鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世深湖区同沉积变形构造特征及成因
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摘要
通过对鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组野外露头、岩心剖面的细致研究,发现深湖区发育有类型多样的同沉积变形构造。露头剖面中见有同沉积砂岩墙、砂泥岩脊、砂岩脉、微断层和褶皱变形构造等,岩心中也观察到砂岩揉皱构造,砂泥质角砾,微断层和砂岩脉等变形构造,在对其特征描述和层系结构分析的基础上,结合三角洲前缘砂体向深湖区滑塌形成富含火焰状构造的鲍马层系,指出同沉积构造成因与古地震作用关系密切。时间上同沉积变形构造与火山灰沉积物几乎同期发育,相伴而生,且略早于广泛发育的长7浊积岩;古地震、邻区火山作用或深部热作用导致盆地基底沉降、山体隆升,有利于滑塌浊积岩的形成。空间上同沉积变形构造主要分布于盆地南部和西南部,并且从南西至北东方向有强度减弱的趋势。综合对比同期周邻造山带的演化历史及深湖区同沉积变形构造的分布特征后认为,同沉积变形构造是对盆地南部秦岭碰撞造山和盆地内深部热作用的耦合响应,指示了深湖盆发育期对应于盆地构造相对活动的动力学背景,对同期优质烃源岩的发育有重要贡献。
Various synsedimentary deformation structures are found in deep lake zone through detail study on outcrop and core sections of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin.Syndepositional sandstone dikes,ridges,veins,minor faults and folds are found in outcrops section;Sandstone rumpled structures,sand muddy breccia structures,minor faults and sandstone veins are found in cores,based on the detail descriptive characteristics and analysis these structures of sequence,we propose a paleoseismic trigger to explain the various synsedimentary deformation structures,and the paleoearthquakes induced sand body at delta front along slope slump,a lot of flame structures and Bouma sequence are found.Detailed study of its distribution characteristics of that seismites and volcanic ash sediments in temporal is almost the same period in development;Slump turbidite formed after seismites and volcanic ash sediments,indicating that earthquakes,volcano eruption or deep thermal effect led to the basin basement subsidence,increasing in terrain elevation and later seismic prompted the formation of turbidites.Synsedimentary deformation structures are mainly locating in south and southwest of Ordos Basin,and the intensity decreased from southwest to northeast.Comprehensive comparison the same period adjacent orogenic belt evolution and the distribution characteristics of synsedimentary deformation structures in deep lake,suggest synsedimentary deformation structures coupled response of the Qinling collision orogenic process and deep heat effect,indicating a deep lacustrine corresponds to the basin with a relative activity dynamics setting,which played an important role in development of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks.
Various synsedimentary deformation structures are found in deep lake zone through detail study on outcrop and core sections of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin.Syndepositional sandstone dikes,ridges,veins,minor faults and folds are found in outcrops section;Sandstone rumpled structures,sand muddy breccia structures,minor faults and sandstone veins are found in cores,based on the detail descriptive characteristics and analysis these structures of sequence,we propose a paleoseismic trigger to explain the various synsedimentary deformation structures,and the paleoearthquakes induced sand body at delta front along slope slump,a lot of flame structures and Bouma sequence are found.Detailed study of its distribution characteristics of that seismites and volcanic ash sediments in temporal is almost the same period in development;Slump turbidite formed after seismites and volcanic ash sediments,indicating that earthquakes,volcano eruption or deep thermal effect led to the basin basement subsidence,increasing in terrain elevation and later seismic prompted the formation of turbidites.Synsedimentary deformation structures are mainly locating in south and southwest of Ordos Basin,and the intensity decreased from southwest to northeast.Comprehensive comparison the same period adjacent orogenic belt evolution and the distribution characteristics of synsedimentary deformation structures in deep lake,suggest synsedimentary deformation structures coupled response of the Qinling collision orogenic process and deep heat effect,indicating a deep lacustrine corresponds to the basin with a relative activity dynamics setting,which played an important role in development of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks.
引文
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付锁堂,邓秀芹,庞锦莲.2010.晚三叠世鄂尔多斯盆地湖盆沉积中心厚层砂体特征及形成机制分析.沉积学报,28(6):1081-1089.Fu Suotang,Deng Xiuqin and Pang Jinlian.2010.Characteristics and mechanism of thick sandbody of Yanchang Formation at the centre of Ordos Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Swuca,28(6):1081—1089.
李明,高建荣.2010.鄂尔多斯盆地基底断裂与火山岩的分布.中国科学:地球科学,40(8):1005-1013.Li Ming and Gao Jianrong.2010.Basement faults and volcanic rock distributions in the Ordos Basin.Science China Earth Sciences,53(11):1625—1633.
李元吴,刘池洋,王秀娟等.2007.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组砂岩墙(脉)特征及其地质意义.中国地质,34(3):400-406.Li Yuanhao,Liu Chiyang,Wang Xiujuan et al.2007.Characteristics and geological significance of sandstone dikes in the Triassic Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin.Geology in China,34(3):400—406.
刘池洋,赵红格,王锋等.2005.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘(部)中生代构造属性.地质学报,79(6):738-747.Liu Chiyang,Zhao Hongge,Wang Feng et al.2005.Attributes of the Mesozoic structure on the west margin of the Ordos Basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(6):738—747.
刘池洋,赵红格,桂小军等.2006.鄂尔多斯盆地演化—改造的时空坐标及其成藏(矿)响应.地质学报,80(5):617-638.Liu Chiyang,Zhao Hongge.Gui Xiaojun et al.2006.Space-time coordinate of the evolution and reformation and mineralization response in Ordos Basin.Acta Geologica Smica,80(5):617—638.
刘少峰,李思田,庄新国等.1996.鄂尔多斯西南缘前陆盆地沉降和沉积过程模拟.地质学报,70(1):12-22.Liu Shaofeng,Li Sitian,Zhuang Xinguo et al.1996.Simulation of the subsidence and deposition of the foreland basin on the southwestern margin of Ordos.Acta Geologica Sinica,70(1):12—22.
梅冥相.2012.震动变形构造所表征的震积岩:以河北宣化中元古界高于庄组第三段为例.地学前缘,19(2):239-247.Mei Mingxiang.2012.Seismite represented by shock deformational structure:A case study of the third member of Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Xuanhua Coutry of Hebei Province.Earth Science Frontiers,19(2);239—247.
邱欣卫,刘池洋,李元昊等.2009.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组凝灰岩夹层展布特征及其地质意义.沉积学报,27(6):1138-1146.Qiu Xinwei,Liu Chiyang,Li Yuanhao et al.2009.Distribution characteristics and geological significances of tuff interlayers in Yanchang Formation of Ordos Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,27(6):1138—1146.
邱欣卫.2011.鄂尔多斯盆地延长期富烃凹陷特征及其形成的动力学环境(博士学位论文).西安:西北大学.1-231.??Qiu Xinwei.2011.Characteristics and Dynamic Settings of Yanchang Period Hydrocarbon-Rich Depression in Ordos Basin,China(PhD Thesis).Xi'an;Northwest University.1—231.
王建强.2010.鄂尔多斯盆地南部中新生代演化—改造及盆山耦合关系(博士学位论文).西安:西北大学.1-164.Wang Jianqiang.2010.Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin Evolution-Reforming and Basin-Mountain Coupling Relationship in Southern Ordos Basin(PhD Thesis).Xi'an:Northwest University.1—164.
夏青松,田景春.2007.鄂尔多斯盆地南部上三叠统延长组震积岩的发现及地质意义.沉积学报,25(2):246-252.Xia Qingsong and Tian Jingchun.2007.Characteristics and geological significance of seismites of the Yanchang Formation,Upper Triassic,Ordos Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,25(2):246—252.
杨华,窦伟坦,刘显阳等.2010.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7沉积相分析.沉积学报,28(2):254-263.Yang Hua,Dou Weitan,Liu Xianyang et al.2010.Analysis on sedimentary facies of member 7 in Yangchang Formation of Triassic in Ordos Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,28(2):254—263.
张国伟,张本仁,袁学诚等.2001.秦岭造山带与大陆动力学.北京:科学出版社.1-855.Zhang Guowei,Zhang Benren,Yuan Xuecheng et al.2001.Qinling Orogenic Belt and Continental Dynamics.Beijing:Science Press.1—855.
赵文智,胡素云,汪泽成等.2003.鄂尔多斯盆地基底断裂在上三叠统延长组石油聚集中的控制作用.石油勘探与开发,30(5):1-5.Zhao Wenzhi,Hu Suyun,Wang Zecheng et al.2003.Key role of basement fault control on oil accumulation of Yanchang Formation,Upper Triassic,Ordos Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,30(5);1—5.
Carroll A R,Graham S A and Smith M E.2010.Walled sedimentary basins of China.Basin Research,22(1):17—32.
Obermeier S F,Pond E C,Olson S M et al.2002.Paleoliquefaction studies in continental settings.GSA Special Papers,359:13—27.
Ritts B D,Weislogel A,Graham S A et al.2009-Mesozoic tectonics and sedimentation of the giant polyphase nonmarine in trap late Ordos Basin,western North China Block.International Geology Review,51(2):95—115.
Rodriguez-Pascua M A,Calvo J P,De Vicente G et al.2000.Soft-sediment deformation structures interpreted as seismites in lacustrine sediments of the Prebetic zone,SE Spain,and their potential use as indicators of earthquake magnitudes during the Late Miocene.Sedimentary Geology,135(1—4):117—135.
Stewart K G,Dennison J M and Bartholomew M J.2002.Late Mississippian paleoseismites from southeastern West Virginia and southwestern Virginia.GSA Special Papers,359;127—144.
Yang Y T,Li W and Ma L.2005.Tectonic and stratigraphic controls of hydrocarbon systems in the Ordos Basin;A multicycle cratonic basin in central China.AAPG Bulletin,89(2):255—269.
Zou C N,Wang L,Li Y et al.2012.Deep-lacustrine transformation of sandy debrites into turbidites,Upper Triassic,central China.Sedimentary Geology,265—266:143—155.
陈全红,李文厚,郭艳琴等.2006.鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组浊积岩体系及油气勘探意义.地质学报,80(5):656-663.Chen Quanhong,Li Wenhou,Guo Yanqin et al.2006.Turbidite systems and the significance of petroleum exploration of Yanchang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,80(5):656—663.
付锁堂,邓秀芹,庞锦莲.2010.晚三叠世鄂尔多斯盆地湖盆沉积中心厚层砂体特征及形成机制分析.沉积学报,28(6):1081-1089.Fu Suotang,Deng Xiuqin and Pang Jinlian.2010.Characteristics and mechanism of thick sandbody of Yanchang Formation at the centre of Ordos Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Swuca,28(6):1081—1089.
李明,高建荣.2010.鄂尔多斯盆地基底断裂与火山岩的分布.中国科学:地球科学,40(8):1005-1013.Li Ming and Gao Jianrong.2010.Basement faults and volcanic rock distributions in the Ordos Basin.Science China Earth Sciences,53(11):1625—1633.
李元吴,刘池洋,王秀娟等.2007.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组砂岩墙(脉)特征及其地质意义.中国地质,34(3):400-406.Li Yuanhao,Liu Chiyang,Wang Xiujuan et al.2007.Characteristics and geological significance of sandstone dikes in the Triassic Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin.Geology in China,34(3):400—406.
刘池洋,赵红格,王锋等.2005.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘(部)中生代构造属性.地质学报,79(6):738-747.Liu Chiyang,Zhao Hongge,Wang Feng et al.2005.Attributes of the Mesozoic structure on the west margin of the Ordos Basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(6):738—747.
刘池洋,赵红格,桂小军等.2006.鄂尔多斯盆地演化—改造的时空坐标及其成藏(矿)响应.地质学报,80(5):617-638.Liu Chiyang,Zhao Hongge.Gui Xiaojun et al.2006.Space-time coordinate of the evolution and reformation and mineralization response in Ordos Basin.Acta Geologica Smica,80(5):617—638.
刘少峰,李思田,庄新国等.1996.鄂尔多斯西南缘前陆盆地沉降和沉积过程模拟.地质学报,70(1):12-22.Liu Shaofeng,Li Sitian,Zhuang Xinguo et al.1996.Simulation of the subsidence and deposition of the foreland basin on the southwestern margin of Ordos.Acta Geologica Sinica,70(1):12—22.
梅冥相.2012.震动变形构造所表征的震积岩:以河北宣化中元古界高于庄组第三段为例.地学前缘,19(2):239-247.Mei Mingxiang.2012.Seismite represented by shock deformational structure:A case study of the third member of Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Xuanhua Coutry of Hebei Province.Earth Science Frontiers,19(2);239—247.
邱欣卫,刘池洋,李元昊等.2009.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组凝灰岩夹层展布特征及其地质意义.沉积学报,27(6):1138-1146.Qiu Xinwei,Liu Chiyang,Li Yuanhao et al.2009.Distribution characteristics and geological significances of tuff interlayers in Yanchang Formation of Ordos Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,27(6):1138—1146.
邱欣卫.2011.鄂尔多斯盆地延长期富烃凹陷特征及其形成的动力学环境(博士学位论文).西安:西北大学.1-231.??Qiu Xinwei.2011.Characteristics and Dynamic Settings of Yanchang Period Hydrocarbon-Rich Depression in Ordos Basin,China(PhD Thesis).Xi'an;Northwest University.1—231.
王建强.2010.鄂尔多斯盆地南部中新生代演化—改造及盆山耦合关系(博士学位论文).西安:西北大学.1-164.Wang Jianqiang.2010.Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin Evolution-Reforming and Basin-Mountain Coupling Relationship in Southern Ordos Basin(PhD Thesis).Xi'an:Northwest University.1—164.
夏青松,田景春.2007.鄂尔多斯盆地南部上三叠统延长组震积岩的发现及地质意义.沉积学报,25(2):246-252.Xia Qingsong and Tian Jingchun.2007.Characteristics and geological significance of seismites of the Yanchang Formation,Upper Triassic,Ordos Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,25(2):246—252.
杨华,窦伟坦,刘显阳等.2010.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7沉积相分析.沉积学报,28(2):254-263.Yang Hua,Dou Weitan,Liu Xianyang et al.2010.Analysis on sedimentary facies of member 7 in Yangchang Formation of Triassic in Ordos Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,28(2):254—263.
张国伟,张本仁,袁学诚等.2001.秦岭造山带与大陆动力学.北京:科学出版社.1-855.Zhang Guowei,Zhang Benren,Yuan Xuecheng et al.2001.Qinling Orogenic Belt and Continental Dynamics.Beijing:Science Press.1—855.
赵文智,胡素云,汪泽成等.2003.鄂尔多斯盆地基底断裂在上三叠统延长组石油聚集中的控制作用.石油勘探与开发,30(5):1-5.Zhao Wenzhi,Hu Suyun,Wang Zecheng et al.2003.Key role of basement fault control on oil accumulation of Yanchang Formation,Upper Triassic,Ordos Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,30(5);1—5.
Carroll A R,Graham S A and Smith M E.2010.Walled sedimentary basins of China.Basin Research,22(1):17—32.
Obermeier S F,Pond E C,Olson S M et al.2002.Paleoliquefaction studies in continental settings.GSA Special Papers,359:13—27.
Ritts B D,Weislogel A,Graham S A et al.2009-Mesozoic tectonics and sedimentation of the giant polyphase nonmarine in trap late Ordos Basin,western North China Block.International Geology Review,51(2):95—115.
Rodriguez-Pascua M A,Calvo J P,De Vicente G et al.2000.Soft-sediment deformation structures interpreted as seismites in lacustrine sediments of the Prebetic zone,SE Spain,and their potential use as indicators of earthquake magnitudes during the Late Miocene.Sedimentary Geology,135(1—4):117—135.
Stewart K G,Dennison J M and Bartholomew M J.2002.Late Mississippian paleoseismites from southeastern West Virginia and southwestern Virginia.GSA Special Papers,359;127—144.
Yang Y T,Li W and Ma L.2005.Tectonic and stratigraphic controls of hydrocarbon systems in the Ordos Basin;A multicycle cratonic basin in central China.AAPG Bulletin,89(2):255—269.
Zou C N,Wang L,Li Y et al.2012.Deep-lacustrine transformation of sandy debrites into turbidites,Upper Triassic,central China.Sedimentary Geology,265—266:143—155.
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