断层识别与定量解释方法进展
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摘要
在油气勘探中,断层识别在地震资料解释扮演重要的角色,断层解释的准确性和合理性直接影响构造成图的精度和开发方案的设计。准确预测断层发育带是评价裂缝型储层的前提,更是提高裂缝型油气藏勘探效率和开发水平的关键。本文综合近几年SEG年会相关文献,介绍了国内外断层解释方法的新进展,重点阐述了国内外最新的断层识别与定量解释方法:如连续相位谱体积曲率属性、3DRadon变换滤波、倾斜引导面模型、方向约束蚁群算法、改进的AFETM技术等新方法在断层识别与自动化识别上的应用改善,以及断层垂直断距与消断层作用成像提取层位技术等在断层定量与精细解释上方面的新方法及应用。
In oil-gas exploration,fault identification plays an important role in seismic data interpretation.The accuracy and validity of fault identification affect the precision of building of structure mapping and the designation of development programs directly.A precise prediction of fault zone is the premise of fractured reservoir evaluation,and also is the key of the improvement of exploration efficiency and development level in fractured reservoir.The paper summarizes the newly SEG Annual related papers,and introduces the new fault interpretation methods and developments at home and abroad,then makes a detailed discussion about fault identification and quantitative interpretation methods,such as volumetric curvature from continuous phase spectrum,a windowed 3DRadon transform filtering,dip guided facet model edge detector,automatic fault tracking approach based on ant colony algorithm,advanced AFE process,etc.Then it points out their improvement in fault identification and automatic identification applications,also discusses the new methods and applications of fault displacement and geologic horizons extracting by unfaulting and unfolding techniques.
In oil-gas exploration,fault identification plays an important role in seismic data interpretation.The accuracy and validity of fault identification affect the precision of building of structure mapping and the designation of development programs directly.A precise prediction of fault zone is the premise of fractured reservoir evaluation,and also is the key of the improvement of exploration efficiency and development level in fractured reservoir.The paper summarizes the newly SEG Annual related papers,and introduces the new fault interpretation methods and developments at home and abroad,then makes a detailed discussion about fault identification and quantitative interpretation methods,such as volumetric curvature from continuous phase spectrum,a windowed 3DRadon transform filtering,dip guided facet model edge detector,automatic fault tracking approach based on ant colony algorithm,advanced AFE process,etc.Then it points out their improvement in fault identification and automatic identification applications,also discusses the new methods and applications of fault displacement and geologic horizons extracting by unfaulting and unfolding techniques.
引文
[1]王鹏,钟建华,张亚金,等.断层识别技术及其在肇州油田的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(5):521~525.
[2]Roberts A.Curvature attributes and their application to 3Dinterpreted horizons[J].First Break,2001,19(2):85~100.
[3]袁世宏,万忠宏,詹世凡,等,体曲率属性在地震解释中应用[C].中国地球物理2010:523.
[4]Al-Dossary S,Marfurt K J.3Dvolumetric multispec-tral estimates of reflector curvature and rotation[J].Ge-ophysics,2006,71(5):41~51.
[5]Kazmi H,Alam A,Ahmad S,et al.Fault character-ization using volumetric curvature from continuousphase spectrum[J].SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2012:1~5.
[6]许辉群,桂志先.边缘检测技术在石油勘探中的研究进展[J].特种油气藏,2011,18(4):7~10.
[7]Luo Y,Higgs W G,Kowalik W S.Edge detectionand stratigraphic analysis using 3Dseismic data[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:324~327.
[8]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Seismic attributes for prospect i-dentification and reservoir characterization[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2007:1~7.
[9]Song J,Mu X,Li Z,et al.A faults identification meth-od using dip guided facet model edge detector[J].SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012:1~5.
[10]Al Bin Hassan N,Marfurt K J.Fault detection usingHough transforms:73rd Annual International Meeting[J].SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2003:1719~1721.
[11]Aarre V,Wallet B.A robust and compute-efficientvariant of the Radon transform[J].Proceedings of the31st Annual GCSSEPM Foundation Bob F,PerkinsResearch Conference2011:550~586.
[12]Boe T.Enhancement of large faults with a windowed3D Radon transform filter[J].SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts 2012:1~5.
[13]Lees J A.Constructing faults from seed picks by voxeltracking[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18:338~340.
[14]Randen T,Pedersen S,Sonneland L.Automatic ex-traction of fault surfaces from three-dimensionalseismic data[J].SEG Technical Program ExpandedAbstracts,2001,551~554.
[15]Dorn G,James h.Automatic fault extraction of faultsand a salt body in a 3-D survey from the Eugene Islandarea,Gulf of Mexico[J].AAPG International Conferenceand Exhibition,Expanded Abstracts,2005.
[16]Yan Z,Gu H,Cai C.Automatic fault trackingbased on ant colony algorithms[J].Computers&Ge-osciences,2013,51(2):269~281.
[17]严哲.三维地震断层自动识别与智能解释[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2010.
[18]Geoffrey A D.Imaging faults in 3Dseismic volumes[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012:1~6.
[19]Kadlec B.Visulation of geologic features using datarepresentations thereof[P].U.S.Patent Applica-tion,2011/0,115,787.
[20]Aurnhammer M,Tonnies K.A genetic algorithmfor automated horizon correlation across faults inseismic images[J].IEEE Transactions on Evolution-ary Computation,2005(9):201~210.
[21]Admasu F.A stochastic method for automated matchingof horizons across a fault in 3Dseismic data[D].Ph.D.thesis,Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg.
[22]Hale D.Fault surfaces and fault throws from 3Dseismic images[J].SEG Technical Program Expand-ed Abstracts,2012:1357~1361.
[23]Luo S,Hale D.Unfaulting and unfolding 3Dseismicimages[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,2012:1~6.
[24]Parks D.Seismic image flattening as a linear inverseproblem[D].MS thesis,Colorado School of Mines.
[25]覃天.多属性相干方法识别微小断层[J].工程地球物理学报,2008,5(5):538~542.
[26]Treadgold G,Eisenstadt G.Niobrara Fracture Prospec-ting Through Integrated Structural and Azimuthal Seis-mic Interpretation,Silo Field Area,Wyoming[J].SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012:1~6.
①Kazmi H,Alam A,Ahmad S,et al.Fault characterization using volumetric curvature from continuous phase spectrum.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012.
②Song J,Mu X,Li Z,et al.A faults identification method using dip guided facet model edge detector.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012.
③Boe T,Enhancement of large faults with a windowed 3DRadon transform filter.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012.
④Yan Z,Gu H,Cai C.Automatic fault tracking based on ant colony algorithms.Computers&Geosciences.
⑤Geoffrey A D.Imaging faults in 3Dseismic volumes.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012.
⑥Hale D.Fault surfaces and fault throws from 3Dseismic images.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012.
⑦Luo S,Hale D.Unfaulting and unfolding 3Dseismic images.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012.
[2]Roberts A.Curvature attributes and their application to 3Dinterpreted horizons[J].First Break,2001,19(2):85~100.
[3]袁世宏,万忠宏,詹世凡,等,体曲率属性在地震解释中应用[C].中国地球物理2010:523.
[4]Al-Dossary S,Marfurt K J.3Dvolumetric multispec-tral estimates of reflector curvature and rotation[J].Ge-ophysics,2006,71(5):41~51.
[5]Kazmi H,Alam A,Ahmad S,et al.Fault character-ization using volumetric curvature from continuousphase spectrum[J].SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2012:1~5.
[6]许辉群,桂志先.边缘检测技术在石油勘探中的研究进展[J].特种油气藏,2011,18(4):7~10.
[7]Luo Y,Higgs W G,Kowalik W S.Edge detectionand stratigraphic analysis using 3Dseismic data[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:324~327.
[8]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Seismic attributes for prospect i-dentification and reservoir characterization[C].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2007:1~7.
[9]Song J,Mu X,Li Z,et al.A faults identification meth-od using dip guided facet model edge detector[J].SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012:1~5.
[10]Al Bin Hassan N,Marfurt K J.Fault detection usingHough transforms:73rd Annual International Meeting[J].SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2003:1719~1721.
[11]Aarre V,Wallet B.A robust and compute-efficientvariant of the Radon transform[J].Proceedings of the31st Annual GCSSEPM Foundation Bob F,PerkinsResearch Conference2011:550~586.
[12]Boe T.Enhancement of large faults with a windowed3D Radon transform filter[J].SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts 2012:1~5.
[13]Lees J A.Constructing faults from seed picks by voxeltracking[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18:338~340.
[14]Randen T,Pedersen S,Sonneland L.Automatic ex-traction of fault surfaces from three-dimensionalseismic data[J].SEG Technical Program ExpandedAbstracts,2001,551~554.
[15]Dorn G,James h.Automatic fault extraction of faultsand a salt body in a 3-D survey from the Eugene Islandarea,Gulf of Mexico[J].AAPG International Conferenceand Exhibition,Expanded Abstracts,2005.
[16]Yan Z,Gu H,Cai C.Automatic fault trackingbased on ant colony algorithms[J].Computers&Ge-osciences,2013,51(2):269~281.
[17]严哲.三维地震断层自动识别与智能解释[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2010.
[18]Geoffrey A D.Imaging faults in 3Dseismic volumes[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012:1~6.
[19]Kadlec B.Visulation of geologic features using datarepresentations thereof[P].U.S.Patent Applica-tion,2011/0,115,787.
[20]Aurnhammer M,Tonnies K.A genetic algorithmfor automated horizon correlation across faults inseismic images[J].IEEE Transactions on Evolution-ary Computation,2005(9):201~210.
[21]Admasu F.A stochastic method for automated matchingof horizons across a fault in 3Dseismic data[D].Ph.D.thesis,Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg.
[22]Hale D.Fault surfaces and fault throws from 3Dseismic images[J].SEG Technical Program Expand-ed Abstracts,2012:1357~1361.
[23]Luo S,Hale D.Unfaulting and unfolding 3Dseismicimages[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,2012:1~6.
[24]Parks D.Seismic image flattening as a linear inverseproblem[D].MS thesis,Colorado School of Mines.
[25]覃天.多属性相干方法识别微小断层[J].工程地球物理学报,2008,5(5):538~542.
[26]Treadgold G,Eisenstadt G.Niobrara Fracture Prospec-ting Through Integrated Structural and Azimuthal Seis-mic Interpretation,Silo Field Area,Wyoming[J].SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012:1~6.
①Kazmi H,Alam A,Ahmad S,et al.Fault characterization using volumetric curvature from continuous phase spectrum.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012.
②Song J,Mu X,Li Z,et al.A faults identification method using dip guided facet model edge detector.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012.
③Boe T,Enhancement of large faults with a windowed 3DRadon transform filter.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012.
④Yan Z,Gu H,Cai C.Automatic fault tracking based on ant colony algorithms.Computers&Geosciences.
⑤Geoffrey A D.Imaging faults in 3Dseismic volumes.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012.
⑥Hale D.Fault surfaces and fault throws from 3Dseismic images.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012.
⑦Luo S,Hale D.Unfaulting and unfolding 3Dseismic images.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012.
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