散射波叠前时间偏移成像
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摘要
砂体、尖灭、缝洞和小断层等非均质地质体是石油地震勘探非常重要的目标。由于受地震资料信噪比和分辨率的限制,常规的叠前时间偏移一般不易识别这类小尺度的非均匀地质体。而非均匀地质体散射波异常发育,因此利用散射波识别非均匀地质体具有重要的意义。本文提出了一种散射波叠前时间偏移成像方法,利用反射波和散射波的走时差异提取散射波并进行成像,从而识别非均匀地质体。数值试验和实际资料结果表明,该方法能够有效识别小尺度非均匀地质体,可为后续的地震资料解释提供基础数据。
Identification of small-scale non-uniform geological structures such as small faults,pinchouts,cracks and caves etc.is one of important goals of oil & gas exploration.However,such small-scale non-uniform geological structures cannot be imaged clearly based on traditional PSTM because of the limitations of resolution and/or signal-noise-ratio.It is a great signature to describe non-uniform geological structures with the advantage of scattered wave.When reflected wave was attenuated and scattered wave was preserved during seismic imaging,this kind of geological structures will be highlighted and can be easier to be identified.In this paper we present a scattered wave PSTM method,by which scattered wave is extracted and imaged via the travel time difference of reflected wave and scattered wave.Numerical experiments and real data processing show that this method can identify small-scale non-uniform geological structures and provide useful data for subsequent seismic data interpretation.
Identification of small-scale non-uniform geological structures such as small faults,pinchouts,cracks and caves etc.is one of important goals of oil & gas exploration.However,such small-scale non-uniform geological structures cannot be imaged clearly based on traditional PSTM because of the limitations of resolution and/or signal-noise-ratio.It is a great signature to describe non-uniform geological structures with the advantage of scattered wave.When reflected wave was attenuated and scattered wave was preserved during seismic imaging,this kind of geological structures will be highlighted and can be easier to be identified.In this paper we present a scattered wave PSTM method,by which scattered wave is extracted and imaged via the travel time difference of reflected wave and scattered wave.Numerical experiments and real data processing show that this method can identify small-scale non-uniform geological structures and provide useful data for subsequent seismic data interpretation.
引文
[1]吴如山,安艺敬一著;李裕澈,卢寿德等译.地震波的散射衰减.北京:地震出版社,1993
[2]尹军杰,刘学伟,李文慧.地震波散射理论及应用研究综述.地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):123～134Yin Junjie,Liu Xuewei,Li Wenhui.The view ofseismic wave scattering theory and its applications.Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(1):123～134
[3]Aki K.Analysis of the seismic coda of local earth-quakes as scattered waves.Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1969,74(2):615～631
[4]Haddon R A W.Corrugations on the CMB or Tran-sition Layers between Inner and Outer Cores?Tran-sactions of American Geophysical Union,Washing-ton:American Geophysical Union,1972
[5]刁顺,杨慧珠,许云.裂缝及介质非均匀散射.石油物探,1994,33(4):49～55Diao Shun,Yang Huizhu,Xu Yun.Scattering due toinhomogeneity of media.GPP,1994,33(4):49～55
[6]刁顺,杨慧珠,许云.TI介质裂纹散射研究.石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(5):545～551Diao Shun,Yang Huizhu and Xu Yun.Reaearch oncrack scattering in transversally isotropic medium.OGP,1994,29(5):545～551
[7]Ernst F and Blonk B著;陈军强译.降低地震资料中的近地表散射影响.国外油气勘探,1999,11(2):223～229
[8]郭向宇,凌云,魏修成.近地表散射波的叠后衰减.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):201～208Guo Xiangyu,Ling Yun and Wei Xiucheng.Post-stack attenuation of near-surface scattered wave.OGP,2002,37(3):201～208
[9]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D.Equivalent offset CRPgather.SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,1994,13:672～675
[10]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D,Margrave G F.The equiva-lent offset method of prestack time migration.Geo-physics,1998,63(6):2042～2053
[11]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D,Foltinek D et al.Prestackmigration by equivalent offsets and CSP gathers.CREWES Project Research Report,1994,6(27):1～18
[12]Bancroft J C.Natural anti-aliasing in equivalent offsetprestack migration.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,1996,15:1465～1468
[13]Bancroft J C.Computational speed of EOM relativeto standard Kirchhoff Migration.CREWES ProjectResearch Report,1998,10(43):1～6
[14]王勇,朱亚平,杨慧珠.共散射点成像及其在低信噪比三维地震数据处理中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(1):20～26Wang Yong,Zhu Yaping and Yang Huizhu.Commonscattering point imaging and its appllication to lowS/N 3-D seismic data processing.OGP,2000,35(1):20～26
[15]王伟,尹军杰,刘学伟等.等效炮检距方法及应用.地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1823～1830Wang Wei,Yin Junjie,Liu Xuewei et al.Equivalentoffset method and its application.Chinese J of Geo-physics,2007,50(6):1823～1830
[16]尹军杰,王伟,王赟等.地震散射波模拟成像方法在铜陵某矿区的应用.地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):1367～1376Yin Junjie,Wang Wei,Wang Yun et al.A case study:the numerical simulation and imaging of seismic scat-tered waves applied to the Tongling ore filed.Pro-gress in Geophysics,2009,24(4):1367～1376
[17]Hu Mingshun,Pan Dongming and Li Juanjuan.Nu-merical simulation scattered imaging in deep mines.Applied Geophysics,2010,7(3):272～282
[18]尹军杰.地震散射波场特征的数值模拟研究[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005
[19]勾丽敏.地震散射波成像技术研究[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2010
[20]秦雪霏.地震波多次散射波场属性分析[硕士学位论文].吉林长春:吉林大学,2007
[21]赵惊涛,王真理,于彩霞.地震勘探中的边缘绕射波及其动力学识别方法.地球物理学进展,2011,26(1):194～206Zhao Jingtao,Wang Zhenli,Yu Caixia.Edge diffrac-tive wave and its dynamic detection methods in seis-mic exploration.Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(1):194～206
[22]Schneider W A.Integral formulation for migration intwo and three dimension.Geophysics,1978,43(1):49～76
[23]Taner M T,Koehler F.Velocity spectra-digital com-puter derivation and applications of velocity func-tions.Geophysics,1969,34(6):859～881
[24]Castle R J.A theory of normal moveout.Geophy-sics,1994,59(6):983～999
[25]Alkhalifah T,Tsvankin I.Velocity analysis for trans-versely isotropic media.Geophysics,1995,60(5):1550～1566
[26]Sun C W.Optimized 6th order NMO correction forlong-offset seismic data.SEG Technical ProgramExpanded Abstracts,2002,21:2312～2316
[27]刘洪,刘国锋,李博等.基于横向导数的走时计算方法及其在叠前时间偏移中的应用.石油物探,2009,48(1):3～10Liu Hong,Liu Guofeng,Li Bo et al.The travel timecalculation method via laterally derivative to velocityand its application in prestack time migration.GPP,2009,48(1):3～10
[28]邹振,刘洪,刘红伟.Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移角度道集.地球物理学报,2010,53(5):1207～1214Zou Zhen,Liu Hong,Liu Hongwei.Common-anglegathers based on Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(5):1207～1214
[2]尹军杰,刘学伟,李文慧.地震波散射理论及应用研究综述.地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):123～134Yin Junjie,Liu Xuewei,Li Wenhui.The view ofseismic wave scattering theory and its applications.Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(1):123～134
[3]Aki K.Analysis of the seismic coda of local earth-quakes as scattered waves.Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1969,74(2):615～631
[4]Haddon R A W.Corrugations on the CMB or Tran-sition Layers between Inner and Outer Cores?Tran-sactions of American Geophysical Union,Washing-ton:American Geophysical Union,1972
[5]刁顺,杨慧珠,许云.裂缝及介质非均匀散射.石油物探,1994,33(4):49～55Diao Shun,Yang Huizhu,Xu Yun.Scattering due toinhomogeneity of media.GPP,1994,33(4):49～55
[6]刁顺,杨慧珠,许云.TI介质裂纹散射研究.石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(5):545～551Diao Shun,Yang Huizhu and Xu Yun.Reaearch oncrack scattering in transversally isotropic medium.OGP,1994,29(5):545～551
[7]Ernst F and Blonk B著;陈军强译.降低地震资料中的近地表散射影响.国外油气勘探,1999,11(2):223～229
[8]郭向宇,凌云,魏修成.近地表散射波的叠后衰减.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):201～208Guo Xiangyu,Ling Yun and Wei Xiucheng.Post-stack attenuation of near-surface scattered wave.OGP,2002,37(3):201～208
[9]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D.Equivalent offset CRPgather.SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,1994,13:672～675
[10]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D,Margrave G F.The equiva-lent offset method of prestack time migration.Geo-physics,1998,63(6):2042～2053
[11]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D,Foltinek D et al.Prestackmigration by equivalent offsets and CSP gathers.CREWES Project Research Report,1994,6(27):1～18
[12]Bancroft J C.Natural anti-aliasing in equivalent offsetprestack migration.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,1996,15:1465～1468
[13]Bancroft J C.Computational speed of EOM relativeto standard Kirchhoff Migration.CREWES ProjectResearch Report,1998,10(43):1～6
[14]王勇,朱亚平,杨慧珠.共散射点成像及其在低信噪比三维地震数据处理中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(1):20～26Wang Yong,Zhu Yaping and Yang Huizhu.Commonscattering point imaging and its appllication to lowS/N 3-D seismic data processing.OGP,2000,35(1):20～26
[15]王伟,尹军杰,刘学伟等.等效炮检距方法及应用.地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1823～1830Wang Wei,Yin Junjie,Liu Xuewei et al.Equivalentoffset method and its application.Chinese J of Geo-physics,2007,50(6):1823～1830
[16]尹军杰,王伟,王赟等.地震散射波模拟成像方法在铜陵某矿区的应用.地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):1367～1376Yin Junjie,Wang Wei,Wang Yun et al.A case study:the numerical simulation and imaging of seismic scat-tered waves applied to the Tongling ore filed.Pro-gress in Geophysics,2009,24(4):1367～1376
[17]Hu Mingshun,Pan Dongming and Li Juanjuan.Nu-merical simulation scattered imaging in deep mines.Applied Geophysics,2010,7(3):272～282
[18]尹军杰.地震散射波场特征的数值模拟研究[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005
[19]勾丽敏.地震散射波成像技术研究[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2010
[20]秦雪霏.地震波多次散射波场属性分析[硕士学位论文].吉林长春:吉林大学,2007
[21]赵惊涛,王真理,于彩霞.地震勘探中的边缘绕射波及其动力学识别方法.地球物理学进展,2011,26(1):194～206Zhao Jingtao,Wang Zhenli,Yu Caixia.Edge diffrac-tive wave and its dynamic detection methods in seis-mic exploration.Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(1):194～206
[22]Schneider W A.Integral formulation for migration intwo and three dimension.Geophysics,1978,43(1):49～76
[23]Taner M T,Koehler F.Velocity spectra-digital com-puter derivation and applications of velocity func-tions.Geophysics,1969,34(6):859～881
[24]Castle R J.A theory of normal moveout.Geophy-sics,1994,59(6):983～999
[25]Alkhalifah T,Tsvankin I.Velocity analysis for trans-versely isotropic media.Geophysics,1995,60(5):1550～1566
[26]Sun C W.Optimized 6th order NMO correction forlong-offset seismic data.SEG Technical ProgramExpanded Abstracts,2002,21:2312～2316
[27]刘洪,刘国锋,李博等.基于横向导数的走时计算方法及其在叠前时间偏移中的应用.石油物探,2009,48(1):3～10Liu Hong,Liu Guofeng,Li Bo et al.The travel timecalculation method via laterally derivative to velocityand its application in prestack time migration.GPP,2009,48(1):3～10
[28]邹振,刘洪,刘红伟.Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移角度道集.地球物理学报,2010,53(5):1207～1214Zou Zhen,Liu Hong,Liu Hongwei.Common-anglegathers based on Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(5):1207～1214
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