基于BFGS算法的地层品质因子反演方法
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摘要
目前,油气勘探已经从简单构造勘探转向岩性勘探,今后勘探的主要地质目标之一是地层--岩性油气藏,Q值在地层--岩性油气勘探中有重要作用。为较好地估计地层的Q值,本文提出了基于BFGS算法和广义S变换的Q值估计方法。通过广义S变换得到不同旅行时刻的振幅谱,构造一个最优化问题,引入BFGS算法估计出地震品质因子。该方法可以在整个频带范围内计算振幅谱的互相关系数,避免了频带范围选择的问题,而且收敛速度更快。模拟算例和实际资料处理结果均表明,该方法可以有效快速地估计品质因子,并具有较好的抗噪性。
Oil and gas explorations have been shifting from simple structure exploration to lithological exploration,today.One of the major geological exploration targets is the stratigrarhic-lithological reservoirs in the future.The Q value is significant in stratigrarhic-lithological exploration.In order to estimate the Q value,we propose the Q value estimation method based on BFGS algorithm and generalized S-transform.We get amplitude spectrum of different travel times by generalized S-transform and constructing an optimization problem,and then use BFGS algorithm to estimate seismic quality factor.The method can calculate the cross correlation coefficients of amplitude spectrum in the whole band range and avoid the influence of the band range.The convergence speed of the BFGS method is faster.Simulated examples and actual data processed results show that the method estimated quality factor effectively with better anti-noise property.
Oil and gas explorations have been shifting from simple structure exploration to lithological exploration,today.One of the major geological exploration targets is the stratigrarhic-lithological reservoirs in the future.The Q value is significant in stratigrarhic-lithological exploration.In order to estimate the Q value,we propose the Q value estimation method based on BFGS algorithm and generalized S-transform.We get amplitude spectrum of different travel times by generalized S-transform and constructing an optimization problem,and then use BFGS algorithm to estimate seismic quality factor.The method can calculate the cross correlation coefficients of amplitude spectrum in the whole band range and avoid the influence of the band range.The convergence speed of the BFGS method is faster.Simulated examples and actual data processed results show that the method estimated quality factor effectively with better anti-noise property.
引文
[1]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:1-38.LI Qing-zhong.Leading for precise exploration[M].Bejing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993:1-38.
[2]Best A I,McCann C,Sothcott J.The relationships be-tween the velocities,attenuations and petrophysical prop-erties of reservoir sedimentary rocks[J].GeophysicalProspecting,1994,42(1):151-178.
[3]韩佳君,韩立国,巩向博,等.给予波动理论的近地表散射噪音衰减[J].世界地质,2010,29(2):310-313,322.HAN Jia-jun,HAN Li-guo,GONG Xiang-bo,et al.At-tenuation of near-surface scattering noise based on wavetheory[J].Global Geology,2010,29(2):310-313,322.
[4]Kjartansson E.Constant Q wave propagation and attenua-tion[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1979,84(4):4737-4748.
[5]QUAN You-li,Harris J M.Seismic attenuation tomo-graphy using the frequency shift method[J].Geophys-ics,1997,62(3):895-905.
[6]崔杰,韩立国,单刚义.含衰减的零偏移距VSP正演模拟及Q值的提取[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(2):125-129.CUI Jie,HAN Li-guo,SHAN Gang-yi.Zero-offset VSPforward modeling including attenuation and estimation ofQ[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edi-tion,2006,36(2):125-129.
[7]高静怀.谱相关系数法估计品质因子[C].北京:第23届中国地球物理学会年会,2008:147.GAO Jing-huai.Spectrum correlation coefficient estima-tion quality factor[C].Beijing:23rd China GeophysicalSociety's Annual Meeting,2008:147.
[8]黄飞,韩立国,张博,等.叠前PS波Q值提取与稳定高效的反Q滤波算法[J].世界地质,2012,31(1):178-186.HUANG Fei,HAN Li-guo,ZHANG Bo,et al.Extrac-tion of Q value from prestack PS-wave and a stable andefficient inverse Q filtering algorithm[J].Global Geolo-gy,2012,31(1):178-186.
[9]Dennis J E,Schnabel R B.Numerical methods for un-constrained optimization nonlinear equations[M].Phila-delphia:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,1996:1-30.
[10]谢政,李建平,汤泽滢.非线性最优化[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2003:167-206.XIE Zheng,LI Jian-ping,TANG Ze-ying.NonlinearOptimization[M].Changsha:National Defense Scienceand Technology University Press,2003:167-206。
[11]张静.一类新的非单调线性搜索BFGS算法[J].河北师范大学学报,2009,33(3):299-303.ZHANG Jing.A new non-monotone linear search BFGSalgorithm[J].Journal of Hebei Normal University,2009,33(3):299-303.
[12]Reine C,Van der Baan M,Roger C.The robustness ofseismic attenuation measurements using fixed and varia-ble-window time-frequency transforms[J].Geophysics,2009,74(2):123-135.
[13]Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.The S-transform with win-dows of arbitrary and varying shape[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):381-385.
[14]刁瑞,李振春,韩文功,等.基于广义S变换得吸收衰减分析技术在油气识别中的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(3):260-265.DIAO Rui,LI Zhen-chun,HAN Wen-gong,et al.Theapplication of attenuation analysis technique based ongeneralized S-transform in oil and gas identification[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petrolum,2011,50(3):260-265.
[15]刘喜武,张宁,勾永峰,等.地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析[J].世界地质,2008,23(3):743-753.LIU Xi-wu,ZHANG Ning,GOU Yong-feng,et al.Thecomparison and application of time-frequency analysismethods to seismic signal[J].Global Geology,2008,23(3):743-753.
[16]Powell M J D.Quadratic termination properties of mini-mization algorithm,PartⅠand PartⅡ[J].Journal ofthe Institute of Mathematics and its Applications,1972,10:333-357.
[17]刘陶文.BFGS方法及其在求解约束优化问题中的应用:博士学位论文[D].长沙:湖南大学,2006.LIU Tao-wen.BFGS method and its application in sol-ving constrained optimization problem:Ph'D dissertation[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2006.
[2]Best A I,McCann C,Sothcott J.The relationships be-tween the velocities,attenuations and petrophysical prop-erties of reservoir sedimentary rocks[J].GeophysicalProspecting,1994,42(1):151-178.
[3]韩佳君,韩立国,巩向博,等.给予波动理论的近地表散射噪音衰减[J].世界地质,2010,29(2):310-313,322.HAN Jia-jun,HAN Li-guo,GONG Xiang-bo,et al.At-tenuation of near-surface scattering noise based on wavetheory[J].Global Geology,2010,29(2):310-313,322.
[4]Kjartansson E.Constant Q wave propagation and attenua-tion[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1979,84(4):4737-4748.
[5]QUAN You-li,Harris J M.Seismic attenuation tomo-graphy using the frequency shift method[J].Geophys-ics,1997,62(3):895-905.
[6]崔杰,韩立国,单刚义.含衰减的零偏移距VSP正演模拟及Q值的提取[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(2):125-129.CUI Jie,HAN Li-guo,SHAN Gang-yi.Zero-offset VSPforward modeling including attenuation and estimation ofQ[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edi-tion,2006,36(2):125-129.
[7]高静怀.谱相关系数法估计品质因子[C].北京:第23届中国地球物理学会年会,2008:147.GAO Jing-huai.Spectrum correlation coefficient estima-tion quality factor[C].Beijing:23rd China GeophysicalSociety's Annual Meeting,2008:147.
[8]黄飞,韩立国,张博,等.叠前PS波Q值提取与稳定高效的反Q滤波算法[J].世界地质,2012,31(1):178-186.HUANG Fei,HAN Li-guo,ZHANG Bo,et al.Extrac-tion of Q value from prestack PS-wave and a stable andefficient inverse Q filtering algorithm[J].Global Geolo-gy,2012,31(1):178-186.
[9]Dennis J E,Schnabel R B.Numerical methods for un-constrained optimization nonlinear equations[M].Phila-delphia:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,1996:1-30.
[10]谢政,李建平,汤泽滢.非线性最优化[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2003:167-206.XIE Zheng,LI Jian-ping,TANG Ze-ying.NonlinearOptimization[M].Changsha:National Defense Scienceand Technology University Press,2003:167-206。
[11]张静.一类新的非单调线性搜索BFGS算法[J].河北师范大学学报,2009,33(3):299-303.ZHANG Jing.A new non-monotone linear search BFGSalgorithm[J].Journal of Hebei Normal University,2009,33(3):299-303.
[12]Reine C,Van der Baan M,Roger C.The robustness ofseismic attenuation measurements using fixed and varia-ble-window time-frequency transforms[J].Geophysics,2009,74(2):123-135.
[13]Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.The S-transform with win-dows of arbitrary and varying shape[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):381-385.
[14]刁瑞,李振春,韩文功,等.基于广义S变换得吸收衰减分析技术在油气识别中的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(3):260-265.DIAO Rui,LI Zhen-chun,HAN Wen-gong,et al.Theapplication of attenuation analysis technique based ongeneralized S-transform in oil and gas identification[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petrolum,2011,50(3):260-265.
[15]刘喜武,张宁,勾永峰,等.地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析[J].世界地质,2008,23(3):743-753.LIU Xi-wu,ZHANG Ning,GOU Yong-feng,et al.Thecomparison and application of time-frequency analysismethods to seismic signal[J].Global Geology,2008,23(3):743-753.
[16]Powell M J D.Quadratic termination properties of mini-mization algorithm,PartⅠand PartⅡ[J].Journal ofthe Institute of Mathematics and its Applications,1972,10:333-357.
[17]刘陶文.BFGS方法及其在求解约束优化问题中的应用:博士学位论文[D].长沙:湖南大学,2006.LIU Tao-wen.BFGS method and its application in sol-ving constrained optimization problem:Ph'D dissertation[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2006.
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