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt,Tarim Basin,northwest China.Acta Geologica Sinica,78(1):17—25.
汤良杰,李京昌,余一欣等.2006.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带盐构造差异变形和分段性特征探讨.地质学报,80(3):313-320.Tang Liangjie,Li Jingchang,Yu Yixin et al.2006.Differential salt tectonic deformation and segmentation of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust beltjTarim Basin,northwest China.Acta Geologica Sinica,80(3):313—320.
Boyer S E and Elliott D.1982.Thrust systems.AAPG Bulletin,66(9):1196—1230.
Dewey J F and Burke K C A.1973.Tibetan,varisean,and precambrian basement reactivation;Products of continental collision.The Journal of Geology,81(6):683—692.
Elliott D.1976.The energy balance and deformation mechanisms of thrust sheets.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A,283(1312):289—312.
Lu H F,Howell D,Jia D et al.1994.Rejuvenation of the Kuqa foreland basin,northern flank of the Tarim Basin,northwest China.International Geology Review,36(12):1151—1158.
Shaw J H,Bilotti F and Brennan P A.1999.Patterns of imbricate thrusting.GSA Bulletin,111(8):1140—1154.
Suppe J.1983.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding.American Journal of Science,283:684—721.
Suppe J and Medwedeff D A.1990.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding.Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,83(3):409—454.
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