中国大陆中东部地区基于背景噪声的瑞利波层析成像
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摘要
本研究使用了中国大陆中东部地区494个分布基本均匀的宽频带地震台站和7个中国大陆周边地区IRIS台站资料,反演得到了中东部地区高分辨率的瑞利面波层析成像结果.本文使用这些台站记录到的从2009年1月到2010年9月的垂直分量连续波形数据,首先通过对台站对间进行波形互相关和叠加运算,计算得到各台站对间的经验格林函数.然后用时频分析法提取了约125000条台站对间的频散曲线,并剔除了经验格林函数信噪比小于10的频散曲线.最后反演得到了研究区周期8～40s、分辨率达0.5°的瑞利波群速度分布图像.不同周期的速度分布图像显示,研究区瑞利波群速度分布与地质构造特征具有较好的相关性.8～20s的瑞利波群速度在研究区内主要盆地表现为低速分布,而在造山带呈现高速分布;25～40s的瑞利波群速度图中,存在一条北北东—南南西向的分界线,该分界线与中国大陆东部的地壳厚度突变带基本吻合.25s以下周期,华北平原的显著低速区形态与该地区早第三纪以来的断块分布构造一致.揭示了盆地下方介质结构强烈的非均匀性,也与较厚的沉积层分布有关.低速的四川盆地中部,显示出显著的高速特征,揭示了四川盆地下方基底的上隆特征;20s以下周期的群速度图像中,鄂尔多斯盆地西北部速度低于东南部,揭示出其地壳中上部介质结构的横向不均匀性.
We present high resolution ambient noise tomography of central and eastern China using vertical-component seismograms recorded by 494 evenly distributed broadband stations from China National Seismic Network and regional networks and 7 IRIS stations.21 months of continuous data are used from January 2009 to September 2010.We first obtain empirical Green functions(EGFs) after cross-correlation and stacking between all possible station-pairs.Then we retrieve about 125000 Rayleigh wave dispersion curves using a frequency-time analysis method and reject those with SNR<10.Finally,we invert for Rayleigh wave group velocity maps from 8s to 40 s.The resolution can reach to about 0.5° at these periods.Our group velocity maps agree well with known geological and tectonic features.Major basins in the study area are delineated by low velocities at short periods(8~20 s),while orogenic belt and uplift areas are manifested by high velocities.An NNE-SSW trending boundary between high and low velocities can be clearly seen at longer periods(25~40 s),which coincides with the well-known Gravity Lineation.North China plain shows remarkable low velocity at group velocity maps below 25s.The shape of low velocity zone coincides with the block distribution of the plain since Paleogene.A relative high velocity zone is observed in the central part of low velocity Sichuan basin,reveals an uplifted basement beneath the basin.The velocity in the northwest of Ordos basin is lower than that in southeast in the tomography maps under 20 s,revealing the lateral heterogeneity in mid-upper crust.
We present high resolution ambient noise tomography of central and eastern China using vertical-component seismograms recorded by 494 evenly distributed broadband stations from China National Seismic Network and regional networks and 7 IRIS stations.21 months of continuous data are used from January 2009 to September 2010.We first obtain empirical Green functions(EGFs) after cross-correlation and stacking between all possible station-pairs.Then we retrieve about 125000 Rayleigh wave dispersion curves using a frequency-time analysis method and reject those with SNR<10.Finally,we invert for Rayleigh wave group velocity maps from 8s to 40 s.The resolution can reach to about 0.5° at these periods.Our group velocity maps agree well with known geological and tectonic features.Major basins in the study area are delineated by low velocities at short periods(8~20 s),while orogenic belt and uplift areas are manifested by high velocities.An NNE-SSW trending boundary between high and low velocities can be clearly seen at longer periods(25~40 s),which coincides with the well-known Gravity Lineation.North China plain shows remarkable low velocity at group velocity maps below 25s.The shape of low velocity zone coincides with the block distribution of the plain since Paleogene.A relative high velocity zone is observed in the central part of low velocity Sichuan basin,reveals an uplifted basement beneath the basin.The velocity in the northwest of Ordos basin is lower than that in southeast in the tomography maps under 20 s,revealing the lateral heterogeneity in mid-upper crust.
引文
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[8]Huang Z X,Su W,Peng Y J,et al.Rayleigh wavetomography of China and adjacent regions.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108:2073,doi:10.1029/2001JB001696.
[9]Yanovskaya T B,Kozhevnikov V M.3D S-wave velocitypattern in the upper mantle beneath the continent of Asiafrom Rayleigh wave data.Phy.Earth Planet.Inter.,2003,138(3-4):263-278.
[10]Huang Z X,Li H Y,Zheng Y,et al.The lithosphere ofNorth China Craton from surface wave tomography.EarthPlanet.Science Lett.,2009,288(1-2):164-173.
[11]Feng M,An M J.Lithospheric structure of the Chinesemainland determined from joint inversion of regional andteleseismic Rayleigh-wave group velocities.J.Geophys.Res.,2009,115:B06317,doi:10.1029/2008JB005787.
[12]Lobkis O I,Weaver R L.On the emergence of the Green'sfunction in the correlations of a diffuse field.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2001,110(6):3011-3017.
[13]Weaver R L.Information from seismic noise.Science,2005,307(5715):1568-1569.
[14]Shapiro N M,Campillo M,Stehly L,et al.High-resolutionsurface-wave tomography from ambient seismic noise.Science,2005,307(5715):1615-1618.
[15]Yang Y J,Ritzwoller M H,Levshin A L,et al.Ambientnoise Rayleigh wave tomography across Europe.Geophys.J.Int.,2007,168(1):259-274.
[16]Bensen G B,Ritzwoller M H,Shapiro N M.Broadbandambient noise surface wave tomography across the UnitedStates.J.Geophys.Res.,2008,113:B05306,doi:10.1029/2007JB005248.
[17]Zheng S H,Sun X L,Song X D,et al.Surface wavetomography of China from ambient seismic noise correlation.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2008,9:Q05020,doi:10.1029/2008GC001981.
[18]Lin F C,Moschetti M P,Ritzwoller M H.Surface wavetomography of the western United States from ambientseismic noise:Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocity maps.Geophys.J.Int.,2008,173(1):281-298.
[19]Li H Y,Su W,Wang C Y,et al.Ambient noise Rayleighwave tomography in western Sichuan and eastern Tibet.Earth Planet.Science Lett.,2009,282(1-4):201-211.
[20]房立华,吴建平,吕作勇.华北地区基于噪声的瑞利面波群速度层析成像.地球物理学报,2009,52(3):663-671.Fang L H,Wu J P,LüZ Y.Rayleigh wave group velocitytomography from ambient seismic noise in North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3):663-671.
[21]Sun X L,Song X D,Zheng S H,et al.Three dimensionalshear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantlebeneath China from ambient noise surface wave tomography.Earth Quake Science,2010,23(5):449-463.
[22]Li H Y,Bernardi F,Michelini A.Love wave tomography inItaly from seismic ambient noise.Earth Quake Science,2010,23(3):487-495.
[23]Zheng Y,Yang Y J,Ritzwoller M H,et al.Crustalstructure of the northeastern Tibetan plateau,the Ordosblock and the Sichuan basin from ambient noise tomography.Earth Quake Science,2010,23(5):465-476.
[24]郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁等.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1412-1417.Zheng X F,Ouyang B,Zhang D N,et al.Technical systemconstruction of Data Backup Centre for China SeismographNetwork and the data support to researches on the Wenchuanearthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1412-1417.
[25]Bensen G B,Ritzwoller M H,Barmin M P,et al.Processingseismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-bandsurface wave dispersion measurements.Geophys.J.Int.,2007,169(3):1239-1260.
[26]Levshin A L,Ritzwoller M H.Automated detection,extraction,and measurement of regional surface waves.PureAppl.Geophys.,2001,158(8):1531-1545.
[27]Shapiro N M,Ritzwoller M H.Monte-Carlo inversion for aglobal shear-velocity model of the crust and upper mantle.Geophys.J.Int.,2002,151(1):88-105.
[28]Barmin M P,Ritzwoller M H,Levshin A L.A fast andreliable method for surface wave tomography.Pure Appl.Geophys.,2001,158(8):1351-1357.
[29]Huang J L,Zhao D P,Zheng S H.Lithospheric structureand its relationship to seismic and volcanic activity insouthwest China.J.Geophys.Res.,2002,107:2255,doi:10.1029/2000JB000137.
[30]Huang J L,Zhao D P.Crustal heterogeneity and seismotectonicsof the region around Beijing,China.Tectonophysics,2004,385(1-4):159-180.
[31]王同和.太行山以东沉积盆地与油气分布规律.华北地质矿产杂志,1995,10(3):399-414.Wang T H.Oil-gas distribution regularity of the sedimentarybasin to the east of Taihang Mountain.Jour.Geol.Min.Res.North China(in Chinese),1995,10(3):399-414.
[32]朱介寿,蔡学林,曹家敏等.中国华南及东海地区岩石圈三维结构及演化.北京:地质出版社,2005.Zhu J S,Cai X L,Cao J M,et al.The Three-DimensionalStructure of Lithosphere and Its Evolution in South China Sea(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2005.
[33]郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉.四川盆地形成与演化.北京:地质出版社,1996.Guo Z W,Deng K L,Han Y H.Formation and Evolution ofChina(in Chinese).Beijing:Geology Press,1996.
[34]Laske G,Masters G.A global digital map of sedimentthickness.Eos Trans.AGU,1997,Fall Meet.Suppl,78(46):F483.
[2]戴俊生.构造地质学及大地构造.北京:石油工业出版社,2006.Dai J S.Structural Geology and Tectonics(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006.
[3]马杏垣,刘和甫,王维襄等.中国东部中、新生代裂陷作用和伸展构造.地质学报,1983,57(1):22-32.Ma X Y,Liu H F,Wang W X,et al.Meso-Cenozoictaphrogeny and extensional tectonics in eastern China.ActaGeologica Sinica(in Chinese),1983,57(1):22-32.
[4]侯贵廷,钱祥麟,宋新民.渤海湾盆地形成机制研究.北京大学学报(自然科学版),1998,34(4):503-509.Hou G T,Qian X L,Song X M.The origin of the Bohai BayBasin.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis(Natural Science)(in Chinese),1998,34(4):503-509.
[5]马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1989.Ma X Y.Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China(in Chinese).Beijing:China Cartographic Publishing House,1989.
[6]丁国瑜.中国岩石圈动力学概论.北京:地震出版社,1991.Ding G Y.Introduction of Lithospheric Dynamics in China(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1991.
[7]滕吉文,张中杰,胡家富等.中国东南大陆及陆缘地带的瑞利波频散与剪切波三维速度结构.地球物理学报,2001,44(5):663-677.Teng J W,Zhang Z J,Hu J F,et al.The Rayleigh wavedispersion and three dimensional velocity structure incontinent and its margin of Southeast China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(5):663-677.
[8]Huang Z X,Su W,Peng Y J,et al.Rayleigh wavetomography of China and adjacent regions.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108:2073,doi:10.1029/2001JB001696.
[9]Yanovskaya T B,Kozhevnikov V M.3D S-wave velocitypattern in the upper mantle beneath the continent of Asiafrom Rayleigh wave data.Phy.Earth Planet.Inter.,2003,138(3-4):263-278.
[10]Huang Z X,Li H Y,Zheng Y,et al.The lithosphere ofNorth China Craton from surface wave tomography.EarthPlanet.Science Lett.,2009,288(1-2):164-173.
[11]Feng M,An M J.Lithospheric structure of the Chinesemainland determined from joint inversion of regional andteleseismic Rayleigh-wave group velocities.J.Geophys.Res.,2009,115:B06317,doi:10.1029/2008JB005787.
[12]Lobkis O I,Weaver R L.On the emergence of the Green'sfunction in the correlations of a diffuse field.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2001,110(6):3011-3017.
[13]Weaver R L.Information from seismic noise.Science,2005,307(5715):1568-1569.
[14]Shapiro N M,Campillo M,Stehly L,et al.High-resolutionsurface-wave tomography from ambient seismic noise.Science,2005,307(5715):1615-1618.
[15]Yang Y J,Ritzwoller M H,Levshin A L,et al.Ambientnoise Rayleigh wave tomography across Europe.Geophys.J.Int.,2007,168(1):259-274.
[16]Bensen G B,Ritzwoller M H,Shapiro N M.Broadbandambient noise surface wave tomography across the UnitedStates.J.Geophys.Res.,2008,113:B05306,doi:10.1029/2007JB005248.
[17]Zheng S H,Sun X L,Song X D,et al.Surface wavetomography of China from ambient seismic noise correlation.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2008,9:Q05020,doi:10.1029/2008GC001981.
[18]Lin F C,Moschetti M P,Ritzwoller M H.Surface wavetomography of the western United States from ambientseismic noise:Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocity maps.Geophys.J.Int.,2008,173(1):281-298.
[19]Li H Y,Su W,Wang C Y,et al.Ambient noise Rayleighwave tomography in western Sichuan and eastern Tibet.Earth Planet.Science Lett.,2009,282(1-4):201-211.
[20]房立华,吴建平,吕作勇.华北地区基于噪声的瑞利面波群速度层析成像.地球物理学报,2009,52(3):663-671.Fang L H,Wu J P,LüZ Y.Rayleigh wave group velocitytomography from ambient seismic noise in North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3):663-671.
[21]Sun X L,Song X D,Zheng S H,et al.Three dimensionalshear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantlebeneath China from ambient noise surface wave tomography.Earth Quake Science,2010,23(5):449-463.
[22]Li H Y,Bernardi F,Michelini A.Love wave tomography inItaly from seismic ambient noise.Earth Quake Science,2010,23(3):487-495.
[23]Zheng Y,Yang Y J,Ritzwoller M H,et al.Crustalstructure of the northeastern Tibetan plateau,the Ordosblock and the Sichuan basin from ambient noise tomography.Earth Quake Science,2010,23(5):465-476.
[24]郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁等.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1412-1417.Zheng X F,Ouyang B,Zhang D N,et al.Technical systemconstruction of Data Backup Centre for China SeismographNetwork and the data support to researches on the Wenchuanearthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1412-1417.
[25]Bensen G B,Ritzwoller M H,Barmin M P,et al.Processingseismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-bandsurface wave dispersion measurements.Geophys.J.Int.,2007,169(3):1239-1260.
[26]Levshin A L,Ritzwoller M H.Automated detection,extraction,and measurement of regional surface waves.PureAppl.Geophys.,2001,158(8):1531-1545.
[27]Shapiro N M,Ritzwoller M H.Monte-Carlo inversion for aglobal shear-velocity model of the crust and upper mantle.Geophys.J.Int.,2002,151(1):88-105.
[28]Barmin M P,Ritzwoller M H,Levshin A L.A fast andreliable method for surface wave tomography.Pure Appl.Geophys.,2001,158(8):1351-1357.
[29]Huang J L,Zhao D P,Zheng S H.Lithospheric structureand its relationship to seismic and volcanic activity insouthwest China.J.Geophys.Res.,2002,107:2255,doi:10.1029/2000JB000137.
[30]Huang J L,Zhao D P.Crustal heterogeneity and seismotectonicsof the region around Beijing,China.Tectonophysics,2004,385(1-4):159-180.
[31]王同和.太行山以东沉积盆地与油气分布规律.华北地质矿产杂志,1995,10(3):399-414.Wang T H.Oil-gas distribution regularity of the sedimentarybasin to the east of Taihang Mountain.Jour.Geol.Min.Res.North China(in Chinese),1995,10(3):399-414.
[32]朱介寿,蔡学林,曹家敏等.中国华南及东海地区岩石圈三维结构及演化.北京:地质出版社,2005.Zhu J S,Cai X L,Cao J M,et al.The Three-DimensionalStructure of Lithosphere and Its Evolution in South China Sea(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2005.
[33]郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉.四川盆地形成与演化.北京:地质出版社,1996.Guo Z W,Deng K L,Han Y H.Formation and Evolution ofChina(in Chinese).Beijing:Geology Press,1996.
[34]Laske G,Masters G.A global digital map of sedimentthickness.Eos Trans.AGU,1997,Fall Meet.Suppl,78(46):F483.
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