基于叠前方位振幅的大港—埕海地区奥陶系风化壳裂缝储层的叠前预测
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摘要
P波通过裂缝地层传播时,其响应会随着地面观测方位的变化而变化,表现出明显的方位各向异性.这种随方位变化的裂缝响应信息(如振幅等)广泛存在于叠前方位—偏移距二维空间域中,检测此域中的裂缝响应,通过椭圆拟合的方法识别各向异性的存在,进而计算裂缝的方向——椭圆长轴的方向,和裂缝密度——椭圆长轴与短轴的比.本文研究出了一种基于常规叠前地震反射振幅来检测裂缝的三维叠前裂缝储层预测方法.它采用面元组合的方法扩大方位角和偏移距范围;采用多级数据控制技术获取所需的信息;采用稳妥的技术步骤来预测.通过大港油田实际工区的应用,结果表明本文研究出的方法技术应用效果好、精度高、经济实用.
The seismic response of P-wave,which is propagated through the media of fracture layer,is varied with the orientation of seismic field survey line.It appears out a conspicuous characteristic of anisotropy.This kind of anisotropic information exist widely in the prestack seismic data with two dimension domain of azimuth and offset.we can detect the seismic response information of the crack,then do the ellipse fitting for the information,then calculate the fracture direction—the direction of long axis of ellipse,and the fracture density—the ratio of long axis of the ellipse to the short axis of the ellipse.In this paper,we have developed a three dimension(3D) prestack estimation way of fracture reservoir bed,based on conventional P-wave prestack seismic data which is reflective amplitude data.It extends the azimuthal range and offset range of seismic data by bin-combining,it obtains the necessary data information by data multi-level control,it predicts fractures by the conservative steps.The results from real data shows that this method and technique has a good effect and is a high-precision and economical means.
The seismic response of P-wave,which is propagated through the media of fracture layer,is varied with the orientation of seismic field survey line.It appears out a conspicuous characteristic of anisotropy.This kind of anisotropic information exist widely in the prestack seismic data with two dimension domain of azimuth and offset.we can detect the seismic response information of the crack,then do the ellipse fitting for the information,then calculate the fracture direction—the direction of long axis of ellipse,and the fracture density—the ratio of long axis of the ellipse to the short axis of the ellipse.In this paper,we have developed a three dimension(3D) prestack estimation way of fracture reservoir bed,based on conventional P-wave prestack seismic data which is reflective amplitude data.It extends the azimuthal range and offset range of seismic data by bin-combining,it obtains the necessary data information by data multi-level control,it predicts fractures by the conservative steps.The results from real data shows that this method and technique has a good effect and is a high-precision and economical means.
引文
[1]穆龙新,赵国良,田中元,原瑞娥,许安著.储层裂缝预测研究.北京:石油工业出版社.Mu LongXin,Zhao GuoLiang,Tian Zhong Yuan,Yuan RuiE,Xu AnZhu.The study of reservoir fracture prediction,Beijing:Oil Industry Press.
[2]贺振华,黄德济,文晓涛等.裂缝型油气藏地球物理预测.成都:四川科学技术出版社.He ZhengHua,Huang DeJi,Wen XiaoTao,etc..Fractureoil&gas reservoir geophysical predicti-On.Chengdu:Si Chuanscience&technique press.
[3]Li Teng,GaryMavko.Fracture signatures on P-wave AVOZ.SEG Expanded Abstracts 15,1818-1821(1996).Li Teng,GaryMavko.,996,Fracture signatures on P-waveAVOZ.SEG Expanded Abstracts 15,1818-1821.
[4]唐湘蓉,李晶.构造应力场有限元数值模拟在裂缝预测中的应用.特种油气藏,2005,12(2):25-28.Tang XiangRong,Li Jing,2005,Application of finite elementnumerical simulation of tectonic stress field in fractureprediction.Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,12(2):25-28.
[5]朱庆杰,李蔓,陈永忠.地应力原理在欢50块应力裂缝发育区预测中的应用.特种油气藏,2000,7(1):10-13.Zhu QingJie,Li Man,Chen YongZhong,2000,Application ofgeotensile theory in predicting tensile fracture developing areaof Huan 50fault block.Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2000,7(1):10-13.
[6]景件恩,魏文博,梅忠武等.裂缝型碳酸盐岩储层测井评价方法—以塔河油田为例[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):78-82.JING Jian-en,WEI Wen-bo,MEI Zhong-wu,LI Zhou-bo.Method of Well-logging interpretation for fracture reservoirs ofcarbonate rock-A case study in Tahe oil-field,Progress inGeophysics,2005,20(1):78-82.
[7]黄新武,,龚姚进,刘纯高.柴达木盆地油泉子油田储层构造裂缝定量预测.钻采工艺,2002,25(5):89-94.Huang XinWu,GongYaoJin,Liu ChunGaoThe quantitativestructure craks prediction of reservoir bed of You Quan Zi oilfield in Cai Da Mu basin,Drilling&Production Technology,2002,25(5):89-94.
[8]梁兵,王焕弟.储层微裂缝预测技术.石油地球物理勘探.2003,38(4):400-404.Liang Bing,Wang HuanDi,2003,Prediction of micro-fracturesin reservoir.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,38(4):400-404.
[9]蔡正旗,,蔡矿,徐志明,刘宏,朱轶.川东三岔坪潜伏构造石炭系储层特征及有利区预测.天然气地球科学,2005,16(6):716-718.Cai ZhengQi,Cai Kuang,Xu ZhiMing,Liu Hong,Zhu Yi,2005,CARBONIFEROUS RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS INSANCHAPING BURIED STRUCTURE IN THE EAST OFSICHUAN AND PRIDICTION FOR FAVOURABLEEXPLORATION AREA.Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(6):716-718.
[10]陶洪辉,秦国伟,徐文波,宫军.地层主曲率在研究储层裂缝发育中的应用.新疆石油天然气,2005,1(2):22-24.Tao Hong Hui,Qin GuoWei,Xu WenBo,Gong Jun,2005,THE APPLICATION OF PRINCIPAL CURVATURES INSTUDY IN RESERVOIR FRACTURE.Xinjiang Oil&Gas,2005,1(2):22-24.
[11]刘莉,崔丽颖,杨旭等.地层主应力的确定及在低渗透油田开发中的应用,测井技术,2001,25(5):373-376.Liu Li,Cui LiYing,Yang Xu,etc.,2001,Determina-tion ofFormation Stress and Its Applications in Low PermeableOilfield Development.Well Logging Technology,2001,25(5):373-376.
[12]梁利喜,,许强,刘向君,,陈杰,刘洪.基于测井资料研究裂缝性储层的岩石强度特征.西部探矿工程,2005年增刊,130-131.Liang LiXi,Xu Qiang,Liu XiangJun,Chen Jie,Liu Hong,2005,A study of rock strength characteristic of fracturedreservoir based on well log data.West-china ExplorationEngineering,2005,supplement,130-31.
[13]康义逵,任文清,朱用斌等.极值主曲率法预测天然裂缝发育带的方法与实践.油气井测试,2002,11(4):22-26.Kang YiKui,Ren WenQing,Zhu YongBin,etc.,2002,Method and Practice of the Extremum Main CurvityForecasting Natural Fracture Zones.Well Testing,2002,11(4):22-26.
[14]甘其刚,高志平.宽方位AVA裂缝检测技术应用研究.天然气工业,2005,25(5):42-43.Gan QiGang,Gao ZhiPing,2005,APPLICATION OF AVAFRACTURE DETECTION TECHNIQUE,Natural GasIndustry,2005,25(5):42-43.
[15]杨凤丽,周祖翼.利用地震方法预测潜山裂缝性油气储层.高校地质学报,1999,5(3):322-327.Yang FengLi,Zhou ZuYi,1999,PREDICTINGFRACTURED RESERVOIRS IN BURIAL HILL POOLWITH SEISMIC METHODS:A CASE STUDY INSOUTHERN BOHAI BASIN.GEOL-OGICAL JOURNALOF CHINA UNIVERSITIESF,1999,5(3):322-27.
[16]王恩利,刘军迎,韩立国等.一种改进型C3相干算法.西北地震学报,2009,31(3):217-220.Wang EnLi,Liu JunYing,Han LiGuo,etc.,2009,AImproved Method of C3Coherence Algorithm.NorthwesternSeismological Journal,2009,31(3):217-220.
[17]黄伟传,杨长春,王彦飞.利用叠前地震数据预测裂缝储层的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1602-1606.HUANG Wei-chuan,YANG Chang-chun.The application ofpre-stack seismic data in predicting the fractured reservoir.Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1602-1606.
[2]贺振华,黄德济,文晓涛等.裂缝型油气藏地球物理预测.成都:四川科学技术出版社.He ZhengHua,Huang DeJi,Wen XiaoTao,etc..Fractureoil&gas reservoir geophysical predicti-On.Chengdu:Si Chuanscience&technique press.
[3]Li Teng,GaryMavko.Fracture signatures on P-wave AVOZ.SEG Expanded Abstracts 15,1818-1821(1996).Li Teng,GaryMavko.,996,Fracture signatures on P-waveAVOZ.SEG Expanded Abstracts 15,1818-1821.
[4]唐湘蓉,李晶.构造应力场有限元数值模拟在裂缝预测中的应用.特种油气藏,2005,12(2):25-28.Tang XiangRong,Li Jing,2005,Application of finite elementnumerical simulation of tectonic stress field in fractureprediction.Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,12(2):25-28.
[5]朱庆杰,李蔓,陈永忠.地应力原理在欢50块应力裂缝发育区预测中的应用.特种油气藏,2000,7(1):10-13.Zhu QingJie,Li Man,Chen YongZhong,2000,Application ofgeotensile theory in predicting tensile fracture developing areaof Huan 50fault block.Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2000,7(1):10-13.
[6]景件恩,魏文博,梅忠武等.裂缝型碳酸盐岩储层测井评价方法—以塔河油田为例[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):78-82.JING Jian-en,WEI Wen-bo,MEI Zhong-wu,LI Zhou-bo.Method of Well-logging interpretation for fracture reservoirs ofcarbonate rock-A case study in Tahe oil-field,Progress inGeophysics,2005,20(1):78-82.
[7]黄新武,,龚姚进,刘纯高.柴达木盆地油泉子油田储层构造裂缝定量预测.钻采工艺,2002,25(5):89-94.Huang XinWu,GongYaoJin,Liu ChunGaoThe quantitativestructure craks prediction of reservoir bed of You Quan Zi oilfield in Cai Da Mu basin,Drilling&Production Technology,2002,25(5):89-94.
[8]梁兵,王焕弟.储层微裂缝预测技术.石油地球物理勘探.2003,38(4):400-404.Liang Bing,Wang HuanDi,2003,Prediction of micro-fracturesin reservoir.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,38(4):400-404.
[9]蔡正旗,,蔡矿,徐志明,刘宏,朱轶.川东三岔坪潜伏构造石炭系储层特征及有利区预测.天然气地球科学,2005,16(6):716-718.Cai ZhengQi,Cai Kuang,Xu ZhiMing,Liu Hong,Zhu Yi,2005,CARBONIFEROUS RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS INSANCHAPING BURIED STRUCTURE IN THE EAST OFSICHUAN AND PRIDICTION FOR FAVOURABLEEXPLORATION AREA.Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(6):716-718.
[10]陶洪辉,秦国伟,徐文波,宫军.地层主曲率在研究储层裂缝发育中的应用.新疆石油天然气,2005,1(2):22-24.Tao Hong Hui,Qin GuoWei,Xu WenBo,Gong Jun,2005,THE APPLICATION OF PRINCIPAL CURVATURES INSTUDY IN RESERVOIR FRACTURE.Xinjiang Oil&Gas,2005,1(2):22-24.
[11]刘莉,崔丽颖,杨旭等.地层主应力的确定及在低渗透油田开发中的应用,测井技术,2001,25(5):373-376.Liu Li,Cui LiYing,Yang Xu,etc.,2001,Determina-tion ofFormation Stress and Its Applications in Low PermeableOilfield Development.Well Logging Technology,2001,25(5):373-376.
[12]梁利喜,,许强,刘向君,,陈杰,刘洪.基于测井资料研究裂缝性储层的岩石强度特征.西部探矿工程,2005年增刊,130-131.Liang LiXi,Xu Qiang,Liu XiangJun,Chen Jie,Liu Hong,2005,A study of rock strength characteristic of fracturedreservoir based on well log data.West-china ExplorationEngineering,2005,supplement,130-31.
[13]康义逵,任文清,朱用斌等.极值主曲率法预测天然裂缝发育带的方法与实践.油气井测试,2002,11(4):22-26.Kang YiKui,Ren WenQing,Zhu YongBin,etc.,2002,Method and Practice of the Extremum Main CurvityForecasting Natural Fracture Zones.Well Testing,2002,11(4):22-26.
[14]甘其刚,高志平.宽方位AVA裂缝检测技术应用研究.天然气工业,2005,25(5):42-43.Gan QiGang,Gao ZhiPing,2005,APPLICATION OF AVAFRACTURE DETECTION TECHNIQUE,Natural GasIndustry,2005,25(5):42-43.
[15]杨凤丽,周祖翼.利用地震方法预测潜山裂缝性油气储层.高校地质学报,1999,5(3):322-327.Yang FengLi,Zhou ZuYi,1999,PREDICTINGFRACTURED RESERVOIRS IN BURIAL HILL POOLWITH SEISMIC METHODS:A CASE STUDY INSOUTHERN BOHAI BASIN.GEOL-OGICAL JOURNALOF CHINA UNIVERSITIESF,1999,5(3):322-27.
[16]王恩利,刘军迎,韩立国等.一种改进型C3相干算法.西北地震学报,2009,31(3):217-220.Wang EnLi,Liu JunYing,Han LiGuo,etc.,2009,AImproved Method of C3Coherence Algorithm.NorthwesternSeismological Journal,2009,31(3):217-220.
[17]黄伟传,杨长春,王彦飞.利用叠前地震数据预测裂缝储层的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1602-1606.HUANG Wei-chuan,YANG Chang-chun.The application ofpre-stack seismic data in predicting the fractured reservoir.Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1602-1606.
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