台湾峡谷中段沉积特征及流体机制探讨
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摘要
海底峡谷、高弯度水道等深水沉积单元中的流体活动方式是人们关注的热点。本次研究利用高分辨地震资料,结合地形地貌特征对台湾峡谷中段的沉积特征及流体活动方式进行初步探讨。台湾峡谷中段发育内堤岸(inner levee),它成层性好、地层产状倾斜,地震反射特征与峡谷西岸和下覆滑塌体明显不同,内部结构表现为逐级上超的特征,以侧向加积为主。曲流河和深水高弯度水道的点坝均发育于河(水)道拐弯处,由于离心力作用,沉积物在凸岸堆积形成点坝。该内堤岸位于峡谷中段直线型地段,不具备形成点坝的地形地貌条件,综合分析认为该内堤岸是由垂直于峡谷轴向、自西向东的底流与沿峡谷向下的重力流交互作用形成的。
Fluid activity in the deep-water sedimentary unit of the high sinuous submarine channels,submarine canyons are the focus nowadays.This study uses high-resolution seismic data,combined with the geomorphologic features to discuss the sedimentary characteristics and fluid mechanism in the middle segment of the Taiwan Canyon.There is an inner levee located in the middle Taiwan Canyon.The internal structure of this inner levee is characterized by obviously onlap and lateral accretion.In meandering rivers and high sinuous submarine channels,due to the change of geomorphologic or the decrease of slope,the sediment started to unload.When it went through the bend,with the action of centrifugal force,massive sediment accumulated at the convex bank.Non-similar with the rivers and high sinuous submarine channels,the inner levee is located in the straight segment of the middle canyon,where has no geomorphologic condition to form the point bars.The inner levee can be interpreted as the product of interaction between down-and along-slope processes.
Fluid activity in the deep-water sedimentary unit of the high sinuous submarine channels,submarine canyons are the focus nowadays.This study uses high-resolution seismic data,combined with the geomorphologic features to discuss the sedimentary characteristics and fluid mechanism in the middle segment of the Taiwan Canyon.There is an inner levee located in the middle Taiwan Canyon.The internal structure of this inner levee is characterized by obviously onlap and lateral accretion.In meandering rivers and high sinuous submarine channels,due to the change of geomorphologic or the decrease of slope,the sediment started to unload.When it went through the bend,with the action of centrifugal force,massive sediment accumulated at the convex bank.Non-similar with the rivers and high sinuous submarine channels,the inner levee is located in the straight segment of the middle canyon,where has no geomorphologic condition to form the point bars.The inner levee can be interpreted as the product of interaction between down-and along-slope processes.
引文
何幼斌,辛长静,罗进雄,高振中.2007.深海大型沉积物波的特征与成因.矿物岩石地球化学通报,26(增1):382~383.
李华,何幼斌,王振奇.深水高弯度水道—堤岸沉积体系形态及特征.2011.古地理学报,13(2):139~149.
马世忠,杨清彦.2000.曲流点坝沉积模式、三维构型及其非均质模型.沉积学报,18(2):241~247.
邵磊,李献华,韦刚健,刘颖,房殿勇.2001.南海陆坡高速堆积体的物质来源.中国科学(D辑),31(10):828~833.
邵磊,李学杰,耿建华,庞雄,雷永昌,乔培军,王嘹亮,王宏斌.2007.南海北部深水底流沉积作用.中国科学(D辑),37(6):771~777.
吴嘉鹏,王英民,王海荣,李华,彭学超,邱燕,李冬.2012.深水重力流与底流交互作用研究进展.地质论评,58(6):1110~1120.
徐尚,王英民,彭学超,邱燕,李卫国.2012.台湾峡谷HD133柱状样中重力流、底流交互沉积的证据.地质学报,86(11):1792~1798.
徐尚,王英民,彭学超,卓海腾,邱燕,周伟.2013.台湾峡谷HD133和HD77柱状样的沉积构成和发育背景.沉积学报,31(2):325~330.
Gong Chenglin,Wang Yingmin,Zhu Weilin,Li Weiguo,Xu Qiang.2013.Upper Miocene to Quaternary unidirectionally migrating deepwater channels in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,northern South China Sea.AAPG Bulletin,97(2):285~308.
HeYunlong,Xie Xinong,Kneller B C,Wang Zhenfeng,Li Xushen.2012.Architecture and controlling factors of canyon fills on the shelf margin in the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.03.002
Hickson T,Lowe D.2002.Facies architecture of a submarine fan channel levee complex:The Juniper Ridge Conglomerate,Coalinga,California.Sedimentology,49:335~362.
Hubbard S,Ruig M,Graham S.2009.Confined channel-levee complex development in an elongate depo-center:Deep-water Tertiary strata of the Austrian Molasse basin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,26:85~112.
Kollar V,Bourges P,Urruty J,Safa P.2001.Evolution of deep-water Tertiary sinuous channels offshore Angola(west Africa)and implications for reservoir architecture.AAPG Bulletin,85(8):1373~1405.
Liu J T,Wang Y H,Lee I H,Hsu R T.2010.Quantifying tidal signatures of the benthic nepheloid layer in Gaoping Submarine Canyon in Southern Taiwan.Marine Geology,271:119~130.
Lüdmann T,Wong H K,Berglar K.2005.Upward flow of North Pacific Deep Water in the northern South China Sea as deduced from the occurrence of drift sediments.Geophysical Research Letters 32,L05614.doi:10.1029/2004GL021967.
Michelsa K H,Suckowb A,Breitzkec M,Kudrassd H R,Kottkec B.2003.Sediment transport in the shelf canyon“Swatch of No Ground”(Bay of Bengal).Deep-Sea Research II,50:1003~1022.
Mulder T,Zaragosi S,Garlan T,Mavel J,Cremer M,Sottolichio A,Sénéchal N,Schmidt S.2012.Present deep-submarine canyons activity in the Bay of Biscay(NE Atlantic).Marine Geology,295~298:113~127.
Oliveira A,Santos A I,Rodrigues A,Vitorino J.2007.Sedimentary particle distribution and dynamics on the Nazarécanyon system and adjacent shelf(Portugal).Marine Geology,246:105~122.
Palanques A,Madron X D,Puig P,Fabres J,Guillén J,Calafat A,Canals M,Heussner S,Bonnin J.2006.Suspended sediment f luxes and transport processes in the Gulf of Lions submarine canyons.The role of storms and dense water cascading.Marine Geology,234:43~61.
Peakall J,Mccaffrey B,Kneller B.2000.A process model for the evolution,morphology,and architecture of sinuous,submarine channels.Journal of Sedimentary Research,70(3):434~448.
Posamentier H.2003.Depositional elements associated with a basin floor channel-levee system:Case study from the Gulf of Mexico.Marine and Petroleum Geology,20:677~690.
Puig P,Ogston A S,Mullenbach B L,Nittrouer C A,Sternberg R W.2003.Shelf-to-canyon sediment-transport processes on the Eel continental margin(northern California).Marine Geology,193:129~149.
Pyles D R,Tomasso M,Jennette D C.2012.Flow processes and sedimentation associated with erosion and filling of sinuous submarine channels.Geology,40(2):143~146.
Qu T,Girton J B,Whitehead J A.2006.Deepwater overflow through Luzon Strait.Journal of Geophysical Research 111,C01002.doi:10.1029/2005JC003139.
Saller A,Dharmasamadhi I N W.2012.Controls on the development of valleys,canyons,and unconfined channele-levee complexes on the Pleistocene Slope of East Kalimantan,Indonesia.Marine and Petroleum Geology 29,15~34.
Shanmugam G,Shrivastava S K,Bhagaban D.2009.Sandy debrites and tidalites of Pliocene reservoir sands in upper-slope canyon environments,offshore Krishna-Godavari basin(India):implications.Journal of Sedimentary Research 79,736~756.
Shanmugam G.2003.Deep-marine tidal bottom currents and their reworked sands in modern and ancient submarine canyons.Marine and Petroleum Geology,20(5):471~491.
Shepard F P,Marshall N F,McLoughlin P A.1979.Currents in submarine canyons and other sea valleys.Tulsa:AAPG Studies in Geology,8:173.
Smith D P,Kvitek R,Iampietro P J,Wong K.2007.Twenty-nine months of geomorphic change in upper Monterey Canyon(2002~2005).Marine Geology,236:79~94.
Wynn R B,Cronin B T,Peakall J.2007.Sinuous deep-water channels:Genesis,geometry and architecture:Marine and Petroleum Geology,24:341~387
Xu J P,Noble M,Eittreim S L,Rosenfeld L K,Schwing F B,Pilskaln C H.2002.Distribution and transport of suspended particulate matter in Monterey Canyon,California.Marine Geology,181:215~234.
Zhu Mangzheng,Graham S,Pang Xiong,McHargue T.2010.Characteristics of migrating submarine canyons from the middle Miocene to present:Implications for paleoceanographic circulation,northern South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology,27:307~319.
李华,何幼斌,王振奇.深水高弯度水道—堤岸沉积体系形态及特征.2011.古地理学报,13(2):139~149.
马世忠,杨清彦.2000.曲流点坝沉积模式、三维构型及其非均质模型.沉积学报,18(2):241~247.
邵磊,李献华,韦刚健,刘颖,房殿勇.2001.南海陆坡高速堆积体的物质来源.中国科学(D辑),31(10):828~833.
邵磊,李学杰,耿建华,庞雄,雷永昌,乔培军,王嘹亮,王宏斌.2007.南海北部深水底流沉积作用.中国科学(D辑),37(6):771~777.
吴嘉鹏,王英民,王海荣,李华,彭学超,邱燕,李冬.2012.深水重力流与底流交互作用研究进展.地质论评,58(6):1110~1120.
徐尚,王英民,彭学超,邱燕,李卫国.2012.台湾峡谷HD133柱状样中重力流、底流交互沉积的证据.地质学报,86(11):1792~1798.
徐尚,王英民,彭学超,卓海腾,邱燕,周伟.2013.台湾峡谷HD133和HD77柱状样的沉积构成和发育背景.沉积学报,31(2):325~330.
Gong Chenglin,Wang Yingmin,Zhu Weilin,Li Weiguo,Xu Qiang.2013.Upper Miocene to Quaternary unidirectionally migrating deepwater channels in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,northern South China Sea.AAPG Bulletin,97(2):285~308.
HeYunlong,Xie Xinong,Kneller B C,Wang Zhenfeng,Li Xushen.2012.Architecture and controlling factors of canyon fills on the shelf margin in the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.03.002
Hickson T,Lowe D.2002.Facies architecture of a submarine fan channel levee complex:The Juniper Ridge Conglomerate,Coalinga,California.Sedimentology,49:335~362.
Hubbard S,Ruig M,Graham S.2009.Confined channel-levee complex development in an elongate depo-center:Deep-water Tertiary strata of the Austrian Molasse basin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,26:85~112.
Kollar V,Bourges P,Urruty J,Safa P.2001.Evolution of deep-water Tertiary sinuous channels offshore Angola(west Africa)and implications for reservoir architecture.AAPG Bulletin,85(8):1373~1405.
Liu J T,Wang Y H,Lee I H,Hsu R T.2010.Quantifying tidal signatures of the benthic nepheloid layer in Gaoping Submarine Canyon in Southern Taiwan.Marine Geology,271:119~130.
Lüdmann T,Wong H K,Berglar K.2005.Upward flow of North Pacific Deep Water in the northern South China Sea as deduced from the occurrence of drift sediments.Geophysical Research Letters 32,L05614.doi:10.1029/2004GL021967.
Michelsa K H,Suckowb A,Breitzkec M,Kudrassd H R,Kottkec B.2003.Sediment transport in the shelf canyon“Swatch of No Ground”(Bay of Bengal).Deep-Sea Research II,50:1003~1022.
Mulder T,Zaragosi S,Garlan T,Mavel J,Cremer M,Sottolichio A,Sénéchal N,Schmidt S.2012.Present deep-submarine canyons activity in the Bay of Biscay(NE Atlantic).Marine Geology,295~298:113~127.
Oliveira A,Santos A I,Rodrigues A,Vitorino J.2007.Sedimentary particle distribution and dynamics on the Nazarécanyon system and adjacent shelf(Portugal).Marine Geology,246:105~122.
Palanques A,Madron X D,Puig P,Fabres J,Guillén J,Calafat A,Canals M,Heussner S,Bonnin J.2006.Suspended sediment f luxes and transport processes in the Gulf of Lions submarine canyons.The role of storms and dense water cascading.Marine Geology,234:43~61.
Peakall J,Mccaffrey B,Kneller B.2000.A process model for the evolution,morphology,and architecture of sinuous,submarine channels.Journal of Sedimentary Research,70(3):434~448.
Posamentier H.2003.Depositional elements associated with a basin floor channel-levee system:Case study from the Gulf of Mexico.Marine and Petroleum Geology,20:677~690.
Puig P,Ogston A S,Mullenbach B L,Nittrouer C A,Sternberg R W.2003.Shelf-to-canyon sediment-transport processes on the Eel continental margin(northern California).Marine Geology,193:129~149.
Pyles D R,Tomasso M,Jennette D C.2012.Flow processes and sedimentation associated with erosion and filling of sinuous submarine channels.Geology,40(2):143~146.
Qu T,Girton J B,Whitehead J A.2006.Deepwater overflow through Luzon Strait.Journal of Geophysical Research 111,C01002.doi:10.1029/2005JC003139.
Saller A,Dharmasamadhi I N W.2012.Controls on the development of valleys,canyons,and unconfined channele-levee complexes on the Pleistocene Slope of East Kalimantan,Indonesia.Marine and Petroleum Geology 29,15~34.
Shanmugam G,Shrivastava S K,Bhagaban D.2009.Sandy debrites and tidalites of Pliocene reservoir sands in upper-slope canyon environments,offshore Krishna-Godavari basin(India):implications.Journal of Sedimentary Research 79,736~756.
Shanmugam G.2003.Deep-marine tidal bottom currents and their reworked sands in modern and ancient submarine canyons.Marine and Petroleum Geology,20(5):471~491.
Shepard F P,Marshall N F,McLoughlin P A.1979.Currents in submarine canyons and other sea valleys.Tulsa:AAPG Studies in Geology,8:173.
Smith D P,Kvitek R,Iampietro P J,Wong K.2007.Twenty-nine months of geomorphic change in upper Monterey Canyon(2002~2005).Marine Geology,236:79~94.
Wynn R B,Cronin B T,Peakall J.2007.Sinuous deep-water channels:Genesis,geometry and architecture:Marine and Petroleum Geology,24:341~387
Xu J P,Noble M,Eittreim S L,Rosenfeld L K,Schwing F B,Pilskaln C H.2002.Distribution and transport of suspended particulate matter in Monterey Canyon,California.Marine Geology,181:215~234.
Zhu Mangzheng,Graham S,Pang Xiong,McHargue T.2010.Characteristics of migrating submarine canyons from the middle Miocene to present:Implications for paleoceanographic circulation,northern South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology,27:307~319.
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