煤巷小构造Rayleigh型槽波超前探测数值模拟
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摘要
对煤巷小构造地震波场进行了数值模拟研究,分析了层状煤层中地震波的传播特征.研究表明:(1)在煤巷迎头前方煤层内以纵波震源激发的Rayleigh型槽波相对于体波能量较强,波列较长,波速较低.(2)沿煤层传播的Rayleigh型槽波在小构造面上产生Rayleigh型槽波反射波,反射Rayleigh型槽波垂直分量相对于水平分量能量较强.沿煤层反向传播的反射Rayleigh型槽波在煤巷迎头面上转换为沿煤巷底板传播的Rayleigh面波.沿煤巷底板可以接收到能量较强的反射Rayleigh型槽波产生的Rayleigh面波,其可以作为超前探测小构造面的特征波.在地震记录上反射Rayleigh型槽波产生的Rayleigh面波波至最迟,在时间域与其他波列时间间隔较大,其垂直分量能量相对于水平分量较强,在地震记录上容易识别.(3)在相同的地质条件下应用反射地震超前探测方法,标志煤巷迎头前方存在小构造面的反射地震波能量较弱,受煤巷顶、底板界面和采煤迎头面的强反射波干扰,在地震记录中难以识别.
The seismic wave field in layered coal seam is simulated with coal road model.Propagation characteristics of seismic wave in horizontally stratified coal seam are analyzed.The results showed:(1) the P-wave source in the coal bed floor before coal heading face can excite Rayleigh channel wave in coal seam.The energy of Rayleigh channel wave is stronger than body waves.The wave train of Rayleigh channel wave is longer than body waves.And wave velocity is lower than body waves.(2) The Rayleigh channel wave generates reflected Rayleigh channel wave on the small structure before coal heading face.The energy of vertical component of Rayleigh channel wave is stronger than horizontal component energy.The reflected Rayleigh channel wave is converted into Rayleigh surface wave at the head of the coal roadway.Rayleigh surface wave can be recorded along the floor of tunnel.The Rayleigh surface wave is recorded last in time domain.The time interval between Rayleigh surface wave arrival time and others′ is longer.And it is easily recognized and extracted in seismic records.The energy of vertical component of the Rayleigh surface wave is higher than horizontal component.(3) In same conditions,the method of reflected-wave seismic prediction ahead is not applicable for detecting small structure before coal heading face.The energy of reflection waves from the interfaces of small structure before coal heading face is very low.Under the influence of high-amplitude reflection waves excited on the interfaces of roof,floor and coal heading face in coal tunnel,it is difficult to recognize and extract the reflected-wave of small structure before coal heading face in seismic records.
The seismic wave field in layered coal seam is simulated with coal road model.Propagation characteristics of seismic wave in horizontally stratified coal seam are analyzed.The results showed:(1) the P-wave source in the coal bed floor before coal heading face can excite Rayleigh channel wave in coal seam.The energy of Rayleigh channel wave is stronger than body waves.The wave train of Rayleigh channel wave is longer than body waves.And wave velocity is lower than body waves.(2) The Rayleigh channel wave generates reflected Rayleigh channel wave on the small structure before coal heading face.The energy of vertical component of Rayleigh channel wave is stronger than horizontal component energy.The reflected Rayleigh channel wave is converted into Rayleigh surface wave at the head of the coal roadway.Rayleigh surface wave can be recorded along the floor of tunnel.The Rayleigh surface wave is recorded last in time domain.The time interval between Rayleigh surface wave arrival time and others′ is longer.And it is easily recognized and extracted in seismic records.The energy of vertical component of the Rayleigh surface wave is higher than horizontal component.(3) In same conditions,the method of reflected-wave seismic prediction ahead is not applicable for detecting small structure before coal heading face.The energy of reflection waves from the interfaces of small structure before coal heading face is very low.Under the influence of high-amplitude reflection waves excited on the interfaces of roof,floor and coal heading face in coal tunnel,it is difficult to recognize and extract the reflected-wave of small structure before coal heading face in seismic records.
引文
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[15]胡运兵,吴燕清,宋劲.薄层状介质中发射地震超前探测的特性分析.河南理工大学学报,2006,25(6):469-473.Hu Y B,Wu Y Q,Song J.Analysis on characteristics ofreflection seismic pilot detecting technology in thin layeredmedia.Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(inChinese),2006,25(6):469-473.
[16]徐果明,倪四道,王汉标.瑞利型槽波的本征方程及其应用.煤炭学报,1998,23(2):124-129.Xu G M,Ni S D,Wang H B.Eigen-equation of Rayleighguide waves and its application.Journal of China CoalSociety(in Chinese),1998,23(2):124-129.
[17]Bohlen T,Lorang U,Rabbel W,et al.Rayleigh-to-shearwave conversion at the tunnel face-From 3D-FD modeling toahead-of-drill exploration.Geophysics,2007,72(6):67-79.
[18]杨思通,程久龙.煤巷地震超前探测数值模拟及波场特征研究.煤炭学报,2010,35(10):1633-1637.Yang S T,Cheng J L.Numerical simulation of fore detectingwith seismic in coal roadway and study of wave fieldcharacteristics.Journal of China Coal Society(in Chinese),2010,35(10):1633-1637.
[19]武威,岳建华,邓帅奇等.煤巷地震超前探测合成记录的数值模拟方法研究.物探化探计算技术,2009,31(1):15-19.Wu W,Yue J H,Deng S Q,et al.Study on numericalsimulation methods of forward tunnel seismic predictionsynthetic record.Computing Techniques for Geophysicaland Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2009,31(1):15-19.
[20]董良国,马在田,曹景忠等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法.地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.Dong L G,Ma Z T,Cao J Z,et al.A staggered-grid high-order difference method of one-order elastic wave equation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(3):411-419.
[21]Cerjan C,Kosloff D,Kosloff R,et al.A nonreflectingboundary condition for discrete acoustic and elastic waveequation.Geophysics,1985,50(4):705-708.
[2]曾兆璜.隧道地震反射法超前预报.地球物理学报,1994,37(2):268-271.Zeng Z H.Prediction ahead of the tunnel face by the seismicreelection methods.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta GeophysicaSinica)(in Chinese),1994,37(2):268-271.
[3]何振起,李海,梁彦忠等.利用地震反射法进行隧道施工地质超前预报.铁道工程学报,2000,68(4):81-85.He Z Q,Li H,Liang Y Z,et al.Geological super-leadingforecast during tunnel construction by utilizing seismicresponse analysis method.Journal of Railway EngineeringSociety(in Chinese),2000,68(4):81-85.
[4]白恒恒,辛民高.浅谈长梁山隧道F5断层的地质超前预报.铁道工程学报,2000,68(1):87-90.Bai H H,Xin M G.Preliminary talking about geologicadvance forecast on F5 fault in Changliangshan tunnel.Journal of Railway Engineering Society(in Chinese),2000,68(1):87-90.
[5]Amberg Measuring Technique Ltd.Operation Manual.Kunming:Kunming Shape Regale Science and TechnologyLtd.,2003.
[6]Amberg Measuring Technique Ltd.Software Manual.Kunming:Kunming Shape Regale Science and TechnologyLtd.,2003.
[7]刘志刚,刘秀峰.TSP(隧道地震勘探)在隧道隧洞超前预报中的应用与发展.岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1399-1402.Liu Z G,Liu X F.TSP application and development in tunnellead forecast.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering(in Chinese),2003,22(8):1399-1402.
[8]沈鸿雁,李庆春,冯宏.隧道反射地震超前探测偏移成像.煤炭学报,2009,34(3):299-304.Shen H Y,Li Q C,Feng H.Migration imaging for tunnelreflected-wave seismic prediction ahead.Journal of ChinaCoal Society(in Chinese),2009,34(3):299-304.
[9]戴前伟,何刚,冯德山.TSP-203在隧道超前预报中的应用.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):460-464.Dai Q W,He G,Feng D S.Application of the TSP-203system in geological advanced prediction of tunnel.Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2):460-464.
[10]赵岩,李术才,薛翊国等.TSP203预报胶州湾海底隧道f2-1含水断层的实践.山东大学学报(工学版),2009,39(4):40-44.Zhao Y,Li S C,Xue Y G,et al.The application of TSP203advanced geological predication about f2-1watery fault of theJiaozhouwan subsea tunnel.Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science)(in Chinese),2009,39(4):40-44.
[11]张平松,吴健生.中国隧道及井巷地震波法超前探测技术研究分析.地球科学进展,2006,21(10):1033-1038.Zhang P S,Wu J S.Research and analysis of forwardprediction technology using seismic reflection wave in tunneland laneway in China.Advances in Earth Science(inChinese),2006,21(10):1033-1038.
[12]Evison F F.A coal seam as a guide for seismic energy.Nature,1955,176:1224-1225.
[13]Krey T C.Channel waves as a tool of applied geophysics incoal seam.Geophysics,1963,28:701-704.
[14]杨真,冯涛,Wang S G.0.9m薄煤层SH型槽波频散特征及波形模式.地球物理学报,2010,53(2):442-449.Yang Z,Feng T,Wang S G.Dispersion characteristics andwave shape mode of SH channel wave in 0.9 m-thin coalseam.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(2):442-449.
[15]胡运兵,吴燕清,宋劲.薄层状介质中发射地震超前探测的特性分析.河南理工大学学报,2006,25(6):469-473.Hu Y B,Wu Y Q,Song J.Analysis on characteristics ofreflection seismic pilot detecting technology in thin layeredmedia.Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(inChinese),2006,25(6):469-473.
[16]徐果明,倪四道,王汉标.瑞利型槽波的本征方程及其应用.煤炭学报,1998,23(2):124-129.Xu G M,Ni S D,Wang H B.Eigen-equation of Rayleighguide waves and its application.Journal of China CoalSociety(in Chinese),1998,23(2):124-129.
[17]Bohlen T,Lorang U,Rabbel W,et al.Rayleigh-to-shearwave conversion at the tunnel face-From 3D-FD modeling toahead-of-drill exploration.Geophysics,2007,72(6):67-79.
[18]杨思通,程久龙.煤巷地震超前探测数值模拟及波场特征研究.煤炭学报,2010,35(10):1633-1637.Yang S T,Cheng J L.Numerical simulation of fore detectingwith seismic in coal roadway and study of wave fieldcharacteristics.Journal of China Coal Society(in Chinese),2010,35(10):1633-1637.
[19]武威,岳建华,邓帅奇等.煤巷地震超前探测合成记录的数值模拟方法研究.物探化探计算技术,2009,31(1):15-19.Wu W,Yue J H,Deng S Q,et al.Study on numericalsimulation methods of forward tunnel seismic predictionsynthetic record.Computing Techniques for Geophysicaland Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2009,31(1):15-19.
[20]董良国,马在田,曹景忠等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法.地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.Dong L G,Ma Z T,Cao J Z,et al.A staggered-grid high-order difference method of one-order elastic wave equation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(3):411-419.
[21]Cerjan C,Kosloff D,Kosloff R,et al.A nonreflectingboundary condition for discrete acoustic and elastic waveequation.Geophysics,1985,50(4):705-708.
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