塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸走滑作用及其形成机理
摘要
雅克拉断凸是塔里木盆地含油气丰富且发现油气较早的地区之一。通过解释三维地震资料并结合区域地质资料,发现有多种证据表明该地区发生过走滑作用。平面上,研究区主干断裂附近区域发育众多小级别的断层,主要包括同向剪切断层和张性断层,它们表现为与主位移带呈一定角度的、延伸不长的雁列式断层系,断层系沿亚南断裂呈左阶式雁列排列,沿轮台断裂呈右阶式雁列排列;剖面上发现负花状构造样式,同时海豚效应与丝带效应明显。雅克拉断凸走滑作用始于燕山晚期运动,主要作用时期为喜马拉雅早期运动,止于喜马拉雅晚期运动。燕山中-晚期至喜马拉雅早期,因左旋扭应力与引张力合成的左旋张扭应力导致雅克拉断凸发生走滑作用并形成与之相关的伸展构造。
The Yakela faulted salient is a key area in the Tarim Basin where some economically important oil and gas have been discovered.The 3D seismic interpretations,in combination with the regional geological data,demonstrate that strike-slip movement occurred in the area.On plane view,many small faults are developed near the major faults,including concordant shear faults and extensional faults.These faults consist of echelon fault systems with a low-angle with the major movement direction and a limited length.The fault system along the Yanan fault is characterized by a left-step pattern,whereas a right-step pattern is shown along the Luntai fault.On sectional view,they consist of a negative flower-like structure with obvious dolphin and ribbon effects.The strike-slip movement initiated in the late Yanshanian,culminated in the early Himalayan,and terminated in the late Himalayan.The left-lateral transtensional stress from the joint action of the left-lateral shear stress and the tensile stress resulted in the strike-slip movement of the Yakelafult-salient and the deve-lopment of the associated extensional structures during the Middle-Late Yanshanian to the Early Himalayan.
The Yakela faulted salient is a key area in the Tarim Basin where some economically important oil and gas have been discovered.The 3D seismic interpretations,in combination with the regional geological data,demonstrate that strike-slip movement occurred in the area.On plane view,many small faults are developed near the major faults,including concordant shear faults and extensional faults.These faults consist of echelon fault systems with a low-angle with the major movement direction and a limited length.The fault system along the Yanan fault is characterized by a left-step pattern,whereas a right-step pattern is shown along the Luntai fault.On sectional view,they consist of a negative flower-like structure with obvious dolphin and ribbon effects.The strike-slip movement initiated in the late Yanshanian,culminated in the early Himalayan,and terminated in the late Himalayan.The left-lateral transtensional stress from the joint action of the left-lateral shear stress and the tensile stress resulted in the strike-slip movement of the Yakelafult-salient and the deve-lopment of the associated extensional structures during the Middle-Late Yanshanian to the Early Himalayan.
引文
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[11]于慧玲.天山南地区构造样式和演化特征分析[J].石油物探,2008,47(3):277-284.Yu Huiling.Analysis of structural patterns and evolution characteris-tics in south Tianshan area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petro-leum,2008,47(3):277-284.
[12]崔海峰,郑多明,董雪华,等.塔北隆起牙哈构造带断裂特征与油气成藏[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(1):73-76.Cui Haifeng,Zheng Duoming,Dong Xuehua,et al.Fault system andoil-gas accumulation in Yaha structural belt of Tabei uplift[J].Xin-jiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(1):73-76.
[13]黄太柱,严俊君.塔里木盆地北部构造样式[J].地球科学,1995,20(3):264-270.Huang Taizhu,Yan Junjun.Structural tytles of northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang[J].Earth Science,1995,20(3):264-270.
[14]吴晓智,李佰华,吕修祥,等.库车前陆盆地走滑断裂形成机理及其对油气的控制[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(2):118-121.Wu Xiaozhi,Li Baihua,LüXiuxiang,et al.Strike-slip fault system inKuqa foreland basin and its control on hydrocarbon[J].XinjiangPetro-leum Geology,2010,31(2):118-121.
[15]LüX,Li J,Zhao F.North-south differentiation of the hydrocarbon ac-cumulation pattern of carbonate reservoirs in the Yingmaili low up-lift,Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(3):499-508.
[16]耿玉海,李江海,贺电.塔里木盆地塔北隆起西部圈闭类型、分布及空间组合规律[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(2):193-200.Geng Yuhai,Li Jianghai,He Dian.Trap types,distribution and thelaw of spatial combination in the west Tabei uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2008,44(2):193-200.
[17]William J S,David A P,Wayne P W,et al.Wilson wrench fawlting inthe northern Pakistan foreland[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(11):2003-2030.
[18]胡玉双,齐仁理,魏亚荣,等.方正断陷中部发育走滑断层的地震证据及有利区带预测[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2010,40(6):1271-1277.Hu Yushuang,Qi Renli,Wei Yarong,et al.Seismic evidence ofstrike-slip faults in the middle of Fangzheng rift and favorable explo-ration areas[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2010,40(6):1271-1277.
[19]何登发.塔里木盆地的地层不整合面与油气聚集[J].石油学报,1995,16(3):14-21.He Dengfa.Unconformities and oil and gas accumulation in Tarim Ba-sin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1995,16(3):14-21.
[20]贾承造,魏国齐.塔里木盆地构造特征与含油气性[J].科学通报,2002,47(S1):1-8.Jia Chengzao,Wei Guoqi.Structural characteristics and petroliferousfeatures of Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2002,47(S1):1-8.
[21]张光亚,赵文智,王红军,等.塔里木盆地多旋回构造演化与复合含油气系统[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(5):653-663.Zhang Guangya,Zhao Wenzhi,Wang Hongjun,et al.Multicycle tec-tonic evolution and composite petroleum systems in the Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(5):653-663.
[22]He G,He Z,Zhang H,et al.Dual influence of the rejuvenation ofSouthern Tianshan and Western Kunlun orogen on the Cenozoicstructure deformation of Tarim Basin,northwestern China:a superpo-sition deformation model from Bachu Uplift[J].Journal of ZhejiangUniversity Science a,2007(9).
[23]张元厚,张世红,韩以贵,等.华熊地块马超营断裂走滑特征及演化[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(2):170-176.Zhang Yuanhou,Zhang Shihong,Han Yigui,et al.Strik-slip featuresof the Machaoying fault zone and its evolution in the Huaxiong terra-ne,southern North China Craton[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2006,36(2):170-176.
[24]Jia C,Wei G.Structural characteristics and petroliferous features ofTarim Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2002,47(S1):1-11.
[25]Chen S,Tang L,Jin Z,et al.Thrust and fold tectonics and the role ofevaporites in deformation in the Western Kuqa Foreland of Tarim Ba-sin,Northwest China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(8):1027-1042.
[26]王海荣,尚楠,高伯南,等.挠曲作用的形变响应及其识别特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(5):22-27.Wang Hairong,Shang Nan,Gao Bonan,et al.Deforming responsesand its identification characteristics of flexing[J].Journal of ChinaUniversity of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2008,32(5):22-27.
[2]崔泽宏,王志欣,汤良杰,等.塔北隆起北部正断层的成因机制及地质意义[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,21(1):1-6.Cui Zehong,Wang Zhixin,Tang Liangjie,et al.Genetic mechanismand geological significance of normal faults in northern north Tarimuprift[J].Journal of Xian Shiyou University(Natural Science Edi-tion),2006,21(1):1-6.
[3]陈楚铭,卢华复,王国强,等.塔里木盆地塔北隆起叠加构造分析[J].高校地质学报,1998,4(3):294-302.Chen Chuming,Lu Huafu,Wang Guoqiang,et al.Analyses of supe-rimposed structures in the north Tarim uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Geo-logical Journal of China Universities,1998,4(3):294-302.
[4]汤良杰,金之钧,张一伟,等.塔里木盆地北部隆起负反转构造及其地质意义[J].现代地质,1999,13(1):93-98.Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun,Zhang Yiwei,et al.Negative inversionstructures and geological significance of northern uplift,the Tarim Ba-sin,northwestern China[J].Geoscience,1999,13(1):93-98.
[5]安海亭,李海银,王建忠,等.塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):142-147.An Haiting,Li Haiyin,Wang Jianzhong,et al.Tectonic evolution andits controlling on oil and gas accumulation in the northern Tarim Ba-sin[j].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):142-147.
[6]侯旭波,吴智平,李伟.济阳坳陷中生代负反转构造发育特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(1):18-23.Hou Xubo,Wu Zhiping,Li Wei.Development characteristics of Meso-zoic negative inversion structures in Jiyang Depression[J].Journal ofChina University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2010,34(1):18-23.
[7]汤良杰,金之钧.负反转断裂主反转期和反转强度分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999,23(6):1-5.Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun.Analysis on main inversion phase and in-tensity of negative inversion fault[J].Journal of the University of Pe-troleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),1999,23(6):1-5.
[8]魏国齐,贾承造,施央申,等.塔北隆起北部中新生界张扭性断裂系统特征[J].石油学报,2001,22(1):19-24.Wei Guoqi,Jia Chengzao,Shi Yangshen,et al.Tectonic characteris-tics and petroleum accumulation in extensional-shear fault system inMesozoic-Cenozoic formations in the northern area of Tabei uplift,Ta-rim[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(1):19-24.
[9]刘学锋,时卫东,彭德堂,等.塔北隆起张性构造带形成机制与油气关系[J].新疆石油地质,1997,18(1):13-17.Liu Xuefeng,Shi Weidong,Peng Detang,et al.Forming mechanism oftensional tectonics belt and the relation with hydrocarbon in Tabeiuplift[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1997,18(1):13-17.
[10]杨春林,吴奇之,夏义平.塔里木盆地北部隆起中、新生界张扭断裂系统成因及其油气聚集的作用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(4):461-468.Yang Chunlin,Wu Qizhi,and Xia Yiping.The origin of Mesozoic-Ce-nozoic extension torsional fault system in the north positive element inthe Tarim Basin,and its role in accumulating oil and gas[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,2000,35(4):461-468.
[11]于慧玲.天山南地区构造样式和演化特征分析[J].石油物探,2008,47(3):277-284.Yu Huiling.Analysis of structural patterns and evolution characteris-tics in south Tianshan area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petro-leum,2008,47(3):277-284.
[12]崔海峰,郑多明,董雪华,等.塔北隆起牙哈构造带断裂特征与油气成藏[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(1):73-76.Cui Haifeng,Zheng Duoming,Dong Xuehua,et al.Fault system andoil-gas accumulation in Yaha structural belt of Tabei uplift[J].Xin-jiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(1):73-76.
[13]黄太柱,严俊君.塔里木盆地北部构造样式[J].地球科学,1995,20(3):264-270.Huang Taizhu,Yan Junjun.Structural tytles of northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang[J].Earth Science,1995,20(3):264-270.
[14]吴晓智,李佰华,吕修祥,等.库车前陆盆地走滑断裂形成机理及其对油气的控制[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(2):118-121.Wu Xiaozhi,Li Baihua,LüXiuxiang,et al.Strike-slip fault system inKuqa foreland basin and its control on hydrocarbon[J].XinjiangPetro-leum Geology,2010,31(2):118-121.
[15]LüX,Li J,Zhao F.North-south differentiation of the hydrocarbon ac-cumulation pattern of carbonate reservoirs in the Yingmaili low up-lift,Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(3):499-508.
[16]耿玉海,李江海,贺电.塔里木盆地塔北隆起西部圈闭类型、分布及空间组合规律[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(2):193-200.Geng Yuhai,Li Jianghai,He Dian.Trap types,distribution and thelaw of spatial combination in the west Tabei uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2008,44(2):193-200.
[17]William J S,David A P,Wayne P W,et al.Wilson wrench fawlting inthe northern Pakistan foreland[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(11):2003-2030.
[18]胡玉双,齐仁理,魏亚荣,等.方正断陷中部发育走滑断层的地震证据及有利区带预测[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2010,40(6):1271-1277.Hu Yushuang,Qi Renli,Wei Yarong,et al.Seismic evidence ofstrike-slip faults in the middle of Fangzheng rift and favorable explo-ration areas[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2010,40(6):1271-1277.
[19]何登发.塔里木盆地的地层不整合面与油气聚集[J].石油学报,1995,16(3):14-21.He Dengfa.Unconformities and oil and gas accumulation in Tarim Ba-sin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1995,16(3):14-21.
[20]贾承造,魏国齐.塔里木盆地构造特征与含油气性[J].科学通报,2002,47(S1):1-8.Jia Chengzao,Wei Guoqi.Structural characteristics and petroliferousfeatures of Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2002,47(S1):1-8.
[21]张光亚,赵文智,王红军,等.塔里木盆地多旋回构造演化与复合含油气系统[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(5):653-663.Zhang Guangya,Zhao Wenzhi,Wang Hongjun,et al.Multicycle tec-tonic evolution and composite petroleum systems in the Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(5):653-663.
[22]He G,He Z,Zhang H,et al.Dual influence of the rejuvenation ofSouthern Tianshan and Western Kunlun orogen on the Cenozoicstructure deformation of Tarim Basin,northwestern China:a superpo-sition deformation model from Bachu Uplift[J].Journal of ZhejiangUniversity Science a,2007(9).
[23]张元厚,张世红,韩以贵,等.华熊地块马超营断裂走滑特征及演化[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(2):170-176.Zhang Yuanhou,Zhang Shihong,Han Yigui,et al.Strik-slip featuresof the Machaoying fault zone and its evolution in the Huaxiong terra-ne,southern North China Craton[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2006,36(2):170-176.
[24]Jia C,Wei G.Structural characteristics and petroliferous features ofTarim Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2002,47(S1):1-11.
[25]Chen S,Tang L,Jin Z,et al.Thrust and fold tectonics and the role ofevaporites in deformation in the Western Kuqa Foreland of Tarim Ba-sin,Northwest China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(8):1027-1042.
[26]王海荣,尚楠,高伯南,等.挠曲作用的形变响应及其识别特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(5):22-27.Wang Hairong,Shang Nan,Gao Bonan,et al.Deforming responsesand its identification characteristics of flexing[J].Journal of ChinaUniversity of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2008,32(5):22-27.
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