库车前陆冲断带深层盐下大气田的勘探和发现
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摘要
克拉2气田发现之后,库车前陆冲断带油气勘探一度陷入低谷,油气勘探陷入两难:中浅层除克拉2气藏外,没有新的可钻探圈闭发现,失去方向;构想进攻深层,又面临勘探遭遇复杂、地质认识不清、圈闭落实困难、技术储备不足等困境。针对上述难题,一是重新认识库车含盐前陆冲断带,坚定勘探信心,锁定克拉苏构造带盐下深层勘探主攻领域;二是开展宽线大组合、三维采集处理、盐相关构造建模、相控速度建场等地震、地质一体化技术攻关,发现克深—大北区带,新发现、落实一大批可钻探圈闭;三是强化钻井技术攻关,成功实现盐下超深高压高温气藏高效快速钻进。十年来,克拉苏构造带勘探深度从4000m拓深至8000m,发现了克深2、博孜1等多个大型气田,克深区带万亿立方米天然气资源逐渐明朗。克拉苏深层盐下大气田勘探突破得益于地质认识的创新、勘探技术的进步和锲而不舍的勘探实践。
After the discovery of Kela-2 gas field, exploration for oil and gas hit bottom in Kuqa Foreland Thrust Belt. Except for Kela-2 gas reservoir, no new boreable traps were discovered. To explore deep oil and gas fields was also faced with such difficulties as geologic complexity, difficult trapping, and lag in technology. To solve the difficulties above, first is to rediscover Kuqa Foreland Thrust Belt, be confident in exploration, and identify main exploration areas; second is to develop seismic and geologic integration technology such as wide line combination, 3D acquisition and processing, modeling of the structure relevant to salt, and phase velocity field building, to discover Keshen-Dabei zone, and to discover and fulfill some drillable traps; third is to intensify development of drilling technology and fulfill efficient and rapid drilling in subsalt ultra-deep, high-pressure and high-temperature gas reservoir. In the past ten years, the exploration depth of Kelasu structural belt was increased from 4000m to 8000m, several large gas fields including Keshen 2 and Bozi 1 gas fields were discovered, and one trillion cubic meters of natural gas resources were gradually identified in Keshen zone. Breakthroughs in exploration of large and deep subsalt gas fields here benefits from innovation of geologic recognition, improvement of exploration techniques, and perseverant exploration practice.
After the discovery of Kela-2 gas field, exploration for oil and gas hit bottom in Kuqa Foreland Thrust Belt. Except for Kela-2 gas reservoir, no new boreable traps were discovered. To explore deep oil and gas fields was also faced with such difficulties as geologic complexity, difficult trapping, and lag in technology. To solve the difficulties above, first is to rediscover Kuqa Foreland Thrust Belt, be confident in exploration, and identify main exploration areas; second is to develop seismic and geologic integration technology such as wide line combination, 3D acquisition and processing, modeling of the structure relevant to salt, and phase velocity field building, to discover Keshen-Dabei zone, and to discover and fulfill some drillable traps; third is to intensify development of drilling technology and fulfill efficient and rapid drilling in subsalt ultra-deep, high-pressure and high-temperature gas reservoir. In the past ten years, the exploration depth of Kelasu structural belt was increased from 4000m to 8000m, several large gas fields including Keshen 2 and Bozi 1 gas fields were discovered, and one trillion cubic meters of natural gas resources were gradually identified in Keshen zone. Breakthroughs in exploration of large and deep subsalt gas fields here benefits from innovation of geologic recognition, improvement of exploration techniques, and perseverant exploration practice.
引文
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[19]李世川,成荣红,王勇,等.库车坳陷大北1气藏白垩系储层裂缝发育规律[J].天然气工业,2012,32(10):24～27.
[20]梁向豪,李书君,吴超,等.库车大北构造带三维叠前深度偏移处理解释技术[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(5-6):8～13.
[21]赵力彬,石石,肖香姣,等.库车坳陷克深2气藏裂缝—孔隙型砂岩储层地质建模方法[J].天然气工业,2012,32(10):10～13.
[22]熊翥.我国西部与盐岩有关构造油气勘探地震技术的几点思考[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(2):77～80.
[2]杜金虎,何海清,皮学军,等.中国石油风险勘探的战略发现与成功做法[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(1):1～8.
[3]雷刚林,谢会文,张敬洲,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带构造特征及天然气勘探[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):816～820.
[4]梁顺军,肖宇,刁永波,等.库车坳陷山地复杂构造速度场研究及其应用效果[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(4):59～64.
[5]能源,谢会文,孙太荣,等.克拉苏构造带克深段构造特征及其石油地质意义[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(1):1～6.
[6]梁顺军,肖宇.库车坳陷西秋构造带盐下低幅度构造圈闭研究及勘探思路[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(1):19～24.
[7]漆家福,雷刚林,李明刚,等.库车坳陷—南天山盆山过渡带的收缩构造变形模式[J].地学前缘,2009,16(3):120～128.
[8]陈发景,汪新文,陈昭年,等.中国中—新生代前陆盆地的构造特征和地球动力学[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,1996,21(4):366～372.
[9]雷振宇.中国中西部类前陆盆地与典型前陆盆地类比及其油气勘探前景[J].地球学报,2001,22(2):169～174.
[10]徐振平,李勇,马玉杰,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷中部构造单元划分新方案与天然气勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2011,31(3):31～36.
[11]刘志宏,卢华复,等.库车再生前陆盆地的构造与油气[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):297～303.
[12]能源,漆家福,谢会文,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷北部边缘构造特征[J].地质通报,2012,31(9):1510～1519.
[13]贾承造,周新源,王招明,等.克拉2气田的发现及勘探技术[J].中国石油勘探,2002,7(1):79～88.
[14]吕修祥,金之钧,周新源,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷与膏盐岩相关的油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(4):20～21.
[15]黄少英,王月然,魏红兴.塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐构造特征及形成演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):117～123.
[16]汪新,唐鹏程,谢会文,等.库车坳陷西段新生代盐构造特征及演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):57～65.
[17]邬光辉,蔡振中,赵宽志,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐构造成因机制探讨[J].新疆地质,2006,24(2):182～186.
[18]Brent A Couzens-Schultz,Bruno C Vendeville,David V Wiltschko.Duplex style and triangle zone formation:insights from physical modeling.Journal of Structural Geology,25(2003):1623～1644.
[19]李世川,成荣红,王勇,等.库车坳陷大北1气藏白垩系储层裂缝发育规律[J].天然气工业,2012,32(10):24～27.
[20]梁向豪,李书君,吴超,等.库车大北构造带三维叠前深度偏移处理解释技术[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(5-6):8～13.
[21]赵力彬,石石,肖香姣,等.库车坳陷克深2气藏裂缝—孔隙型砂岩储层地质建模方法[J].天然气工业,2012,32(10):10～13.
[22]熊翥.我国西部与盐岩有关构造油气勘探地震技术的几点思考[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(2):77～80.
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