青藏高原东缘重力导纳模型均衡异常时空特征
摘要
青藏高原东缘地处南北地震带,在卫星自由空气重力异常图上对应明显的正负异常梯级带变化特征,沿着异常梯级带分布多条深大断裂,属于构造单元的边界区域.本文利用重力导纳分析方法,计算了该区重力导纳模型均衡异常背景场;通过与Airy模型和弹性板模型的均衡重力异常特征对比,结合地震活动性分布特点,评价均衡重力异常计算结果和选择计算参数;在此基础上,对比和分析了横跨青藏高原东缘边界南北三条剖面上的均衡异常响应特征;以此均衡重力背景场为参考,进一步解释了1998～2005年流动重力观测得到的重力异常场的时空变化特点.研究结果表明:导纳模型均衡异常更适用于构造边界等反均衡作用区,可反映壳内介质的横向不均衡分布特征.
Eastern margin of Tibetan plateau belongs to north-south seismic belt.There is a distinct variation characteristic of gradient zone of positive and negative anomaly on satellite anomaly figure of free air gravity.Along the anomaly zone,there are many deep faults.The eastern margin is also a boundary region of tectonic units.In this paper,we used the gravitational admittance theory and method to compute the background isostasy anomaly of gravitational admittance model in this region.Through comparing the isostasy anomaly characteristics of Airy model and elastic plate model and analyzing the regional seismic activity,we evaluated the results and optimized the parameter used for calculation.Based on this,we finished the comparison and analysis of isostasy anomaly response characteristics along three profiles across the eastern margin of Tibetan plateau,and taking this isostasy anomaly background as the reference field,further explained the temporal and spatial features of mobile gravity measurement dataset of 1998～2005.
Eastern margin of Tibetan plateau belongs to north-south seismic belt.There is a distinct variation characteristic of gradient zone of positive and negative anomaly on satellite anomaly figure of free air gravity.Along the anomaly zone,there are many deep faults.The eastern margin is also a boundary region of tectonic units.In this paper,we used the gravitational admittance theory and method to compute the background isostasy anomaly of gravitational admittance model in this region.Through comparing the isostasy anomaly characteristics of Airy model and elastic plate model and analyzing the regional seismic activity,we evaluated the results and optimized the parameter used for calculation.Based on this,we finished the comparison and analysis of isostasy anomaly response characteristics along three profiles across the eastern margin of Tibetan plateau,and taking this isostasy anomaly background as the reference field,further explained the temporal and spatial features of mobile gravity measurement dataset of 1998～2005.
引文
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[13] 殷秀华,史志宏,刘占坡等.华北北部均衡重力异常的初步研究.地震地质,1 982,4(4) :27～34 Yin X H,Shi Z H,Liu Z P,et al.Preliminary study on the isostatic gravitational anomaly in the north of northern China.Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) ,1982,4(4) :27～34
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[18] 孙文科.低轨道人造卫星(CHAMP、GRACE、GOCE)与高精度地球重力场卫星重力大地测量的最新发展及其对地球科学的重大影响.大地测量学与地球动力学,2009,22(1) :92～100 Sun W K.Satellite in low orbit (CHAMP,GRACE,GOCE) and high precision earth gravity field:the latest progress of satellite gravity geodesy and its great influence on geoscience.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese),2009,22(1) :92～100
[19] Chao B F.On inversion for mass distribution from global (time-variable) gravity field.Journal of Geodynamics,2005,39:223～230
[20] Pollitz F F.A New Class of Earthquake Observations.Science,2006,313:619～620
[21] Kuo J T,Sun Y F.Modeling gravity variations caused by dilatancies.Tectonophysics,1993,227:127～143
[22] 顾功叙,郭宗汾,刘克人等.中国京津唐张地区时间上连续的重力变化与地震的孕育和发生.科学通报,1997,42(18) :1920～1930 Gu G X,Kuo J T,Liu K R,et al.Time continuity of gravity variation in the BJTZ region and earthquake development and occurrence.Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese) ,1997,42(18) :1920～1930
[23] 卢红艳,郑金涵,刘端法等.1985～2003京津唐张地区重力变化.地球物理学进展,2004,19(4) :887～892 Lu H Y,Zheng J H,Liu D F,et al.Gravity variation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan-Zhangjiakou region during the period of 1985～2003． Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) ,2004,19(4) :887～892
[24] 祝意青,王庆良,徐云马.我国流动重力监测预报发展的思考.国际地震动态,2008,(9) :19～25 Zhu Y Q,Wang Q L,Xu Y M.Thoughts on the development of Earthquake Monitoring and Prediction in mobile gravity.Recent Developments in World Seismology (in Chinese),2008 ,(9) :19～25
[25] 祝意青,徐云马,吕弋培等.龙门山断裂带重力变化与汶川8． 0级地震关系研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(10) :2538～2546 Zhu Y Q,Xu Y M,LiiYP,et al.Relations between gravity variation of Longmenshan fault zone and Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese) ,2009,52 (10) :2538～2546
[26] 申重阳,李辉,孙少安.重力场动态变化与汶川M_s8． 0地 震孕育过程.地球物理学报,2009,52(10) :2547～2557 Shen C Y,Li H,Su S A.Dynamic variations of gravity and the preparation process of the Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese) ,2009 ,52(10) :2547～2557
[27] 祝意青,梁伟锋,徐云马.重力资料对2008年汶川M_s8． 0地震的中期预测.国际地震动态,2008,(7) :36～39 Zhu Y Q,Liang W F,Xu Y M.Medium-term prediction of M_s8． 0 earthquake in Wenchuan,Sichuan by mobile gravity.Recent Developments in World Seismology (in Chinese),2008,(7) :36～39
[28] Kaban M K,Schwintzer P,Artemieva I M,et al.Density of the continental roots:compositional and thermal contributions.Earthand Planetary Science Letters,2003,209:53～69
[29] Kaban M K,Schwintzer P,Reigber C.A new isostatic model of the lithosphere and gravity field.Journal of Geodesy,2004,78:368～385
[30] Kaban M K,Schwintzer P,Tikhotsky S A,et al.A global isostatic gravity model of the Earth.Geophys.J.Int.,1999,136:519～536
[31] Watts A.Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.2001． 458
[32] Sandwell D T,Smith W H F.Global marine gravity from retracked Geosat and ERS-1 altimetry:Ridge segmentation versus spreading rate.J.Geophys.Res.,2009,114:B01411
[33] 章传银,郭春喜,陈俊勇等.EGM2008地球重力场模型在中国大陆适用性分析.测绘学报,2009,38(4) :83～89 Zhang C Y,Guo C X,Chen J Y,et al.EGM 2008 and its application analysis in Chinese mainland.Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica (in Chinese) ,2009,38(4) :83～89
[34] Jin Y,McNutt M K,Zhu Y S.Evidence from gravity and topography data for folding of Tibet.Nature,1994,371(20) :669～674
[2] 曹建玲,石耀霖,张怀等.青藏高原GPS位移绕喜马拉雅东构造结顺时针旋转成因的数值模拟.科学通报,2009,54(2) :224～234 Cao J L,Shi Y L,Zhang H,et al.Numerical simulation of GPS observed clockwise rotation around the eastern Himalayan syntax in the Tibetan Plateau.Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese),2009,54(2) :224～234
[3] 楼海,王椿镛,吕智勇等.2008年汶川M_s8． 0级地震的深部构造环境远震P波接收函数和布格重力异常的联合解释.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(10) :1207～1220 Lou H ,Wang C Y,Lv Z Y,et al.Deep tectonic condition of the Ms8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan,China.Science in China (Series D) (in Chinese) ,2008,38(10) :1207～1220
[4] 滕吉文,白登海,杨辉等.2008汶川M_s8． 0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应.地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1 385～1402 Teng J W,Bai D H,Yang H,et al.Deep processes and dynamic responses associated with the Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake of 2008． Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5) :1385～1402
[5] 李勇,徐公达,周荣军等.龙门山均衡重力异常及其对青藏高原东缘山脉地壳隆升的约束.地质通报,2005,24(12) :1162～11 68Li Y,Xu G D,Zhou R J,et al.Isostatic gravity anomalies in the Longmen Mountains and their constraints on the crustal uplift below the mountains on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Geological Bulletin of China (in Chinese),2005,24(12) :1162～1168
[6] 方盛明,冯锐,田长征等.亚洲中部地区均衡重力异常特征及地震活动性.地震学报,1997,19(6) :650～654 Fang S M,Feng R,Tian C Z,et al.Features of isostatic gravity anomaly and seismic activity in the Central Asian region.Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese),1997,19(6) :650～654
[7] 方盛明,冯锐,谢志诚等.亚洲中部地区岩石圈均衡补偿深度和弹性板模型反演结果分析.地球物理学报,1999,42:115～122 Fang S M,Feng R,Xie Z C,et al.Equilibrium compensation depth and inversion analyses for elastic slab model of the lithosphere in the central Asian region.Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese),1999,42:115～122
[8] 方盛明,冯锐,李长法等.亚洲中部地区地慢上部密度非均匀性研究.科学通报,1997,42(6) :633～637Fang S M,Feng R,Li C F,et al.Density inhomogeneity in upper mantle Central Asian Region.Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese),1997,42(6) :633～637
[9] 冯锐,王均,郑书真等.论华北地区的均衡状态(一).地震学报,1987,9(4) :406～416 Feng R,Wang J,Zheng S Z,et al.Isostatic status in North China (1) .Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese),1987,9(4) :406～416
[10] 冯锐,张若水,郑书真等.论华北地区的均衡状态(二).地震学报,1 988,10(4) :385～395 Feng R,Zhang R S,Zheng S Z,et al.Isostatic status in North China (2) .Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese),1988,10(4) :385～395
[11] 冯锐,郑书真.对华北岩石圈构造的综合研究.科学通报,1987,22:1724～1727 Feng R,Zheng S Z.Integrated study of continental lithosphere structure in North China.Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese),1987,22:1724～1727
[12] 蒋福珍.华北地区重力场变化与构造运动的关系.地壳形变与地震,1 998,18(1) :38～45 Jang F Z.Primary study on the variation of gravity field of northern China and its relationship with tectonic movements.Crustal Deformation and Earthquake (in Chinese) ,1998,18(1) :38～45
[13] 殷秀华,史志宏,刘占坡等.华北北部均衡重力异常的初步研究.地震地质,1 982,4(4) :27～34 Yin X H,Shi Z H,Liu Z P,et al.Preliminary study on the isostatic gravitational anomaly in the north of northern China.Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) ,1982,4(4) :27～34
[14] 王谦身,滕吉文,张永谦等.四川中西部地区地壳结构与重力均衡.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :579～583 Wang Q S,Teng J W,Zhang Y Q,et al.The crustal structure and gravity isostasy in the middle western Sichuan area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese) ,2009 ,52(2) :579～583
[15] 王谦身,滕吉文,张永谦等.龙门山断裂系及邻区地壳重力均衡效应与汶川地震.地球物理学进展,2008,23(6) :1664～1670 Wang Q S,The effect of crustal gravity isostasy and Wenchuan earthquake in Longmenshan faults and adjacent area.Progress in Gephysics (in Chinese) ,2008,23(6) :1664～1670
[16] Clark M,Royden L H.Topographic ooze:building the eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow.Geology,2000,28(8) :703～706
[17] 朱守彪,张培震.2008年汶川M_s8． 0地震发生过程的动力学机制研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :418～427 Zhu S B,Zhang P Z.A study on the dynamical mechanisms of the Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2) :418～427
[18] 孙文科.低轨道人造卫星(CHAMP、GRACE、GOCE)与高精度地球重力场卫星重力大地测量的最新发展及其对地球科学的重大影响.大地测量学与地球动力学,2009,22(1) :92～100 Sun W K.Satellite in low orbit (CHAMP,GRACE,GOCE) and high precision earth gravity field:the latest progress of satellite gravity geodesy and its great influence on geoscience.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese),2009,22(1) :92～100
[19] Chao B F.On inversion for mass distribution from global (time-variable) gravity field.Journal of Geodynamics,2005,39:223～230
[20] Pollitz F F.A New Class of Earthquake Observations.Science,2006,313:619～620
[21] Kuo J T,Sun Y F.Modeling gravity variations caused by dilatancies.Tectonophysics,1993,227:127～143
[22] 顾功叙,郭宗汾,刘克人等.中国京津唐张地区时间上连续的重力变化与地震的孕育和发生.科学通报,1997,42(18) :1920～1930 Gu G X,Kuo J T,Liu K R,et al.Time continuity of gravity variation in the BJTZ region and earthquake development and occurrence.Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese) ,1997,42(18) :1920～1930
[23] 卢红艳,郑金涵,刘端法等.1985～2003京津唐张地区重力变化.地球物理学进展,2004,19(4) :887～892 Lu H Y,Zheng J H,Liu D F,et al.Gravity variation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan-Zhangjiakou region during the period of 1985～2003． Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) ,2004,19(4) :887～892
[24] 祝意青,王庆良,徐云马.我国流动重力监测预报发展的思考.国际地震动态,2008,(9) :19～25 Zhu Y Q,Wang Q L,Xu Y M.Thoughts on the development of Earthquake Monitoring and Prediction in mobile gravity.Recent Developments in World Seismology (in Chinese),2008 ,(9) :19～25
[25] 祝意青,徐云马,吕弋培等.龙门山断裂带重力变化与汶川8． 0级地震关系研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(10) :2538～2546 Zhu Y Q,Xu Y M,LiiYP,et al.Relations between gravity variation of Longmenshan fault zone and Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese) ,2009,52 (10) :2538～2546
[26] 申重阳,李辉,孙少安.重力场动态变化与汶川M_s8． 0地 震孕育过程.地球物理学报,2009,52(10) :2547～2557 Shen C Y,Li H,Su S A.Dynamic variations of gravity and the preparation process of the Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese) ,2009 ,52(10) :2547～2557
[27] 祝意青,梁伟锋,徐云马.重力资料对2008年汶川M_s8． 0地震的中期预测.国际地震动态,2008,(7) :36～39 Zhu Y Q,Liang W F,Xu Y M.Medium-term prediction of M_s8． 0 earthquake in Wenchuan,Sichuan by mobile gravity.Recent Developments in World Seismology (in Chinese),2008,(7) :36～39
[28] Kaban M K,Schwintzer P,Artemieva I M,et al.Density of the continental roots:compositional and thermal contributions.Earthand Planetary Science Letters,2003,209:53～69
[29] Kaban M K,Schwintzer P,Reigber C.A new isostatic model of the lithosphere and gravity field.Journal of Geodesy,2004,78:368～385
[30] Kaban M K,Schwintzer P,Tikhotsky S A,et al.A global isostatic gravity model of the Earth.Geophys.J.Int.,1999,136:519～536
[31] Watts A.Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.2001． 458
[32] Sandwell D T,Smith W H F.Global marine gravity from retracked Geosat and ERS-1 altimetry:Ridge segmentation versus spreading rate.J.Geophys.Res.,2009,114:B01411
[33] 章传银,郭春喜,陈俊勇等.EGM2008地球重力场模型在中国大陆适用性分析.测绘学报,2009,38(4) :83～89 Zhang C Y,Guo C X,Chen J Y,et al.EGM 2008 and its application analysis in Chinese mainland.Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica (in Chinese) ,2009,38(4) :83～89
[34] Jin Y,McNutt M K,Zhu Y S.Evidence from gravity and topography data for folding of Tibet.Nature,1994,371(20) :669～674
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