金沙江河谷——水系演化的崩滑外动力作用研究
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摘要
在进一步研究金沙江河谷——水系发育的构造——气候机理基础上,认识到:山区深切河谷中普遍存在着大型堰塞现象:在青藏高原东南边缘地区,由于新构造运动强烈和地震频发及大暴雨等,在山高谷深的金沙江河谷中导致大型滑坡、崩塌或其他形式的外动力作用等,阻塞河谷水流,形成河谷堰塞湖,在堰塞体上游河谷形成静水沉积;在一定时间与条件下,堰塞坝溃决,在其下河谷中形成更大更急水流,加速河谷下切速率与深度,导致更大地形高差;新一轮新构造运动强烈和地震及大暴雨等,导致新一轮大型滑坡、崩塌等,形成新一轮河谷堰塞湖……如此多次重复,逐步加快与促进金沙江河谷——水系向现代形态演化,从而构成了金沙江河谷——水系演化的一种外力动力作用。这一认识对进一步研究山区深切河谷——水系形成与演化、工程建设选址评估和进行灾害防治等有普遍的参考价值与意义。
Based on the further analysis of the valley and drainage development structure of Jinsha River and the climatic mechanism,the results showed that there was the phenomenon of large-scale damming in the deeply incised valleys of mountain areas generally.And the valley of Jinsha River,with the high mountains,have formed the valley dammed lakes and deposition in standing water under the large-scale coast,landslip and other external dynamic process,which was caused by intense neotectonic movement,frequent earthquakes and heavy storm in the area of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Under given conditions and certain time,it formed the greater and more rapid flow and accelerated the valley incision rate and depth,and increased the terrain elevation continuously during the weir dam collapsed.A new round of landslide and collapsed occurred by the new neotectonic movement,earthquakes and heavy storm,and it formatted a serial valley dammed lakes.And repeated these several times,it will promote and accelerate the valley and drainage evolution of Jinsha River for the modern river morphology which formed an external dynamic process of the valley and drainage evolution.The results have an important reference value for the further study on the formation and evolution of the valley and drainage,the site assessment of engineering construction and disaster prevention.
Based on the further analysis of the valley and drainage development structure of Jinsha River and the climatic mechanism,the results showed that there was the phenomenon of large-scale damming in the deeply incised valleys of mountain areas generally.And the valley of Jinsha River,with the high mountains,have formed the valley dammed lakes and deposition in standing water under the large-scale coast,landslip and other external dynamic process,which was caused by intense neotectonic movement,frequent earthquakes and heavy storm in the area of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Under given conditions and certain time,it formed the greater and more rapid flow and accelerated the valley incision rate and depth,and increased the terrain elevation continuously during the weir dam collapsed.A new round of landslide and collapsed occurred by the new neotectonic movement,earthquakes and heavy storm,and it formatted a serial valley dammed lakes.And repeated these several times,it will promote and accelerate the valley and drainage evolution of Jinsha River for the modern river morphology which formed an external dynamic process of the valley and drainage evolution.The results have an important reference value for the further study on the formation and evolution of the valley and drainage,the site assessment of engineering construction and disaster prevention.
引文
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[25]王启国,马贵生,杨启贵.金沙江虎跳峡上游大型古堰塞湖对河段水电开发的影响[J].水利学报2010,41(11):1310-1324.
[26]赵希涛,曲永新,张永双,等.滇西北丽江地区石鼓古湖的发现及其在现代金沙江河谷发育中的意义[J].地质通报,2007,26(8):960-969.
[27]赵希涛,郑绵平,李道明.云南迪庆小中甸古湖的形成演化及其与石鼓古湖和金沙江河谷发育的关系[J].地质学报,2007,81(12):1645-1651.
[28]张明,胡瑞林.金沙江下咱日堆积体的成因和稳定性初步分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):445-449.
[29]胥勤勉,杨达源,葛兆帅,等.金沙江金坪子堆积体成因的初步研究[J].山地学报,2006,24(4):403-409.
[30]崔杰,王兰生,徐进,等.金沙江中游滑坡堵江事件及古滑坡体稳定性分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(1):6-10.
[31]徐则民,刘文连,黄润秋.金沙江寨子村巨型古滑坡的工程地质特征及其发生机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(Supp.2):3539-3550.
[32]徐则民.金沙江寨子村滑坡坝堰塞湖沉积及其对昔格达组地层成因的启示[J].地质论评,2011,57(5):675-686.
[33]徐娜娜,邢爱国.滑坡堰塞湖溃坝波影响因素分析[J].人民黄河,2012,34(1):83-85.
[34]余国安,王兆印,黄河清,等.崩滑堰塞坝(湖)的地貌环境效应[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(9):934-940.
[2]CREDENR W.Observation on geology and morphology of Yunnan,Geol.Sur.Kwangtung and Kwangsi[J].spec,publ,1932:1-11.
[3]丁江文.漫游散记(十八)[J].独立评论,1933,48.
[4]BARBOUR G B.The physiographic history of the Yantze[J].地质专报,甲种,1935,14:1-23.
[5]米士.云南构造史[J].中国地质学会志,1945,25.
[6]李承三.长江发育史[J].人民长江,1956:1856-1860.
[7]任美锷.云南西北部金沙江河谷地貌与河流袭夺问题[J].地理学报,1959,25(2):135-155.
[8]袁复礼.长江河流发育史的补充研究[J].人民长江,1957,2:1-9.
[9]沈玉昌,杨逸畴.滇西金沙江袭夺问题的新探讨[J].地理学报,1963,29(2):87-108.
[10]许仲路,李行健.滇西北丽江鸿文村剑川甸南纵谷成因与金沙江袭夺问题之探讨[J].地理学报,1982,27(3):325-333.
[11]黄少敏,曾昭璇.云南高原上河道的变迁—金沙江袭夺问题[J].华南师范大学学报:自然科学版,1985,1:127-130.
[12]张叶春,李吉均,朱俊杰.晚新生代金沙江形成与过程研究[J].云南地理环境研究,1998,10(2):43-48.
[13]曾普胜.滇西北地区岩浆活动与长江第一湾形成的关系[J].地理学报,2002,57(3):310-316.
[14]明庆忠.丽江玉龙雪山新构造运动研究[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,1996,10(3-4):98-105.
[15]蒋复初,吴锡浩.中国大陆阶梯地貌的基本特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1993,13(3):15-24.
[16]吴锡浩.青藏高原东南部地貌边界与金沙江水系发育[J].山地研究,1989,7(2):75-83.
[17]MING QINGZHONG.The Forming Factor Analysia for the First Bench of Yangtze River,2006.IGARSS.1587-1590.
[18]明庆忠,史正涛,董铭.长江第一湾成因及形成时代探讨[J].地理科学研究进展,2007,26(3):119-125.
[19]明庆忠,史正涛.三江并流区干热河谷成因探讨分析[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(1):99-104.
[20]明庆忠.长江第一湾成因之争及其新解[J].科学,2007,59(5):35-38.
[21]明庆忠,史正涛,苏怀,等.金沙江虎跳峡成因及形成时代探讨[J].热带地理,2007,27(5):400-404.
[22]明庆忠.青藏高原与三江并流区新构造期划分及环境演化[J].云南地质,2007(4):387-396.
[23]KONG P,ZHENG Y,CAFFEE M W.Provenance and time constraints on the formation of the first bend of the Yangtze River[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,201213,Q06017,doi:10.1029/2012GC004140.
[24]明庆忠,潘保田,苏怀,等.山区河谷——水系演化及环境效应研究——以金沙江为例[J].云南师范大学学报,2013,33(2):1-10.
[25]王启国,马贵生,杨启贵.金沙江虎跳峡上游大型古堰塞湖对河段水电开发的影响[J].水利学报2010,41(11):1310-1324.
[26]赵希涛,曲永新,张永双,等.滇西北丽江地区石鼓古湖的发现及其在现代金沙江河谷发育中的意义[J].地质通报,2007,26(8):960-969.
[27]赵希涛,郑绵平,李道明.云南迪庆小中甸古湖的形成演化及其与石鼓古湖和金沙江河谷发育的关系[J].地质学报,2007,81(12):1645-1651.
[28]张明,胡瑞林.金沙江下咱日堆积体的成因和稳定性初步分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):445-449.
[29]胥勤勉,杨达源,葛兆帅,等.金沙江金坪子堆积体成因的初步研究[J].山地学报,2006,24(4):403-409.
[30]崔杰,王兰生,徐进,等.金沙江中游滑坡堵江事件及古滑坡体稳定性分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(1):6-10.
[31]徐则民,刘文连,黄润秋.金沙江寨子村巨型古滑坡的工程地质特征及其发生机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(Supp.2):3539-3550.
[32]徐则民.金沙江寨子村滑坡坝堰塞湖沉积及其对昔格达组地层成因的启示[J].地质论评,2011,57(5):675-686.
[33]徐娜娜,邢爱国.滑坡堰塞湖溃坝波影响因素分析[J].人民黄河,2012,34(1):83-85.
[34]余国安,王兆印,黄河清,等.崩滑堰塞坝(湖)的地貌环境效应[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(9):934-940.
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