正演方法识别滨里海中区块盐下真假构造
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摘要
在滨里海中区块地震时间剖面上,因高速盐丘的影响,盐丘下伏地层存在上拉现象,造成视觉上的假构造,给解释成图带来困难,也影响着钻探的效率.目前人们用变速成图和深度偏移的方法尚没能完全消除假构造的影响,主要原因是盐丘本身的速度不易精确刻画.在国内,因盐丘地质现象较少,识别盐下真假构造研究工作较少开展;而国外,也只是在最近几年叠前深度偏移技术实用之后,才有了一些研究进展.本文使用模型正演的方法,统计盐丘的平均层速度及其它各层的VSP或测井测量速度制作模型,找到了时间剖面上盐丘厚度与盐下地层向上拉伸量的变化规律.在实际应用中,识别确认了2个盐下真实构造、3个盐下假构造和2个可能真构造;其成果也已用于叠前深度偏移及构造成图分析等方面,并成为以后在类似地区的有效勘探方法之一.
In the time seismic section in Middle block of Pre-Caspian basin,influenced by the high velocity salt dome,the subsalt strata reflection were pulled up caused by the upper salt dome,this phenomenon leads to visual pseudo-structure,difficult seismic interpretation and mapping and low drilling efficiency.Presently,Velocity-varying mapping technique and depth migration could not yet eliminate the effect caused by salt dome due to the difficulty to depict the velocity of salt dome accurately.In our country,as salt dome phenomenon is not common,there isn't much study about identifying sub-salt structure;Abroad,there is some progress after the application of pre-stack depth migration in recent years.In this paper,the seismic forward modeling method was used to find the general rule dealing with the relation between the thickness of salt dome and the amount thickness of subsalt strata that have been pulled upward in time seismic section using salt dome statistical layer velocity and other VSP or logging velocity.By using this method,two real subsalt structures have been identified.Furthermore the method could also be used for analyzing of pre-stack depth migration and structure mapping and directing the next exploration methods.
In the time seismic section in Middle block of Pre-Caspian basin,influenced by the high velocity salt dome,the subsalt strata reflection were pulled up caused by the upper salt dome,this phenomenon leads to visual pseudo-structure,difficult seismic interpretation and mapping and low drilling efficiency.Presently,Velocity-varying mapping technique and depth migration could not yet eliminate the effect caused by salt dome due to the difficulty to depict the velocity of salt dome accurately.In our country,as salt dome phenomenon is not common,there isn't much study about identifying sub-salt structure;Abroad,there is some progress after the application of pre-stack depth migration in recent years.In this paper,the seismic forward modeling method was used to find the general rule dealing with the relation between the thickness of salt dome and the amount thickness of subsalt strata that have been pulled upward in time seismic section using salt dome statistical layer velocity and other VSP or logging velocity.By using this method,two real subsalt structures have been identified.Furthermore the method could also be used for analyzing of pre-stack depth migration and structure mapping and directing the next exploration methods.
引文
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[8]张金海,王卫民,赵连锋,姚振兴.傅里叶有限差分法三维波动方程正演模拟.地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1854-1862.ZHANG Jin-Hai;WANG Wei-Min;ZHAO Lian-Feng;YAOZhen-Xing.Modeling 3-D scalar waves using the Fourier finite-difference method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(6):1854-1862.
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[11]渥.伊尔马滋[美]著.地震数据处理[M].黄绪德,袁明德译.北京:石油工业出版社,1994:1-450.Hurstwood,El Ma Zi[USA].Seismic data processing[M].Huang Xude,Yuan Mingde Translation.Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1994:1-450.
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[13]熊小兵,贺振华.相位移加有限差分法波动方程正演模拟[J].石油物探,1998,37(3):22-28.Xiong Xiaobing,He Zhenhua.Phase-shift plus finite-difference wave equation forward modeling[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,1998,37(3):22-28.
[14]杨勤林,李国斌,许先华,郝涛,刘文卿.滨里海盆地东缘中区块盐下构造识别方法[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(3):1094-1100,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.03.033.YANG Qin-lin,LI Guo-bin,XU Xian-hua,HAO Tao,LIUWen-Qing.The methods of identifying sub-salt structure incentral block of eastern margin of Pre-Caspian basin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(3):1094-1100,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.03.033.
[15]张中杰,何樵登,徐中信.二维横向各向同性介质中人为边界反射的吸收——差分法弹性波场模拟.地球物理学报,1993,36(4):519-527.ZHANG ZHONG-JIE,HE QIAO-DENG,XU ZHONG-XIN.THE ABSORBTION OF ARTIFICAL BOUNDARYREFLECTION IN 2-D TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPICMEDIA WITH FDM-ELASTIC WAVEFIELDSMODELLING.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1993,36(4):519-527.
[16]廖建平,刘和秀,王华忠,杨天春,王齐仁,刘新华,马在田.二维频率空间域粘声波正演模拟研究[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):2075-2081,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.06.023.LIAO Jian-ping,LIU He-xiu,WANG Hua-zhong,YANGTian-chun,WANG Qi-ren,LIU Xin-hua,MA Zai-tian.Twodimensional Visco-acoustic Wave Modeling Research inFrequency-space Domain[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(6):2075-2081,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.06.023.
[2]张钋,刘洪,李幼铭.射线追踪方法的发展现状[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(1):36-45.Zhang Po,Liu Hong,Li Youming.THE SITUATION ANDPROGRESS OF RAY TRACING METOD RESAERCH[J].Progress in Geophysics,2000,15(1):36-45.
[3]王志美,畅永刚.射线追踪与波动方程正演模拟方法对比研究[J].科技资讯,2007,12:47-48.Wang Zhimei,Chang Yonggang.Ray tracing and waveequation forward modeling method contrast research[J].CIENCE&TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION,2007,12:47-48.
[4]吴清岭,张平,等.波动方程正演模型及应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1998,17(3):35-37.Wu Qingling,Zhang Ping.Wave equation’S forward modfl andits application[J].1998,17(3):35-37.
[5]王润秋,李兰兰,李会俭.塔里木地区勘探地震正演模拟研究.地球物理学报,2010,53(8):1875-1882,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.08.013.WANG Rui-Qiu,LI Lan-Lan,LI Hui-Jian.Forward modelingresearch for seismic exploration of Tarim area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(8):1875-1882,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.08.013.
[6]刘建华,郭惠捐,董晓丽.高精度波动方程正演模拟[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1994,8,26(4):1-4.Liu Jianhua,Guo Huijuan,Dong Xiaoli.Forward Modelling ofthe Wave Equation with Higher Accuracy[J].Social sciencesjournal of HaRbin institute of technology.1994,8,26(4):1-4.
[7]崔若福,吴保珍,等.波动方程正演模型技术及其在地震资料综合解释中的应用[J].复式油气田,1995,3,6(1):50-54.Chui Ruofu,Wu Baozheng,atc.Wave equation forwardmodeling technique in seismic data interpretation and itsapplication[J].Compound oil and gas field.1995,3,6(1):50-54.
[8]张金海,王卫民,赵连锋,姚振兴.傅里叶有限差分法三维波动方程正演模拟.地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1854-1862.ZHANG Jin-Hai;WANG Wei-Min;ZHAO Lian-Feng;YAOZhen-Xing.Modeling 3-D scalar waves using the Fourier finite-difference method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(6):1854-1862.
[9]奚先,姚姚.二维随机介质及波动方程正演模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,10,36(5):546-552.Xi Xian,Yao Yao.2-D random media and wave equationforward madeling[J].OGP,2001,10,36(5):546-552.
[10]李素华,王云,等.火山岩波动方程正演模拟研究[J].石油物探,2008,7,47(4):361-366.Li Suhua,Wang Yun,atc.Volcano rock wave equationforward modeling[J].Geophysical prospecting for petroleum.2008,7,47(4):361-366.
[11]渥.伊尔马滋[美]著.地震数据处理[M].黄绪德,袁明德译.北京:石油工业出版社,1994:1-450.Hurstwood,El Ma Zi[USA].Seismic data processing[M].Huang Xude,Yuan Mingde Translation.Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1994:1-450.
[12]金胜汶,陈必远,马在田.三维波动方程有限差分正演方法.地球物理学报,1994,37(6):804-810.JIN SHENG-WEN,CHEN BI-YUAN,MA ZAI-TIAN.THREE-DIMENSIONAL WAVE EQUATION FORWARDMODELLING BY THE FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHOD.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(6):804-810.
[13]熊小兵,贺振华.相位移加有限差分法波动方程正演模拟[J].石油物探,1998,37(3):22-28.Xiong Xiaobing,He Zhenhua.Phase-shift plus finite-difference wave equation forward modeling[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,1998,37(3):22-28.
[14]杨勤林,李国斌,许先华,郝涛,刘文卿.滨里海盆地东缘中区块盐下构造识别方法[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(3):1094-1100,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.03.033.YANG Qin-lin,LI Guo-bin,XU Xian-hua,HAO Tao,LIUWen-Qing.The methods of identifying sub-salt structure incentral block of eastern margin of Pre-Caspian basin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(3):1094-1100,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.03.033.
[15]张中杰,何樵登,徐中信.二维横向各向同性介质中人为边界反射的吸收——差分法弹性波场模拟.地球物理学报,1993,36(4):519-527.ZHANG ZHONG-JIE,HE QIAO-DENG,XU ZHONG-XIN.THE ABSORBTION OF ARTIFICAL BOUNDARYREFLECTION IN 2-D TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPICMEDIA WITH FDM-ELASTIC WAVEFIELDSMODELLING.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1993,36(4):519-527.
[16]廖建平,刘和秀,王华忠,杨天春,王齐仁,刘新华,马在田.二维频率空间域粘声波正演模拟研究[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):2075-2081,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.06.023.LIAO Jian-ping,LIU He-xiu,WANG Hua-zhong,YANGTian-chun,WANG Qi-ren,LIU Xin-hua,MA Zai-tian.Twodimensional Visco-acoustic Wave Modeling Research inFrequency-space Domain[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(6):2075-2081,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.06.023.
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