基于GIS的震害空间分布图集的设计与编制
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摘要
快速地生成震害分布预测图,对提高减灾救灾能力有着重要意义。本研究采用3S(地理信息系统—G IS、全球定位系统—GPS和遥感—RS)技术,设计了一套全方位、多角度、综合自然环境、社会经济和人文要素的震害空间分布图集。本文将G IS强大的空间分析和数据管理能力与GPS、RS和地震科学相结合,从设计思想、图集内容、表现形式等方面介绍了专题图集的设计与编制。经过多次地震应急演练,该图集在制图规范化和出图速度方面有了较大的改善,能为应急指挥和辅助决策提供有力的技术保障。
More quickly the spatial distributions of seismic hazards are made into thematic maps,more greatly the capacity of disaster mitigation and relief would be improved.By integrating the powerful 3S,GIS(Geography Information System),GPS(Global Position System),and RS(Remote Sensing),and earthquake science,the atlas of seismic hazard is designed.The spatial distribution of earthquake damage,such as integrated natural environment,socio-economic,culture and so on,can be shown in the atlas.Furthermore,the design and complication of atlas are also described at length from the concepts of design,the contents of atlas,the manifestation of subject etc.It is proved that the atlas can largely improve standard for maps and speed up map-making in lots of earthquake emergency drilling in recent years.The atlas can provide powerful technical support for emergency command and auxiliary decision-making.
More quickly the spatial distributions of seismic hazards are made into thematic maps,more greatly the capacity of disaster mitigation and relief would be improved.By integrating the powerful 3S,GIS(Geography Information System),GPS(Global Position System),and RS(Remote Sensing),and earthquake science,the atlas of seismic hazard is designed.The spatial distribution of earthquake damage,such as integrated natural environment,socio-economic,culture and so on,can be shown in the atlas.Furthermore,the design and complication of atlas are also described at length from the concepts of design,the contents of atlas,the manifestation of subject etc.It is proved that the atlas can largely improve standard for maps and speed up map-making in lots of earthquake emergency drilling in recent years.The atlas can provide powerful technical support for emergency command and auxiliary decision-making.
引文
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[9]曾文军,李维庆,刘增林.《汶川地震灾害地图集》的设计与编制[J].测绘,2009,32(1):39-42.Zeng W J,Li W Q,Liu Z L.The designment andcompilation of“Atlas of Wenchuan Earthquake”[J].Surveying and Mapping of Sichuan,2009,32(1):39-42.
[10]郑文锋,银正彤,阚瑷珂,等.基于OpenGIS的地震信息采集与震灾评估系统[J].地震研究,2007,30(2):195-200.Zheng W F,Yin Z T,Kan A K,et al.Seismicinformation collection and disaster evaluationsystem based on Open-GIS[J].Journal ofSeismological Research,2007,30(2):195-200.
[2]Keilis B,Vladimir,Ismail Z,et al.Non-lineardynamics of the lithosphere and intermediate-termearth-quake prediction[J].Tectonophysics,2001,338(3-4):247-260.
[3]高云学.关于如何减轻我国村镇居住建筑地震灾害的建议[J].自然灾害学报,1995,4(1):47-50.Gao Y X.Suggestions on how to reduce earthquakedisasters on living buildings in villages and townsof China[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1995,4(1):47-50.
[4]尹之潜.城市地震灾害预测的基本内容和减灾决策过程[J].自然灾害学报,1995,4(1):17-25.Yin Z Q.Content of analyzing earthquake losses incity and the process of countermeasures decision-making for disaster mitigation[J].Journal ofNatural Disasters,1995,4(1):17-25.
[5]陈秀万,杨凯欣,方裕,等.基于空间信息技术的城市应急救援联动系统研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2003,19(4):49-53.Chen X W,Yang K X,Fang Y,et al.Study on urbanemergency response system based on spatialinformation technology[J].Geography and Geo-Information Scienc 2003,19(4):49-53.
[6]张晓东,张国民.关于地震预警的思考[J].国际地震动态,2004,(6):43-47.Zhang X D,Zhang G M.Thoughts on early warningof earthquakes in China[J].Recent Developmentsin World Seismolog,2004,(6):43-47.
[7]朱煌武.突发性地震灾害危机的预警和应急管理机制[J].灾害学,2004,(1):78-82.Zhu H W.Mechanism of early warning andemergency management of rapid-onset earthquakedisaster[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2004,(1):78-82.
[8]帅向华,姜立新,李志强,等.国家地震应急快速响应信息系统建设—以首都圈地区为基础[J].自然灾害学报,2006,15(5):132-135.Shuai X H,Jiang L X,Li Z Q,et al.Nationalearthquake disaster emergency rapid responsesystem:being aimed at capital circle area[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2006,15(5):132-135.
[9]曾文军,李维庆,刘增林.《汶川地震灾害地图集》的设计与编制[J].测绘,2009,32(1):39-42.Zeng W J,Li W Q,Liu Z L.The designment andcompilation of“Atlas of Wenchuan Earthquake”[J].Surveying and Mapping of Sichuan,2009,32(1):39-42.
[10]郑文锋,银正彤,阚瑷珂,等.基于OpenGIS的地震信息采集与震灾评估系统[J].地震研究,2007,30(2):195-200.Zheng W F,Yin Z T,Kan A K,et al.Seismicinformation collection and disaster evaluationsystem based on Open-GIS[J].Journal ofSeismological Research,2007,30(2):195-200.
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