扩展的弹性阻抗及其在储层预测中的应用
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摘要
扩展的弹性阻抗(EEI)是对常规AVO梯度和截距分析的一种深化,是在常规波阻抗和梯度阻抗空间中进行角度旋转,从而拟合岩石的弹性参数(如纵波阻抗、横波阻抗、纵横波速度比、拉梅常熟、剪切模量、泊松比等)和储层物性参数(如孔隙度、泥质含量、饱和度等),对电阻率、伽马等值也有很好地预测效果,可将储层与非储层之间的差异更加显性化。为此,介绍了该方法的基本原理,强调在用EEI进行储层预测时需要注意的是:AVO分析前尽量在不改变道集各偏移距上的振幅大小的同时,将不同偏移距或角度的频谱整形为一致的频宽,以对动校拉伸和地层吸收效应进行补偿;颜色反演中用到的地震数据必须进行零相位化;不同的地层、岩性可能存在不一样的最佳旋转角度,进行储层预测时都需要重新分析来确定最佳的旋转角度。在Y气田的应用研究取得了储层的物性参数,其反演的储层分布符合现有的地质认识,对A9井区的分析认为其勘探潜力巨大,这为该区的调整挖潜提供了有力地支持。
An extended elastic impedance(EEI) method is also an advanced form of AVO analysis and is to perform the angle rotation in the conventional acoustic impedance space and gradient impedance space,so as to obtain elastic parameters such as P-and S-wave impedance,P-to S-wave velocity ratio,Lame constant,shear modulus,Poisson's ratio,etc.and reservoir physical properties such as porosity,shale content and saturation.In addition,it can also effectively predict common petrophysical properties such as resistivity and gamma ray.Therefore,the differences between reservoir and non-reservoir can be more clearly highlighted.This paper introduces its basic principles and highlights some key points to which much attention should be paid when reservoir prediction is made with the EEI method.Spectrum at different offsets or angles should be shaped into consistent bandwidth without changing the amplitude at each offset of gathers before AVO analysis,so as to compensate the extending effect of dynamic correction and the adsorption effect of strata.The seismic data to be used in color inversion must be zero-phased.For different strata with different lithologies,the optimum rotation angle may be different,so it must be calculated through reanalysis when reservoir prediction is made.Its application in the Y gas field reveals that the physical properties obtained are rational and the reservoir distribution mapped through inversion is consistent with the existing geologic understanding.It is believed that the exploration potential of A9 wellblock is huge and this provides a solid basis for the development adjustment in this study area.
An extended elastic impedance(EEI) method is also an advanced form of AVO analysis and is to perform the angle rotation in the conventional acoustic impedance space and gradient impedance space,so as to obtain elastic parameters such as P-and S-wave impedance,P-to S-wave velocity ratio,Lame constant,shear modulus,Poisson's ratio,etc.and reservoir physical properties such as porosity,shale content and saturation.In addition,it can also effectively predict common petrophysical properties such as resistivity and gamma ray.Therefore,the differences between reservoir and non-reservoir can be more clearly highlighted.This paper introduces its basic principles and highlights some key points to which much attention should be paid when reservoir prediction is made with the EEI method.Spectrum at different offsets or angles should be shaped into consistent bandwidth without changing the amplitude at each offset of gathers before AVO analysis,so as to compensate the extending effect of dynamic correction and the adsorption effect of strata.The seismic data to be used in color inversion must be zero-phased.For different strata with different lithologies,the optimum rotation angle may be different,so it must be calculated through reanalysis when reservoir prediction is made.Its application in the Y gas field reveals that the physical properties obtained are rational and the reservoir distribution mapped through inversion is consistent with the existing geologic understanding.It is believed that the exploration potential of A9 wellblock is huge and this provides a solid basis for the development adjustment in this study area.
引文
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[2]彭真明,李亚林,梁波.叠前弹性阻抗在储层气水识别中的应用[J].天然气工业,2007,27(4):43-45.PENG Zhenming,LI Yalin,LIANG Bo.Application ofprestack elastic impedance inversion in gas and water rec-ognition of the reservoir[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(4):43-45.
[3]理查德A,约翰F.储层表征新进展[M].乔月,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:46-150.RICHARD A,JOHN F.New progress in reservoir charac-terization[M].QIAO Yue,Trans.Beijing:Petroleum Indus-try Press,2002:46-150.
[4]甘利灯,赵邦六,杜文辉.弹性阻抗在岩性与流体预测中的潜力分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):504-508.GAN Lideng,ZHAO Bangliu,DU Wenhui.The potential a-nalysis of elastic impedance in the lithology and fluid pre-diction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):504-508.
[5]马劲风.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):118-124.MA Jinfeng.Forward modeling and inversion method ofgeneralized elastic impedance in seismic exploration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(1):118-124.
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[8]WHITCOMBE D N.Extended elastic impedance for fluidlithology prediction[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):63-67.
[9]唐湘蓉,贺振华,黄德济.扩展弹性阻抗理论入射角与实际入射角的等效关系研究[J].石油物探,2008,27(6):559-562.TANG Xiangrong,HE Zhenhua,HUANG Deji.Study of e-quivalent relation of extended elastic impedance theoreticalangle and actual incident angle[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2008,27(6):559-562.
[10]巫芙蓉,李亚林,王聃,等.AVO属性在致密砂岩储层流体检测中的应用[J].天然气工业,2011,31(5):55-57.WU Furong,LI Yalin,WANG Dan,et al.Application ofAVO attribute to the detection of tight sandstone reser-voirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(5):55-57.
[11]谢玉洪,王振峰,周家雄,等.多角度同步反演在南海西部气田开发中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(1):37-41.XIE Yuhong,WANG Zhenfeng,ZHOU Jiaxiong,et al.Application of multi-angle synchronous inversion in thegas field development in the west of South China Sea[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2006,28(1):37-41.
[12]苑春方,彭苏萍,吕焱.Whitcombe扩展弹性波阻抗公式的改进[J].岩土力学,2009,30(2):3710-3714.YUAN Chunfang,PENG Suping,LYU Yan.Improve-ment of Whitcombe's extended elastic impedance formula[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,21(2):3710-3714.
[13]SYED I A.Application of extended elastic impedance:Acase study from Krishna-Godavari Basin,India[J].TheLeading Edge,2009,28(10):1204-1209.
[14]FERNANDO A.Pseudo-gamma ray volume from extendedelastic impedance inversion for gas exploration[J].TheLeading Edge,2004,23(6):536-540.
[15]周家雄,孙月成.地震技术在崖城13-1气田开发中的应用[J].天然气工业,2011,31(8):6-11.ZHOU Jiaxiong,SUN Yuecheng.Seismic technologies inthe development of the Yacheng 13-1Gas Field[J].Natu-ral Gas Industry,2011,31(8):6-11.
[2]彭真明,李亚林,梁波.叠前弹性阻抗在储层气水识别中的应用[J].天然气工业,2007,27(4):43-45.PENG Zhenming,LI Yalin,LIANG Bo.Application ofprestack elastic impedance inversion in gas and water rec-ognition of the reservoir[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(4):43-45.
[3]理查德A,约翰F.储层表征新进展[M].乔月,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:46-150.RICHARD A,JOHN F.New progress in reservoir charac-terization[M].QIAO Yue,Trans.Beijing:Petroleum Indus-try Press,2002:46-150.
[4]甘利灯,赵邦六,杜文辉.弹性阻抗在岩性与流体预测中的潜力分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):504-508.GAN Lideng,ZHAO Bangliu,DU Wenhui.The potential a-nalysis of elastic impedance in the lithology and fluid pre-diction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):504-508.
[5]马劲风.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):118-124.MA Jinfeng.Forward modeling and inversion method ofgeneralized elastic impedance in seismic exploration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(1):118-124.
[6]倪逸.弹性波阻抗计算的一种新方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2):147-155.NI Yi.A new method for calculation of elastic wave imped-ance[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(2):147-155.
[7]WHITCOMBE D N.Elastic impedance normalization[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):60-62.
[8]WHITCOMBE D N.Extended elastic impedance for fluidlithology prediction[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):63-67.
[9]唐湘蓉,贺振华,黄德济.扩展弹性阻抗理论入射角与实际入射角的等效关系研究[J].石油物探,2008,27(6):559-562.TANG Xiangrong,HE Zhenhua,HUANG Deji.Study of e-quivalent relation of extended elastic impedance theoreticalangle and actual incident angle[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2008,27(6):559-562.
[10]巫芙蓉,李亚林,王聃,等.AVO属性在致密砂岩储层流体检测中的应用[J].天然气工业,2011,31(5):55-57.WU Furong,LI Yalin,WANG Dan,et al.Application ofAVO attribute to the detection of tight sandstone reser-voirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(5):55-57.
[11]谢玉洪,王振峰,周家雄,等.多角度同步反演在南海西部气田开发中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(1):37-41.XIE Yuhong,WANG Zhenfeng,ZHOU Jiaxiong,et al.Application of multi-angle synchronous inversion in thegas field development in the west of South China Sea[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2006,28(1):37-41.
[12]苑春方,彭苏萍,吕焱.Whitcombe扩展弹性波阻抗公式的改进[J].岩土力学,2009,30(2):3710-3714.YUAN Chunfang,PENG Suping,LYU Yan.Improve-ment of Whitcombe's extended elastic impedance formula[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,21(2):3710-3714.
[13]SYED I A.Application of extended elastic impedance:Acase study from Krishna-Godavari Basin,India[J].TheLeading Edge,2009,28(10):1204-1209.
[14]FERNANDO A.Pseudo-gamma ray volume from extendedelastic impedance inversion for gas exploration[J].TheLeading Edge,2004,23(6):536-540.
[15]周家雄,孙月成.地震技术在崖城13-1气田开发中的应用[J].天然气工业,2011,31(8):6-11.ZHOU Jiaxiong,SUN Yuecheng.Seismic technologies inthe development of the Yacheng 13-1Gas Field[J].Natu-ral Gas Industry,2011,31(8):6-11.
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