越南红河断裂活动性研究
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摘要
通过中越两国对越南红河断裂带开展的联合野外考察,获取了地震、地质、地貌和年代学等反映该断裂最新活动的相关证据。综合研究表明,越南红河断裂带第四纪以来的右旋走滑活动延续和保持了在中国境内自北向南逐渐减弱的总体趋势。其第四纪主要活动时代为中更新世中晚期,且总体活动水平明显低于中国云南境内部分,特别是自晚更新世以来越南红河断裂带的活动已表现得十分微弱。结合断裂现今地震活动和区域GPS大地形变特征分析认为,自晚第四纪以来,来自青藏高原的"侧向挤出"动力作用对红河断裂右旋走滑活动在时间、空间和强度等方面的影响可能非常有限。文中还探讨了造成这一有限影响可能的大地构造和深部构造原因。
Correlated evidences about the newest activity of Red River Fault in Vietnam(RRFV),such as seismicity,geology,geomorphology and chronology etc,have been obtained through joint survey along the fault in Vietnam. Our comprehensive studies demonstrate that,the same tendency of gradual weakening of the fault activity from north to south in the part of China since Quaternary has been kept on in Vietnam. The primary active period of Red River Fault in Vietnam is in late of middle Pleistocene,and in general,the active level of Red River Fault is lower prominently than that in Yunnan,China,especially,the activity of RRFV has been very weak since late Pleistocene. The synthesized analysis on seismicity and regional GPS deformation monitoring data indicates that the dynamic impact of so-called lateral extrusion from Tibetan Plateau on the dextral slip of RRFV should be very limited. Furthermore,the possible reasons including geotectonic and deep crustal structure have been discussed in the article.
Correlated evidences about the newest activity of Red River Fault in Vietnam(RRFV),such as seismicity,geology,geomorphology and chronology etc,have been obtained through joint survey along the fault in Vietnam. Our comprehensive studies demonstrate that,the same tendency of gradual weakening of the fault activity from north to south in the part of China since Quaternary has been kept on in Vietnam. The primary active period of Red River Fault in Vietnam is in late of middle Pleistocene,and in general,the active level of Red River Fault is lower prominently than that in Yunnan,China,especially,the activity of RRFV has been very weak since late Pleistocene. The synthesized analysis on seismicity and regional GPS deformation monitoring data indicates that the dynamic impact of so-called lateral extrusion from Tibetan Plateau on the dextral slip of RRFV should be very limited. Furthermore,the possible reasons including geotectonic and deep crustal structure have been discussed in the article.
引文
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吴幸鸿.2002.红河断裂带地震活动以及东南亚地壳与上部地函构造之研究[D]:[学位论文].中国台北:中国台湾中央大学地球物理研究所.14—37.WU Xing-hong.2002.Study on seismicity of Red River Fault and the crustal-upper mantal structure in southeast Asia[D].Ph D thesis.Institute of Geophysics,Central University,Taiwan,China.14—37(in Chinese).
向宏发,徐锡伟,虢顺民,等.2002.丽江-小金河断裂第四纪以来的左旋逆推运动及其构造地质意义:陆内活动地块横向构造的屏蔽作用[J].地震地质,24(2):188—198.XIANG Hong-fa,XU Xi-wei,GUO Shun-min,et al.2002.Sinistral thrusting along the Lijiang-Xiaojinhe Fault sinceQuaternary and its geologic-tectonic significance:Shielding effect of transverse structure of intra-continental activeblock[J].Seismology and Geology,24(2):188—198(in Chinese).
向宏发,韩竹军,虢顺民,等.2004.红河断裂带大型右旋走滑运动定量研究的若干问题[J].地球科学进展,19(增刊):56—59.XIANG Hong-fa,HAN Zhu-jun,GUO Shun-min,et al.2004.Processing about quantitative study of large-scale strike-slip movement on Red River Fault zone[J].Advance in Earth Science,19(Suppl):56—59(in Chinese).
向宏发,虢顺民,张晚霞,等.2007.红河断裂带南段中新世以来大型右旋位错量的定量研究[J].地震地质,29(1):52—65.XIANG Hong-fa,GUO Shun-min,ZHANG Wan-xia,et al.2007.Quantitative study on the large-scale dextral strike-slip offset in the southern segment of the Red River Fault since Miocene[J].Seismology and Geology,29(1):52—65(in Chinese).
胥颐,刘建华,刘福田,等.2003.哀牢山-红河断裂带及其邻区的地壳上地幔结构[J].中国科学(D辑),33(12):1201—1208.XU Yi,LIUJian-hua,LIUFu-tian,et al.2003.The crust and upper mantle structure of Ailaoshan-Red River Fault andits vicinities[J].Science in China(Ser D),33(12):1201—1208(in Chinese).
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张建国,汪良谋,徐煜坚,等.1993.红河断裂深部震源环境介质力学性质分析[J].地震地质,15(2):131—137.ZHANG Jian-guo,WANG Liang-mou,XU Yu-jian,et al.1993.Analysis of mechanical property of the medium underthe deep seismic source environment along Red River Fault[J].Seismology and Geology,15(2):131—137(inChinese).
张建国,皇甫岗,谢英情,等.2008.中越红河断裂考察与研究(一)[J].地震研究,31(4):362—368.ZHANG Jian-guo,HUANGFU Gang,XIE Ying-qing,et al.2008.Sino-Vietnam joint survey and study of Red RiverFault zone(Part1)[J].Journal of Seismological Research,31(4):362—368(in Chinese).
张培震,王琪.2001.中国大陆现今地壳运动和构造变形-速度场与活动地块[A].见:马宗晋,汪一鹏,张燕平主编.青藏高原岩石圈现今变动与动力学.北京:地震出版社.21—31.ZHANG Pei-zhen,WANG Qi.2001.Present-day crustal movement and tectonic deformation in continental China GPSvelocity field and active tectonic blocks[A].In:MA Zong-jin,WANG Yi-peng,ZHANG Yan-ping(ed).Studyon the recent deformation and dynamics of the lithosphere of Qinghai-Xizang plateau.Seismological Press,Beijing.21—31(in Chinese).
张培震,王琪,马宗晋.2002.青藏高原现今构造变形特征与GPS速度场[J].地学前缘,9(2):442—449.ZHANG Pei-zhen,WANG Qi,MA Zong-jin.2002.GPS velocity field and active crustal deformation in and around theQinghai-Tibet plateau[J].Earth Science Frontiers,9(2):442—449(in Chinese).
张培震,沈正康,王敏,等.2004.青藏高原及周边现今构造变形的运动学[J].地震地质,26(3):367—377.ZHANG Pei-zhen,SHENZheng-kang,Wang Min,et al.2004.Kinematics of present-day tectonic deformation of the Ti-betan plateau and its vicinities[J].Seismology and Geology,26(3):367—377(in Chinese).
周庆连,赵翠萍,修济刚,等.2008.川滇地区Lg波Q值层析成像[J].地球物理学报,51(6):1745—1752.ZHOU Qing-lian,ZHAO Cui-ping,XIUJi-gang,et al.2008.Tomography ofQLgin Sichuan-Yunnan zone[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,51(6):1745—1752(in Chinese).
Leloup P H,Lacassin R,Tapponnier P,et al.1995.The Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone(Yunnan,China),Tertiarytransform boundary of IndoChina[J].Tectonophysics,251:3—10.
Feigl K L,Duong Chi Cong,Becker M,et al.2003.Insignificant horizontal strain across the Red River Fault near ThacBa,Vietnam from GPS measurements1994-2000.EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly,Abstracts from the meetingheld in Nice,France,6-11April2003,abstract#4707.
Tapponnier P,Molnar P.1976.Slip-line field theory and large scale continental tectonics[J].Nature,264:319—324.
Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Ledain A Y,et al.1982.Propagation extrusion tectonics in Asia:New insights from simpleexperiments with plasticine[J].Geology,22(4):611—616.
Tapponnier P,Xu Z Q,Roger F,et al.2001.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Science,294:1671—1677.
国家地震局地质研究所,云南省地震局.1995.滇西北地区活动断裂[M].北京:地震出版社.Institute of Geology,State Seismological Bureau,Seismological Bureau of Yunnan Province.1995.Active fault in north-west Yunnan region[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
虢顺民,计凤桔,向宏发,等.2001.红河活动断裂带[M].北京:海洋出版社.89—108.GUO Shun-min,JI Feng-ju,XIANG Hong-fa,et al.2001.Red River Active Fault Zone[M].China Ocean Press,Bei-jing.89—108(in Chinese).
黄金莉,赵大鹏,郑斯华.2001.川滇活动构造区地震层析成像[J].地球物理学报,44(增刊):127—135.HUANG Jin-li,ZHAO Da-peng,ZHENG Si-hua.2001.Seismic tomography for Sichuan-Yunnan active tectonic region[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,44(suppl):127—135(in Chinese).
胡鸿翔,高世玉.1993.滇西地区地壳浅部基底速度细结构的研究[J].中国地震,9(4):356—363.HU Hong-xiang,GAO Shi-yu.1993.The investigation of fine velocity structure of the basement layer of earth s crust inwestern Yunnan region[J].Earthquake Research in China,9(4):356—363(in Chinese).
吕江宁,沈正康,王敏.2003.川滇地区现代地壳运动速度场和活动块体模型研究[J].地震地质,25(4):543—554.L Jiang-ning,SHEN Zheng-kang,WANG Min.2003.Contemporary crustal deformation and active tectonic blockmodel of the Sichuan-Yunnan region,China[J].Seismology and Geology,25(4):543—554(in Chinese).
马宗晋,张家声,汪一鹏.2001.青藏高原三维变形运动随时间的变化:论青藏高原构造变动的非平稳性[A].见:马宗晋,汪一鹏,张燕平主编.青藏高原岩石圈现今变动与动力学.北京:地震出版社.88—105.MA Zong-jin,ZHANG Jia-sheng,WANG Yi-peng.2001.Changes of the3-D movement sense along with time in theQinghai-Xizang plateau:Review on non-smooth deformation in the Qinghai-Xizang plateau[A].In:MA Zong-jin,WANG Yi-peng,ZHANG Yan-ping(ed).Study on the recent deformation and dynamics of the lithosphere ofQinghai-Xizang plateau.Seismological Press,Beijing.88—105(in Chinese).
汪一鹏.2001.青藏高原活动构造基本特征[A].见:马宗晋,汪一鹏,张燕平主编.青藏高原岩石圈现今变动与动力学.北京:地震出版社.251—262.WANG Yi-peng.2001.Principal features of the active tectonics in Qinghai-Xizang plateau[A].In:MA Zong-jin,WANG Yi-peng,ZHANG Yan-ping(ed).Study on the recent deformation and dynamics of the lithosphere ofQinghai-Xizang plateau.Seismological Press,Beijing.251—262(in Chinese).
王椿镛,Mooney W D,王溪莉,等.2002.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究[J].地震学报,24(1):1—16.WANG Chun-yong,Mooney W D,WANG Xi-li,et al.2002.Study on3-D velocity structure of crust and upper mantlein Sichuan-Yunnan region,China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,24(1):1—16(in Chinese).
吴幸鸿.2002.红河断裂带地震活动以及东南亚地壳与上部地函构造之研究[D]:[学位论文].中国台北:中国台湾中央大学地球物理研究所.14—37.WU Xing-hong.2002.Study on seismicity of Red River Fault and the crustal-upper mantal structure in southeast Asia[D].Ph D thesis.Institute of Geophysics,Central University,Taiwan,China.14—37(in Chinese).
向宏发,徐锡伟,虢顺民,等.2002.丽江-小金河断裂第四纪以来的左旋逆推运动及其构造地质意义:陆内活动地块横向构造的屏蔽作用[J].地震地质,24(2):188—198.XIANG Hong-fa,XU Xi-wei,GUO Shun-min,et al.2002.Sinistral thrusting along the Lijiang-Xiaojinhe Fault sinceQuaternary and its geologic-tectonic significance:Shielding effect of transverse structure of intra-continental activeblock[J].Seismology and Geology,24(2):188—198(in Chinese).
向宏发,韩竹军,虢顺民,等.2004.红河断裂带大型右旋走滑运动定量研究的若干问题[J].地球科学进展,19(增刊):56—59.XIANG Hong-fa,HAN Zhu-jun,GUO Shun-min,et al.2004.Processing about quantitative study of large-scale strike-slip movement on Red River Fault zone[J].Advance in Earth Science,19(Suppl):56—59(in Chinese).
向宏发,虢顺民,张晚霞,等.2007.红河断裂带南段中新世以来大型右旋位错量的定量研究[J].地震地质,29(1):52—65.XIANG Hong-fa,GUO Shun-min,ZHANG Wan-xia,et al.2007.Quantitative study on the large-scale dextral strike-slip offset in the southern segment of the Red River Fault since Miocene[J].Seismology and Geology,29(1):52—65(in Chinese).
胥颐,刘建华,刘福田,等.2003.哀牢山-红河断裂带及其邻区的地壳上地幔结构[J].中国科学(D辑),33(12):1201—1208.XU Yi,LIUJian-hua,LIUFu-tian,et al.2003.The crust and upper mantle structure of Ailaoshan-Red River Fault andits vicinities[J].Science in China(Ser D),33(12):1201—1208(in Chinese).
詹文欢,丘学林,孙宗勋,等.2003.红河活动断裂带在南海西北部的反映[J].热带海洋学报,22(2):10—16.ZHAN Wen-huan,QIU Xue-lin,SUN Zong-xun,et al.2003.Red River active fault zone in northwestern South ChinaSea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,22(2):10—16(in Chinese).
张建国,汪良谋,徐煜坚,等.1993.红河断裂深部震源环境介质力学性质分析[J].地震地质,15(2):131—137.ZHANG Jian-guo,WANG Liang-mou,XU Yu-jian,et al.1993.Analysis of mechanical property of the medium underthe deep seismic source environment along Red River Fault[J].Seismology and Geology,15(2):131—137(inChinese).
张建国,皇甫岗,谢英情,等.2008.中越红河断裂考察与研究(一)[J].地震研究,31(4):362—368.ZHANG Jian-guo,HUANGFU Gang,XIE Ying-qing,et al.2008.Sino-Vietnam joint survey and study of Red RiverFault zone(Part1)[J].Journal of Seismological Research,31(4):362—368(in Chinese).
张培震,王琪.2001.中国大陆现今地壳运动和构造变形-速度场与活动地块[A].见:马宗晋,汪一鹏,张燕平主编.青藏高原岩石圈现今变动与动力学.北京:地震出版社.21—31.ZHANG Pei-zhen,WANG Qi.2001.Present-day crustal movement and tectonic deformation in continental China GPSvelocity field and active tectonic blocks[A].In:MA Zong-jin,WANG Yi-peng,ZHANG Yan-ping(ed).Studyon the recent deformation and dynamics of the lithosphere of Qinghai-Xizang plateau.Seismological Press,Beijing.21—31(in Chinese).
张培震,王琪,马宗晋.2002.青藏高原现今构造变形特征与GPS速度场[J].地学前缘,9(2):442—449.ZHANG Pei-zhen,WANG Qi,MA Zong-jin.2002.GPS velocity field and active crustal deformation in and around theQinghai-Tibet plateau[J].Earth Science Frontiers,9(2):442—449(in Chinese).
张培震,沈正康,王敏,等.2004.青藏高原及周边现今构造变形的运动学[J].地震地质,26(3):367—377.ZHANG Pei-zhen,SHENZheng-kang,Wang Min,et al.2004.Kinematics of present-day tectonic deformation of the Ti-betan plateau and its vicinities[J].Seismology and Geology,26(3):367—377(in Chinese).
周庆连,赵翠萍,修济刚,等.2008.川滇地区Lg波Q值层析成像[J].地球物理学报,51(6):1745—1752.ZHOU Qing-lian,ZHAO Cui-ping,XIUJi-gang,et al.2008.Tomography ofQLgin Sichuan-Yunnan zone[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,51(6):1745—1752(in Chinese).
Leloup P H,Lacassin R,Tapponnier P,et al.1995.The Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone(Yunnan,China),Tertiarytransform boundary of IndoChina[J].Tectonophysics,251:3—10.
Feigl K L,Duong Chi Cong,Becker M,et al.2003.Insignificant horizontal strain across the Red River Fault near ThacBa,Vietnam from GPS measurements1994-2000.EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly,Abstracts from the meetingheld in Nice,France,6-11April2003,abstract#4707.
Tapponnier P,Molnar P.1976.Slip-line field theory and large scale continental tectonics[J].Nature,264:319—324.
Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Ledain A Y,et al.1982.Propagation extrusion tectonics in Asia:New insights from simpleexperiments with plasticine[J].Geology,22(4):611—616.
Tapponnier P,Xu Z Q,Roger F,et al.2001.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Science,294:1671—1677.
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