GIS和MATLAB在泥石流防治工程流量计算中的应用研究—以北川县苏保河为例
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摘要
根据1976年松潘地震的经验,可预见未来较长时间内,"5-12"地震灾区泥石流防治的工程量十分巨大。针对目前泥石流防治工程流量计算中获取流域特征参数工作量大、低效等问题,本文在确定出研究区最佳分辨率为10m的DEM基础上,用MATLAB数学软件实现了目前较新的"三方向算法"洼地填充处理,消除了传统算法中河流"平行线"现象,较好保留原始地形信息,成功构建出水文地貌关系正确DEM(Hc-DEM)。提取出水网和相关流域等数据,经有机结合处理,并结合研究区泥石流特征,在苏保河泥石流沟上游设计一工程防治点,利用GIS技术成功实现了泥石流流域面积F、主沟长度L和主沟床平均纵比降J等参数的自动、快速、准确提取。在MATLAB平台下设计出暴雨洪峰流量和泥石流洪峰流量计算的自动算法,结合研究区实际情况,最终实现泥石流流量的计算。研究表明,在泥石流防治工程流量计算中,多功能软件及优化算法的集成,可以快速有效的实现泥石流相关参数的自动获取和流量的智能计算,满足了日益增加的泥石流防治需求。
It is know that preventing the hazard of debris flow in the "5-12" earthquake-stricken area is formidable based on the experience of Song-Pan earthquake which had happened in 1976.It is obviously complicated to gain watershed parameters for flow calculation of debris flow in control engineering and the working efficiency is difficult to certify,and also it seriously affects the designation of control engineering.In this paper,the parameters were computed automatically and intelligently based on the algorithms developed in MATLAB and GIS technology.As a result,the designation of prevention engineering for disaster can be carried out in a more efficient way.In order to establish a highest accuracy DEM called Hc-DEM which can mostly reflect the true basin characteristics,the best resolution of Hc-DEM has been tested to identify 10 meters in the study area based on the comprehensive quantitative analysis of topographic indices,and the newer filling-sink algorithm in three directions is implemented to eliminate the paralleled rivers which the traditional method can not do.Based on organically integrated data of watershed,after the points in debris flow control works are defined,it can quickly and accurately determine the engineering point of convergence of the scope of watershed,and the main gully bed line and its profile can be obtained,then the average longitudinal slope of main channel bed be calculated by its improved integral method,at last the required follow-up hydrological calculation parameters can be calculated in debris flow control design.Research showed that the multi-function software and the integration algorithms can achieve fast and effective automatic acquisition of relevant parameters for debris flow for the increasing demand in prevention works of debris flow.
It is know that preventing the hazard of debris flow in the "5-12" earthquake-stricken area is formidable based on the experience of Song-Pan earthquake which had happened in 1976.It is obviously complicated to gain watershed parameters for flow calculation of debris flow in control engineering and the working efficiency is difficult to certify,and also it seriously affects the designation of control engineering.In this paper,the parameters were computed automatically and intelligently based on the algorithms developed in MATLAB and GIS technology.As a result,the designation of prevention engineering for disaster can be carried out in a more efficient way.In order to establish a highest accuracy DEM called Hc-DEM which can mostly reflect the true basin characteristics,the best resolution of Hc-DEM has been tested to identify 10 meters in the study area based on the comprehensive quantitative analysis of topographic indices,and the newer filling-sink algorithm in three directions is implemented to eliminate the paralleled rivers which the traditional method can not do.Based on organically integrated data of watershed,after the points in debris flow control works are defined,it can quickly and accurately determine the engineering point of convergence of the scope of watershed,and the main gully bed line and its profile can be obtained,then the average longitudinal slope of main channel bed be calculated by its improved integral method,at last the required follow-up hydrological calculation parameters can be calculated in debris flow control design.Research showed that the multi-function software and the integration algorithms can achieve fast and effective automatic acquisition of relevant parameters for debris flow for the increasing demand in prevention works of debris flow.
引文
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[2]8.7甘肃舟曲特大泥石流[EB/OL].http://baike.baidu.com/view/4098677.htm.
[3]沈跃明,陈天良,等.四川省中小流域暴雨洪水计算手册[M].成都:四川省水利水电勘测设计院,1984.
[4]陈春光,姚令侃,王沁.三维离散单元法在泥石流堆积研究中的应用[J].自然灾害学报,2003,12(4),55-61.
[5]Karras G E,Petsa E.DEM matching and detection of deformation in close-range photogrammetry without control[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.1993,59(9):1419-1424.
[6]Pilgrim L J.Robust estimation applied to surface mathing[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,1996,51:243-257.
[7]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6),751-758.
[8]许辉熙.空间信息技术在水电开发工程预可研中的决策支持—以黄河玛尔挡水电站为例[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008.
[9]李辉,陈晓玲,张利华,等..基于三方向搜索的DEM中洼地处理方法[J].水科学进展,2009,20(4),473-479.
[10]杨邦.集水面积阈值确定及其水文响应研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.
[11]韩玲,李燕婷,陈丹华.基于RS和GIS技术的武都地区泥石流数据研究[J].测绘科学,2010,35(1),72-74.
[12]王维早,雷霆,许强.基于层次分析法的河北省太行山区泥石流灾害危险性评估研究[J].地球与环境,2010,38(3),357-362.
[13]王维早,王滨,许强.基于灰色关联度理论的河北省太行山区下瓦岔泥石流灾害危险性评估研究[J].地球与环境,2012,40(1),121-125.
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