基于FEPG的构造裂缝数值仿真与分析
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摘要
利用有限元数值模拟技术对油气田深部储层构造裂缝进行仿真和预测分析是一种非常有效的办法。传统的仿真方法中,由于控制条件多来源于实验室实测结果,虽然结果较为准确,但是存在以点代面、成本过高等缺陷。选择大庆油田一个深部油气层作为研究目标,探索在地质构造裂缝的仿真预测中边界控制条件的选择问题。首先利用实验室实测力学参数建立初始模型,然后通过反演18条地震剖面的伸展情况获得该地层变形情况,并将反演结果作为仿真构造应力场的边界控制条件,进而在开源的有限元软件FEPG上进行仿真,从而避免了传统方法中因单纯以岩石实验结果作为控制条件而导致的以点代面和成本过高等不利因素,仿真结果与钻井数据统计结果基本一致。仿真结果表明,预测的构造裂缝发育主要集中在构造高位置以及断层附近,裂缝方向有较明显的规律性,优势方向与本区断层带走向基本一致,在相邻的断层之间,裂缝发育方向变化较大。仿真也为明确裂缝分布规律及油气勘探提供了理论指导和技术支持。
Numerical simulation technique is a valid way to quantitatively predict parameters of structural fractures in a reservoir.In traditional simulation methods,as controlling conditions from experimental results,the simulation precision is very high but with some defects,such as high cost,point replacing surface,and so on.This paper targets at one deep oil formation of Daqing oil field to explore how to use controlling conditions in the simulation and analysis of geology structural fractures.Firstly,the initial model is built using mechanics parameters got in lab.Secondly,the formation deformation is obtained by the retrieval extension of 18 seismic sections,and then selects the result of faults inversion as controlling conditions.Finally,simulate it on the open finite element analysis software,FEPG.Thus,the unfavorable factors,high cost and point replacing surface in traditional simulation methods is avoided.The simulation results have shown satisfaction with statistical results of drilling data.The results show that structural fractures developed area are centralized at the range in structural high and near fault,significant regularity can be found for the fracture direction,and the superior direction of fractures is near NS direction which is coincided with the direction of fault zone in Anda area,while great variation changed of the fracture development orientation in the area of two faults.
Numerical simulation technique is a valid way to quantitatively predict parameters of structural fractures in a reservoir.In traditional simulation methods,as controlling conditions from experimental results,the simulation precision is very high but with some defects,such as high cost,point replacing surface,and so on.This paper targets at one deep oil formation of Daqing oil field to explore how to use controlling conditions in the simulation and analysis of geology structural fractures.Firstly,the initial model is built using mechanics parameters got in lab.Secondly,the formation deformation is obtained by the retrieval extension of 18 seismic sections,and then selects the result of faults inversion as controlling conditions.Finally,simulate it on the open finite element analysis software,FEPG.Thus,the unfavorable factors,high cost and point replacing surface in traditional simulation methods is avoided.The simulation results have shown satisfaction with statistical results of drilling data.The results show that structural fractures developed area are centralized at the range in structural high and near fault,significant regularity can be found for the fracture direction,and the superior direction of fractures is near NS direction which is coincided with the direction of fault zone in Anda area,while great variation changed of the fracture development orientation in the area of two faults.
引文
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[7]杨少春,郭智,刘金华,等.商741火成岩区构造应力场模拟及裂缝预测[J].断块油气田,2011(3):277-280.YANG Shao-chun,GUO Zhi,LIU Jin-hua,et al.Tectonic stress field simulation and fracture prediction in Shang741igneous rock area[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2011(3):277-280.
[8]丁文龙,樊太亮,黄晓波,等.塔中地区中—下奥陶统古构造应力场模拟与裂缝储层有利区预测[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010(5):1-6.DING Wen-long,FAN Tai-liang,HUANG Xiao-bo,et al.Paleo-structural stress field simulation for Middle-Lower Ordovician in Tazhong area and favorable area prediction of fractured reservoirs[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Natural Science Edition,2010(5):1-6.
[9]沈国华.有限元数值模拟方法在构造裂缝预测中的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2008(4):24-26+29+112.SHEN Guo-hua.Application of the finite element numerical simulation method in fracture prediction[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2008(4):24-26+29+112.
[10]文世鹏,李德同.储层构造裂缝数值模拟技术[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1996,20(5):17-24.WEN Shi-peng,LI De-tong.Numerical simulation technology for structural fracture of reservoir[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum:Natural Science Edition,1996,20(5):17-24.
[11]谭成轩,王连捷.三维构造应力场数值模拟在含油气盆地构造裂缝分析中应用初探[J].地球学报,1999,20(4):392-394.TAN Cheng-xuan,WANG Lian-jie.An approach to the application of3-d tectonic stress field numerical simulation in struc-tural fissure analysis of the oil-gas-bearing basin[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,1999,20(4):392-394.
[12]郭科,胥泽银,倪根生.用主曲率法研究裂缝性油气藏[J].物探化探计算技术,1981(2):15-18.GUO Ke,XU Ze-yin,NI Geng-sheng.Research on the main curvature method and its application to cracky oil-gas deposits[J].Computing Techniques for Giophysical and Geochenical Exploration,1981(2):15-18.
[13]邓攀,魏国齐,杨泳.储层构造裂缝定量预测中地质数学模型的建立与应用研究[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(4):480-484.DENG Pan,WEI Guo-qi,YANG Yong.Establishment and research of three-dimensional geological and mathematical model for quantitative prediction of structural fracture[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(4):480-484.
[14]张帆,贺振华.预测裂缝发育带的构造应力场数值模拟技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,35(2):154-163.ZHANG Fan,HE Zhen-hua.Structural stress field numerical simulation technique for fracture zone prediction[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2002,35(2):154-163.
[15]丁中一,钱祥麟,霍红.构造裂缝定量预测的一种新方法—二元法[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,19(1):1-7.DING Zhong-yi,QIAN Xiang-lin,HUO Hong.A new method for quantitative prediction of tectonic fractures two factor method[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1998,19(1):1-7.
[2]黄光玉,卢双舫,杨峰平.曲率法在松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组地层裂缝预测中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2003,27(4):8-11.HUANG Guang-yu,LU Shuang-fang,YANG Feng-ping.Application of curvature method to fissure forecast of the Yingcheng formation stratum of Xujiaweizi fault depression[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2003,27(4):8-11.
[3]张世清.隧道地下风机房洞室群围岩稳定性三维有限元模拟[J].西安科技大学学报,2012(6):702-706.ZHANG Shi-qing.FEM simulation analysis on surrounding rock stability of tunnel fan room cavern group[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2012(6):702-706.
[4]吴全友,刘兵.深水区高墩大跨预应力混凝土连续刚构桥弹性地震响应研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2012(2):221-227.WU Quan-you,LIU Bing.Seismic response of prestressing concrete rigid frame bridges with high piers and long span in deep water[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2012(2):221-227.
[5]郭秉山,何玮,闫月梅.薄壁钢箱梁考虑加劲肋构造剪力滞效应的计算[J].西安科技大学学报,2012(5):617-621.GUO Bing-shan,HE Wei,YAN Yue-mei.Calculation of shear lag effect on thin-walled box girder by considering arrangement of stiffening rib[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2012(5):617-621.
[6]张建良.金湖凹陷卞东油田灰岩-砂岩混积岩储层应力场模拟及裂缝预测研究[J].石油天然气学报,2012(5):30-34+48+3.ZHANG Jian-liang.Stress field simulation and fracture forecast in lime-sandstone diamictite reservoirs of Biandong Oilfield in Jinhu sag[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2012(5):30-34+48+3.
[7]杨少春,郭智,刘金华,等.商741火成岩区构造应力场模拟及裂缝预测[J].断块油气田,2011(3):277-280.YANG Shao-chun,GUO Zhi,LIU Jin-hua,et al.Tectonic stress field simulation and fracture prediction in Shang741igneous rock area[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2011(3):277-280.
[8]丁文龙,樊太亮,黄晓波,等.塔中地区中—下奥陶统古构造应力场模拟与裂缝储层有利区预测[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010(5):1-6.DING Wen-long,FAN Tai-liang,HUANG Xiao-bo,et al.Paleo-structural stress field simulation for Middle-Lower Ordovician in Tazhong area and favorable area prediction of fractured reservoirs[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Natural Science Edition,2010(5):1-6.
[9]沈国华.有限元数值模拟方法在构造裂缝预测中的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2008(4):24-26+29+112.SHEN Guo-hua.Application of the finite element numerical simulation method in fracture prediction[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2008(4):24-26+29+112.
[10]文世鹏,李德同.储层构造裂缝数值模拟技术[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1996,20(5):17-24.WEN Shi-peng,LI De-tong.Numerical simulation technology for structural fracture of reservoir[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum:Natural Science Edition,1996,20(5):17-24.
[11]谭成轩,王连捷.三维构造应力场数值模拟在含油气盆地构造裂缝分析中应用初探[J].地球学报,1999,20(4):392-394.TAN Cheng-xuan,WANG Lian-jie.An approach to the application of3-d tectonic stress field numerical simulation in struc-tural fissure analysis of the oil-gas-bearing basin[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,1999,20(4):392-394.
[12]郭科,胥泽银,倪根生.用主曲率法研究裂缝性油气藏[J].物探化探计算技术,1981(2):15-18.GUO Ke,XU Ze-yin,NI Geng-sheng.Research on the main curvature method and its application to cracky oil-gas deposits[J].Computing Techniques for Giophysical and Geochenical Exploration,1981(2):15-18.
[13]邓攀,魏国齐,杨泳.储层构造裂缝定量预测中地质数学模型的建立与应用研究[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(4):480-484.DENG Pan,WEI Guo-qi,YANG Yong.Establishment and research of three-dimensional geological and mathematical model for quantitative prediction of structural fracture[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(4):480-484.
[14]张帆,贺振华.预测裂缝发育带的构造应力场数值模拟技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,35(2):154-163.ZHANG Fan,HE Zhen-hua.Structural stress field numerical simulation technique for fracture zone prediction[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2002,35(2):154-163.
[15]丁中一,钱祥麟,霍红.构造裂缝定量预测的一种新方法—二元法[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,19(1):1-7.DING Zhong-yi,QIAN Xiang-lin,HUO Hong.A new method for quantitative prediction of tectonic fractures two factor method[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1998,19(1):1-7.
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