帕米尔东北缘冲断带新生代构造变形特征及油气控制作用
摘要
在地表构造解析和地震剖面解释的基础上,分析了帕米尔东北缘冲断带新生代构造变形特征,提出作为冲断带前锋断层的乌泊尔断裂在不同地区存在不同的底部滑脱层.地表踏勘和高分辨率地震资料证实:乌泊尔断裂在波孜塔格附近以西沿古新统膏泥岩层滑脱,而以东则沿上白垩统泥灰岩和古新统膏泥岩层滑脱;其控制了深部隐伏冲断体系和浅部第四纪背驮盆地的形成.研究结果表明,帕米尔北缘冲断带新生代构造变形活动开始于中新世末期—上新世早期,并持续至今,对油气聚集和晚期成藏具有重要的控制作用.
Based on geological survey and recently acquired high-resolution seismic profiles,this paper mainly analyzes the structural characteristics of the Cenozoic thrusting belt in NE Pamir,and suggests the detachments of the Wupor fault which is the forward fault of NE Pamir thrusting belt for different regions.The outcrops and seismic characteristics showed that the Wupor fault slipped along the gypsum-mudstone layer inside the Paleocene strata in the western Bozitag.However,it slipped along both the upper Cretaceous marl and the Paleocene gypsum-mudstone in the eastern Bozitag.There was a blind thrusting system in the lower part and a Quaternary piggy-back basin in the upper part controlled by the Wupor fault.The results indicate that the Cenozoic deformation of NE Pamir thrusting belt might have began in the late Miocene-early Pliocene and lasted to present.It also controlled the accumulation of hydrocarbon in this area.
Based on geological survey and recently acquired high-resolution seismic profiles,this paper mainly analyzes the structural characteristics of the Cenozoic thrusting belt in NE Pamir,and suggests the detachments of the Wupor fault which is the forward fault of NE Pamir thrusting belt for different regions.The outcrops and seismic characteristics showed that the Wupor fault slipped along the gypsum-mudstone layer inside the Paleocene strata in the western Bozitag.However,it slipped along both the upper Cretaceous marl and the Paleocene gypsum-mudstone in the eastern Bozitag.There was a blind thrusting system in the lower part and a Quaternary piggy-back basin in the upper part controlled by the Wupor fault.The results indicate that the Cenozoic deformation of NE Pamir thrusting belt might have began in the late Miocene-early Pliocene and lasted to present.It also controlled the accumulation of hydrocarbon in this area.
引文
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[20]胡建中,谭应佳,张平,等.塔里木盆地西南缘山前带逆冲推覆构造特征[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):222-231.HU Jian-zhong,TAN Ying-jia,ZHANG Ping,etal.Structural features of Cenozoic thrust-fault beltsin the piedmont of southwestern Tarim basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):222-231.
[21]廖林.西昆仑新生代构造事件及其沉积响应[D].杭州:浙江大学地球科学系,2010.
[22]刘胜,邱斌,尹宏,等.西昆仑山前乌泊尔逆冲推覆带构造特征[J].石油学报,2005,26(6):16-19.LIU Sheng,QIU Bin,YIN Hong,et al.Structuralcharacteristics of wuboer thrust belts in the forelandof west Kunlun mountain[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(6):16-19.
[23]JIN X C,WANG Jun,CHEN B W,et al.Cenozoicdepositional sequences in the piedmont of the westKunlun and their paleogeographic and tectonic impli-cations[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2003,21:755-765.
[24]陈杰,丁国瑜,BURBANK D W,等.中国西南天山山前的晚新生代构造与地震活动[J].中国地震,2001,17(2):134-155.CHEN Jie,DING Guo-yu,BURBANK D W,et al.Late Cenozoic tectonics and seismicity in the south-western Tianshan,China[J].Earthquake researchin China,2001,17(2):134-155.
[25]张家声,单新建,李建华,等.帕米尔地区现今大陆深俯冲:地震构造和动力学解释[J].岩石学报,2005,21(4):1215-1227.ZHANG Jia-sheng,SHAN Xin-jian,LI Jian-hua,et al.Recent deep subducting of continental crust inPamir:an interpretation on seismotectonics and geo-dynamics[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2005,21(4):1215-1227.
[26]孙文斌,和跃时,常征,等.帕米尔—兴都库什地区板块俯冲及其应力状态[J].地震地质,2009,31(2):207-217.SUN Wen-bin,HE Yue-shi,CHANG Zheng,et al.The plate subduction and stress state in the Pamir-Hindu Kush region[J].Seismology and Geology,2009,31(2):207-217.
[27]贾承造,何登发,石昕,等.中国油气晚期成藏特征[J].中国科学:D辑,2006,36(5):412-420.JIA Cheng-zao,HE Deng-fa,SHI Xin,et al.Char-acteristics of China’s oil and gas pool formation inlatest geological history[J].Science in China:SeriesD,2006,36(5):412-420.
[28]宋岩,王喜双.新构造运动对天然气晚期成藏的控制作用[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(2):103-106.SONG Yan,WANG Xi-shuang.The controlling ac-tion of modern structure movement on the late accu-mulation of natural gas[J].Earth Science of NaturalGas,2003,14(2):103-106.
[29]张君峰,王东良,王招明,等.喀什凹陷阿克莫木气田天然气成藏地球化学.天然气地球科学.2005,16(4):507-513.ZHANG Jun-feng,WANG Dong-liang,WANGZhao-ming,et al.Natural gas deposit formation ge-ochemistry of Akmomu gas field kashi sag in Tarimbasin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(4):507-513.
[30]钱玲,卢玉红,黄龙藏,等.塔里木盆地喀什凹陷克拉托天然气来源分析及聚气特征[J].地质科学,2007,42(2):253-266.QIAN Ling,LU Yu-hong,HUANG Long-cang,etal.Source and gathering features of Kelatuo naturalgas in the Sashi sag,Tarim basin[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geology,2007,42(2):253-266.
[2]MOLNAR P,TAPPONNIER P.Active tectonics ofTibet[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1978,83:5361-5375.
[3]BURTMAN V S.Cenozoic crustal shortening be-tween the Pamir and Tien Shan and a reconstructionof the Pamir-Tien Shan transition zone for the Creta-ceous and Palaeogene[J].Tectonophysics,2000,319:69-92.
[4]MATTE P,TAPPONIER P,ARNAUD N,et al.Tectonics of western Tibet,between the Tarim andthe Indus[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1996,142:311-330.
[5]WITTLINGER G,VERGNE J,TAPPONNIER P,et al.Teleseismic imaging of subducting lithosphereand Moho offsets beneath western Tibet[J].Earthand Planetary Science Letters,2004,221:117-130.
[6]LI Q S,GAO R,LU D Y,et al.Tarim underthrustbeneath western Kunlun:evidence from wide-angleseismic sounding[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sci-ences,2002,20:247-253.
[7]肖安成,杨树锋,陈汉林,等.西昆仑山前冲断系的结构特征[J].地学前缘,2000,7(S):128-136.XIAO An-cheng,YANG Shu-feng,CHEN Han-lin,et al.Structural characteristics of thrust system inthe front of the west Kunlun mountains[J].EarthScience Fronters,2000,7(S):128-136.
[8]肖安成,贾承造,杨树锋,等.中国南天山西部冲断褶皱系前缘区的运动学特征[J].沉积学报,2000,18(3):439-444.XIAO An-cheng,JIA Cheng-zao,YANG Shu-feng,et al.The kinematics characters of the thrust-foldbelts western front regions in Southern Tianshan,China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2000,18(3):439-444.
[9]伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,等.帕米尔—西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析[J].地质科学,2004,39(2):260-271.WU Xiu-fang,LIU Sheng,WANG Xin,et al.analy-sis on structural sections in the Cenozoic Pamir-West-ern Kunlun foreland fold and thrust belt[J].ChineseJournal of Geology,2004,39(2):260-271.
[10]陈汉林,张芬芬,程晓敢,等.帕米尔东北缘地区构造变形特征与盆山结构[J].地质科学,2010,45(1):102-112.CHEN Han-lin,ZHANG Fen-fen,CHENG Xiao-gan,et al.The deformation features and basin-range coupling structure in the northeastern Pamirtectonic belt[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2010,45(1):102-112.
[11]程晓敢,雷刚林,陈汉林,等.西昆仑山前甫沙—克里阳地区新生代变形特征及油气控制作用[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):83-89.CHENG Xiao-gan,LEI Gang-lin,CHEN Han-lin,et al.Cenozoic structural deformation of the Fusha-Keliyang area in the piedmont of the western Kunlunmountains and its control on hydrocarbon accumula-tion[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):83-89.
[12]张先康,赵金仁,张成科,等.帕米尔东北侧地壳结构研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(5):665-671.ZHANG Xian-kang,ZHAO Jin-ren,ZHANGCheng-ke,et al.Crustal structure at the northeastside of the Pamirs[J].Chinese Journal of Geophys-ics,2002,45(5):665-671.
[13]KHAN P K.STRESS S.Seismicity and subductiongeometries of the descending lithosphere below theHindukush and Parnir[J].Gondwana Research,2003,6(4):867-877.
[14]NEGREDO A M,REPLUMAZ A,VILLASEN-OR A,et al.Modeling the evolution of continentalsubduction processes in the Pamir-Hindu Kush re-gion[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007,259:212-225.
[15]钱俊锋,肖安成,周乐尧,等.南天山与西昆仑帕米尔冲断带的空间对接关系研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2010,39(6):881-885.QIAN Jun-feng,XIAO An-cheng,ZHOU Le-yao,et al.The spatial relationship of the southern TienShan and Pamir of western Kunlun thrust belts[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technolo-gy,2010,39(6):881-885.
[16]尚新璐,陈新卫,吴超,等.塔里木盆地西部喀什地区的新生代冲断构造[J].地质科学,2004,39(4):543-550.SHANG Xin-lu,CHEN Xin-wei,WU Chao,et al.Cenozoic thrust structures in the Kashi area,west-ern Tarim basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2004,39(4):543-550.
[17]沈军,汪一鹏,赵瑞斌,等.帕米尔东北缘及塔里木盆地西北部弧形构造的扩展特征[J].地震地质,2001,23(3):381-389.SHEN Jun,WANG Yi-peng,ZHAO Rui-bin,etal.Propagation of Cenozoic arcuate structures innortheast Pamir and northwest Tarim basin[J].Seismology and Geology,2001,23(3):381-389.
[18]曲国胜,陈杰,陈新安,等.西昆仑-帕米尔造山带及其北缘前陆盆地板内变形构造[J].地质评论,1998,44(4):419-429.QU Guo-sheng,CHEN Jie,CHEN Xin-an,et al.Intraplate deformation in the front of the West Kun-lun-Pamir arcuate orogenic belt and the southwestTarim foreland basin[J].Geological Review,1998,44(4):419-429.
[19]陈杰,曲国胜,胡军,等.帕米尔北缘弧形推覆构造带东段的基本特征与现代地震活动[J].地震地质,1997,19(4):301-312.CHEN Jie,QU Guo-sheng,HU Jun,et al.Arcu-ate thrust tectonics and its contemporary seismicityin the eastern section of the external zone of thePamir[J].Seismology and Geology,1997,19(4):301-312.
[20]胡建中,谭应佳,张平,等.塔里木盆地西南缘山前带逆冲推覆构造特征[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):222-231.HU Jian-zhong,TAN Ying-jia,ZHANG Ping,etal.Structural features of Cenozoic thrust-fault beltsin the piedmont of southwestern Tarim basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):222-231.
[21]廖林.西昆仑新生代构造事件及其沉积响应[D].杭州:浙江大学地球科学系,2010.
[22]刘胜,邱斌,尹宏,等.西昆仑山前乌泊尔逆冲推覆带构造特征[J].石油学报,2005,26(6):16-19.LIU Sheng,QIU Bin,YIN Hong,et al.Structuralcharacteristics of wuboer thrust belts in the forelandof west Kunlun mountain[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(6):16-19.
[23]JIN X C,WANG Jun,CHEN B W,et al.Cenozoicdepositional sequences in the piedmont of the westKunlun and their paleogeographic and tectonic impli-cations[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2003,21:755-765.
[24]陈杰,丁国瑜,BURBANK D W,等.中国西南天山山前的晚新生代构造与地震活动[J].中国地震,2001,17(2):134-155.CHEN Jie,DING Guo-yu,BURBANK D W,et al.Late Cenozoic tectonics and seismicity in the south-western Tianshan,China[J].Earthquake researchin China,2001,17(2):134-155.
[25]张家声,单新建,李建华,等.帕米尔地区现今大陆深俯冲:地震构造和动力学解释[J].岩石学报,2005,21(4):1215-1227.ZHANG Jia-sheng,SHAN Xin-jian,LI Jian-hua,et al.Recent deep subducting of continental crust inPamir:an interpretation on seismotectonics and geo-dynamics[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2005,21(4):1215-1227.
[26]孙文斌,和跃时,常征,等.帕米尔—兴都库什地区板块俯冲及其应力状态[J].地震地质,2009,31(2):207-217.SUN Wen-bin,HE Yue-shi,CHANG Zheng,et al.The plate subduction and stress state in the Pamir-Hindu Kush region[J].Seismology and Geology,2009,31(2):207-217.
[27]贾承造,何登发,石昕,等.中国油气晚期成藏特征[J].中国科学:D辑,2006,36(5):412-420.JIA Cheng-zao,HE Deng-fa,SHI Xin,et al.Char-acteristics of China’s oil and gas pool formation inlatest geological history[J].Science in China:SeriesD,2006,36(5):412-420.
[28]宋岩,王喜双.新构造运动对天然气晚期成藏的控制作用[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(2):103-106.SONG Yan,WANG Xi-shuang.The controlling ac-tion of modern structure movement on the late accu-mulation of natural gas[J].Earth Science of NaturalGas,2003,14(2):103-106.
[29]张君峰,王东良,王招明,等.喀什凹陷阿克莫木气田天然气成藏地球化学.天然气地球科学.2005,16(4):507-513.ZHANG Jun-feng,WANG Dong-liang,WANGZhao-ming,et al.Natural gas deposit formation ge-ochemistry of Akmomu gas field kashi sag in Tarimbasin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(4):507-513.
[30]钱玲,卢玉红,黄龙藏,等.塔里木盆地喀什凹陷克拉托天然气来源分析及聚气特征[J].地质科学,2007,42(2):253-266.QIAN Ling,LU Yu-hong,HUANG Long-cang,etal.Source and gathering features of Kelatuo naturalgas in the Sashi sag,Tarim basin[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geology,2007,42(2):253-266.
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