基于结构自适应中值滤波器的随机噪声衰减方法
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摘要
本文提出一种保护断层、裂缝等地层边缘特征的结构自适应中值滤波器,用于衰减地震资料中的随机噪声.基于地震反射同相轴局部呈线型结构的假设,采用梯度结构张量估计地层倾向,分析地层结构的规则程度,在此基础上引入地震剖面中线型和横向不连续性两种结构特征的置信度量.结构自适应中值滤波器根据这两种置信度量调整滤波器窗函数的尺度和形状,根据地层倾角调整滤波器窗函数的方向,从而使得滤波操作窗能够最佳匹配信号的局部结构特征.将本文方法用于合成和实际数据的处理,并与两种常用中值滤波方法进行对比,结果表明,该方法能够更好地解决地震剖面的随机噪声衰减和有效信号保真的问题,在增强反射同相轴的横向一致性的同时有效保持了剖面内的地层边缘和细节特征,显著改善了地震资料的品质.
This paper presents a structure-adaptive median filter for reducing random seismic noise which preserves seismic edges and details such as faults and fractures.By considering seismic horizons as line-like structures,this filtering framework relies on the computation of the Gradient Structure Tensors,which provides dips of seismic events and the regularity of local seismic structures,based on which two confidence measures are defined for different seismic structures.The structure-adaptive median filter adjusts the shape of the filter kernel according to the two confidence measures and aligns the filtering kernel along local dips to make the filtering kernel optimally matched with different local geological features.The proposed filter has been applied to both the synthetic and real data,and compared with two widely used median filtering schemes.The processing and comparison results show that the proposed structure-adaptive median filter is more suitable to balance suppressing random seismic noise and preserving signals which preserves seismic edges and details while enhancing the coherence of seismic horizons,and improves the quality of seismic images significantly.
This paper presents a structure-adaptive median filter for reducing random seismic noise which preserves seismic edges and details such as faults and fractures.By considering seismic horizons as line-like structures,this filtering framework relies on the computation of the Gradient Structure Tensors,which provides dips of seismic events and the regularity of local seismic structures,based on which two confidence measures are defined for different seismic structures.The structure-adaptive median filter adjusts the shape of the filter kernel according to the two confidence measures and aligns the filtering kernel along local dips to make the filtering kernel optimally matched with different local geological features.The proposed filter has been applied to both the synthetic and real data,and compared with two widely used median filtering schemes.The processing and comparison results show that the proposed structure-adaptive median filter is more suitable to balance suppressing random seismic noise and preserving signals which preserves seismic edges and details while enhancing the coherence of seismic horizons,and improves the quality of seismic images significantly.
引文
[1]李月,杨宝俊,赵雪平等.检测地震勘探微弱同相轴的混沌振子算法.地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1428-1433.Li Y,Yang B J,Zhao X P,et al.An algorithm of chaoticvibrator to detect weak events in seismic prospecting records.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6):1428-1433.
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[5]陆文凯.基于离散余弦变换的地震随机噪声压制技术.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(2):202-206.Lu W K.Seismic random noise suppression based on thediscrete cosine transform.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2011,46(2):202-206.
[6]林红波,李月,徐学纯.压制地震勘探随机噪声的分段时频峰值滤波方法.地球物理学报,2011,54(5):1358-1366.Lin H B,Li Y,Xu X C.Segmenting time-frequency peakfiltering method to attenuation of seismic random noise.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(5):1358-1366.
[7]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Seismic attributes–a historicalperspective.Geophysics,2005,70(5):3SO-28SO.
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[9]Chopra S,Misra S,Marfurt K J.Coherence and curvatureattributes on preconditioned seismic data.The Leading Edge,2011,30(4)386-393.
[10]Luo Y,Marhoon M,Al-Dossary S,et al.AcquistionProcessing—Edge-preserving smoothing and applications.The Leading Edge,2002,21(2):136-158.
[11]AlBinHassan N M,Luo Y,Al-Faraj M N.3D edge-preserving smoothing and applications.Geophysics,2006,71(4):P5-P11.
[12]Lu Y H,Lu W K.Edge-preserving polynomial fittingmethod to suppress random seismic noise.Geophysics,2009,74(4):V69-V73.
[13]杨培杰,穆星,张景涛.方向性边界保持断层增强技术.地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2992-2997.Yang P J,Mu X,Zhang J T.Orientational edge preservingfault enhance.Chinese J.Gephys.(in Chinese),2010,53(12):2992-2997.
[14]刘财,王典,刘洋等.二维多级中值滤波技术在随机噪声消除中的应用初探.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):163-167.Liu C,Wang D,Liu Y,et al.Preliminary study of using 2Dmulti-level median filtering technique to eliminate randomnoises.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2005,40(2):163-167.
[15]Liu C,Liu Y,Yang B J,et al.A 2Dmultistage median filterto reduce random seismic noise.Geophysics,2006,71(5):V105-V110.
[16]Fehmers G C,Hcker C F W.Fast structural interpretationwith structure-oriented filtering.Geophysics,2003,68(4):1286-1293.
[17]Lavialle O,Pop S,Germain C,et al.Seismic fault preservingdiffusion.Journal of Applied Geophysics,2007,61(2):132-141.
[18]孙夕平,杜世通,汤磊.相干增强各向异性扩散滤波技术.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):651-655.Sun X P,Du S T,Tang L.Coherent-enhancing anisotropicdiffusion filtering technique.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2004,39(6):651-655.
[19]王旭松,杨长春.对地震图像进行保边滤波的非线性各向异性扩散算法.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):452-457.Wang X S,Yang C C.An edge-preserving smoothingalgorithm of seismic image using nonlinear anisotropic diffusionequation.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,21(2):452-457.
[20]张尔华,王伟,高静怀等.非线性各向异性扩散滤波器用于三维地震资料噪声衰减与结构特征增强.地球物理学进展,2010,25(3):866-870.Zhang E H,Wang W,Gao J H,et al.Non-linear anisotropicdiffusion filtering for 3Dseismic noise removal and structureenhancement.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,25(3):866-870.
[21]Gómez G.Local smoothness in terms of variance.Proceedingso fthe BMVC,2000:815-824.
[22]Marfurt K J,Sudhaker V,Gersztenkorn A,et al.Coherencycalculations in the presence of structural dip.Geophysics,1999,64(1):104-111.
[23]Randen T,Monsen E,Signer C,et al.Three-dimensionaltexture attributes for seismic data analysis.70th AnnualInternational Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts,2000:668-671.
[24]Wang Y E,Luo Y,Al-faraj M N.Inverse-vector approachfor smoothing dips and azimuths.Geophysics,2008,73(6):P9-P14.
[25]Gao D L.Latest developments in seismic texture analysis forsubsurface structure,facies,and reservoir characterization:A review.Geophysics,2011,76(2):W1-W13.
[26]Bakker P.Image structure analysis for seismic interpretation[Ph.D′s thesis].Netherlands:Technische UniversiteitDelft,2002.
[2]高静怀,毛剑,满蔚仕等.叠前地震资料噪声衰减的小波域方法研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1155-1163.Gao J H,Mao J,Man W S,et al.On the denoising methodof prestack seismic data in wavelet domain.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1155-1163.
[3]Neelamani R,Baumstein A I,Gillard D G,et al.Coherentand random noise attenuation using the curvelet transform.The Leading Edge,2008,27(2):240-248.
[4]刘洋,Fomel S,刘财等.高阶seislet变换及其在随机噪声消除中的应用.地球物理学报,2009,52(8):2142-2151.Liu Y,Fomel S,Liu C,et al.High-order seislet transformand its application of random noise attenuation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(8):2142-2151.
[5]陆文凯.基于离散余弦变换的地震随机噪声压制技术.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(2):202-206.Lu W K.Seismic random noise suppression based on thediscrete cosine transform.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2011,46(2):202-206.
[6]林红波,李月,徐学纯.压制地震勘探随机噪声的分段时频峰值滤波方法.地球物理学报,2011,54(5):1358-1366.Lin H B,Li Y,Xu X C.Segmenting time-frequency peakfiltering method to attenuation of seismic random noise.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(5):1358-1366.
[7]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Seismic attributes–a historicalperspective.Geophysics,2005,70(5):3SO-28SO.
[8]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Emerging and future trends inseismic attributes.The Leading Edge,2008,27(3):298-318.
[9]Chopra S,Misra S,Marfurt K J.Coherence and curvatureattributes on preconditioned seismic data.The Leading Edge,2011,30(4)386-393.
[10]Luo Y,Marhoon M,Al-Dossary S,et al.AcquistionProcessing—Edge-preserving smoothing and applications.The Leading Edge,2002,21(2):136-158.
[11]AlBinHassan N M,Luo Y,Al-Faraj M N.3D edge-preserving smoothing and applications.Geophysics,2006,71(4):P5-P11.
[12]Lu Y H,Lu W K.Edge-preserving polynomial fittingmethod to suppress random seismic noise.Geophysics,2009,74(4):V69-V73.
[13]杨培杰,穆星,张景涛.方向性边界保持断层增强技术.地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2992-2997.Yang P J,Mu X,Zhang J T.Orientational edge preservingfault enhance.Chinese J.Gephys.(in Chinese),2010,53(12):2992-2997.
[14]刘财,王典,刘洋等.二维多级中值滤波技术在随机噪声消除中的应用初探.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):163-167.Liu C,Wang D,Liu Y,et al.Preliminary study of using 2Dmulti-level median filtering technique to eliminate randomnoises.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2005,40(2):163-167.
[15]Liu C,Liu Y,Yang B J,et al.A 2Dmultistage median filterto reduce random seismic noise.Geophysics,2006,71(5):V105-V110.
[16]Fehmers G C,Hcker C F W.Fast structural interpretationwith structure-oriented filtering.Geophysics,2003,68(4):1286-1293.
[17]Lavialle O,Pop S,Germain C,et al.Seismic fault preservingdiffusion.Journal of Applied Geophysics,2007,61(2):132-141.
[18]孙夕平,杜世通,汤磊.相干增强各向异性扩散滤波技术.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):651-655.Sun X P,Du S T,Tang L.Coherent-enhancing anisotropicdiffusion filtering technique.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2004,39(6):651-655.
[19]王旭松,杨长春.对地震图像进行保边滤波的非线性各向异性扩散算法.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):452-457.Wang X S,Yang C C.An edge-preserving smoothingalgorithm of seismic image using nonlinear anisotropic diffusionequation.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,21(2):452-457.
[20]张尔华,王伟,高静怀等.非线性各向异性扩散滤波器用于三维地震资料噪声衰减与结构特征增强.地球物理学进展,2010,25(3):866-870.Zhang E H,Wang W,Gao J H,et al.Non-linear anisotropicdiffusion filtering for 3Dseismic noise removal and structureenhancement.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,25(3):866-870.
[21]Gómez G.Local smoothness in terms of variance.Proceedingso fthe BMVC,2000:815-824.
[22]Marfurt K J,Sudhaker V,Gersztenkorn A,et al.Coherencycalculations in the presence of structural dip.Geophysics,1999,64(1):104-111.
[23]Randen T,Monsen E,Signer C,et al.Three-dimensionaltexture attributes for seismic data analysis.70th AnnualInternational Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts,2000:668-671.
[24]Wang Y E,Luo Y,Al-faraj M N.Inverse-vector approachfor smoothing dips and azimuths.Geophysics,2008,73(6):P9-P14.
[25]Gao D L.Latest developments in seismic texture analysis forsubsurface structure,facies,and reservoir characterization:A review.Geophysics,2011,76(2):W1-W13.
[26]Bakker P.Image structure analysis for seismic interpretation[Ph.D′s thesis].Netherlands:Technische UniversiteitDelft,2002.
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