金门地区海岸阶地研究
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摘要
海岸阶地的形成通常是海平面变动、地壳变动或两者共同作用之结果.对于海阶的研究除了可印证推论古气候、往昔海平面变化及地壳变动状况,还可藉以了解各区域间变动的差异,全盘了解大地构造的意义;小规模的海阶变动,时常与地震活动伴生,因此,研究海阶更可作为判读地震周期的依据之一.世界各地位于地壳活动带的国家对海阶的形态与演育过程均作详细的调查及研究.距今2亿年前的三叠纪晚期的一系列构造运动,形成福建沿海地区的区域变质带和长乐-南澳断裂带,由于构造运动的影响,于断裂带东缘形成了一系列岛屿,金门列岛的形成,与中国东南沿海的造山运动有着密切关系,皆受到影响而产生变动.金门地区的海阶,共有11段阶地,海拔依序为0～10 m、15～25 m、30～45 m、50～65 m、70～80 m、90～120 m、130～154 m、160～165 m、190～208 m、215～225 m、230～250 m,依据晚更新世海阶序列与隆升率关系对比基图迭合法的推估,各段阶地的年代分别为6 ka BP、46 ka BP、57 ka BP、64 ka BP、80 ka BP、100 ka BP、103 ka BP、120ka BP、176 ka BP、190ka BP、202 ka BP,除了第一阶为全新世时期所形成,其余皆为更新世时期的产物,针对金门列岛海阶的高度与间距做对比,得知该区的平均隆升速率为1.3 mm/a.
The tectonic movements of Changle-Nan′ao(Zhao′an)fault zone occurred in late Jurassic.Due to the influence of tectonic movements and magmatic activities,a series of islands,including the Kinmen Islands,formed off the coast of southeast China.This study shows that on the Kinmen Islands there are 11 marine terraces,with heights of 0~10 m,15~25 m,30~45 m,50~65 m、70~80 m,90~120 m,130~154 m,160~165 m,195~208 m,215~225m and 230~250m.Based on the relationship between late Pleistocene marine terraces sequence and uplift rate base map,we have estimated the formation age of various marine terraces,that is 6 ka BP,46 ka BP,57 ka BP,64 ka BP,80 ka BP,100 ka BP,103 ka BP,120 ka BP,176 ka BP,190 ka BP and 202 ka BP.The terraces formed in Pleistocene except the first step in Pliocene.The basement average uplift rate is estimated to be 1.3 mm/a after we compared the height and spacing of marine terraces on the Kinmen Islands.
The tectonic movements of Changle-Nan′ao(Zhao′an)fault zone occurred in late Jurassic.Due to the influence of tectonic movements and magmatic activities,a series of islands,including the Kinmen Islands,formed off the coast of southeast China.This study shows that on the Kinmen Islands there are 11 marine terraces,with heights of 0~10 m,15~25 m,30~45 m,50~65 m、70~80 m,90~120 m,130~154 m,160~165 m,195~208 m,215~225m and 230~250m.Based on the relationship between late Pleistocene marine terraces sequence and uplift rate base map,we have estimated the formation age of various marine terraces,that is 6 ka BP,46 ka BP,57 ka BP,64 ka BP,80 ka BP,100 ka BP,103 ka BP,120 ka BP,176 ka BP,190 ka BP and 202 ka BP.The terraces formed in Pleistocene except the first step in Pliocene.The basement average uplift rate is estimated to be 1.3 mm/a after we compared the height and spacing of marine terraces on the Kinmen Islands.
引文
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[17]Tung Ter-huei,Teng Kou-hsiung,Liu Chia-yi,et al.The Research of Marine Terraces on Northwestern Taiwan[J].Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment,2011,6(3):1-12[董德辉,邓国雄,刘佳怡,等.台湾西北部海岸阶地的研究[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2011,6(4):1-12.〗
[18]Xu Zhong-min.Late Quaternary tectonics of Hengchun Peninsula southern Taiwan[D].Geology of Department,NTU,1986.许中民.台湾南端恒春半岛第四纪后期构造运动之研究[D].台北:台湾大学地质学研究所,1986.]
[19]Ota Y,Omura A.Review of coral reef terrace studies at Kikai Island,Ryukyu Islands,southwestern Japan[J].The Quater-nary Research,2000,39(1):45-53.(in Japanese)
[20]Ota Y.Sea-level changes during the last 70 to 30 ka,deduced from coral terrace data on the Huon Peninsula,with Commentson Moriwaki[J].The Quaternary Research,1998,37(3):177-180.(in Japanese)
[21]Teng K H,Kau C J,Wen Z D,et al.A geomorphological study of marine terraces in Lu-Tao and Lan-Hsu[J].Journal ofTaipei Municipal Teachers College,1989,(20):35-82.[邓国雄,高庆珍,闻祝达等.兰屿、绿岛海阶的地形学研究[J].台北市立师范学院学报,1989,(20):35-82.]
[22]Wu Xi-liang.Rates of the vertical movements of the fault blocks along the coast of the coast of Fujian province during the last10000yrs[J].Journal of Fuzhou Teachers College,2002,22(2):41-46.[巫锡良.福建沿海一万年来断块升降运动速率[J].福州师专学报,2002,22(2):41-46.]
[23]Zhang Jing-wen,Li Gui-ying,Zhao Xi-tao.Chronological studies on the Late Quaternary stratigraphy and Neotectonic move-ment along the coastal area of south Fujian and east Guangdong[J].Seismology and Geology,1982,4(9):27-37.[张景文,李桂英,赵希涛.闽南粤东沿海晚第四纪地曾与新构造运动的年代学研究[J].地震地质,1982,4(3):27-37.]
[24]Wang Jing-tai,Wang Pin-xian.Relationship between sea-level changes and climatic fluctuations in East China since LatePleistocene[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1980,35(4):299-312.[王靖泰,汪品先.中国东部晚更新世以来海面升降与气候变迁的关系[J].地理学报,1980,35(4):299-312.]
[2]Chen Pei-Yuan.Report on geology and mineral reports on Quemoy islands,Fuchien.Mining Research and Service Organiza-tion,MOEA,1970.[陈培源.金门岛及烈嶼矿产勘查报告(金门岛及烈屿地质说明书)[R].经济部联合矿业研究所,1970.]
[3]Lan Ching-Ying,Chung S L,Mertzman S A.Mineralogy and geochemistry of granitic rocks from Chinmen,Liehyu and Dadanislands,Fujian[J].Journal of the Geological Society of China,1997,40(3):527-558.[蓝晶莹,锺孙霖,马兹门.福建金门、烈屿及大胆花岗岩类岩石之矿物学及地球化学研究[J].中国地质学会会刊,1997,40(3):527-558.]
[4]Li Ji-Yu.Chronology and geochemistry of basaltic rocks from Penghu Islands and mafic dikes from east Fujian:Implications forthe mantle evolution of SE China since late Mesozoic[D].Department of Geosciences,NTU,1994.[李寄嵎.澎湖地区玄武岩类与福建地区基性脉岩之定年学与地球化学研究兼论中生代晚期以来中国东南地函之演化[D].台湾大学地质学研究所,1994.]
[5]Chen Pei-Yuan.Studies of the Quaternary clays and clay minerals from Chinmen Island,Fukien[J].The Taiwan Mining In-dustry17,1966:45-71.[陈培源.福建金门岛第四纪地层黏土与黏土矿物[J].台湾矿业第十七号,1966:45-71.]
[6]Veeh H H.Th/U and U/U ages of Pleistocene high sea level stand[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1966,71(14):3379-3386.
[7]Machita H.Pleistocene sea level of south Kanto,Japan[J].Quaternary Studies,1975,(13):215-222.
[8]Bloom A L.Late Quaternary sea level change on south Pacific coasts:A study in tectonic diversity[B]//Morner N A.Ear-thRheology,Isostasy and Eustasy.JohnWily&Sons.1980:505-516.
[9]Chappell J.A revised sea-level record for the last 300 000 years from Papua New Guinea[J].Search,1983,14(3/4):99-101.
[10]Tung Ter-huei,Wang Hua-ti,Teng Kou-hsiung.The Study of Marine Terraces on Matsu Islands[J].Acta Geographica Sini-ca,2011,66(3):340-347.[董德辉,王花俤,邓国雄.马祖列岛海岸阶地研究,地理学报,2011,66(3)340-347]
[11]Chen Pei-yuan.Geology of the Matsu Islands,with a discussion of the igneous activities and area of Fukien[J].Bulletin ofGeological Survey of Taiwan,1974,(24):89-98.[陈培源.马祖群岛地质[J].台湾省地质调查所汇刊,1974,(24):89-98.]
[12]Bloom A L,Broecker W S,Chappell J M A,et al.Quaternary sea level fluctuations on a tectonic coast:New 230Th/234Udates from the Huon Peninsula,New Guinea[J].Quat.Res.,1974,4:185-205.
[13]Chappell J.Geology of coral terraces,Huon Peninsula,New Guinea:A study of Quaternary tectonic movements and sea-levelchanges[J].Geo.Soc.Am.Bull.,1974,85:553-570.
[14]Bull W B.Correlation of flights of global marine terraces,in marine[B]//Morisawa,John Hack.Tectonic Geomorpholo-gy.Boston,Allen&Unwin.1985:129-152.
[15]Omura A,Ota Y.Paleo sea-level change during the last 300,000 years deduced from the morpho-stratigraphy of coral reefterraces and 230Th/234U ages of terrace deposits[J].The Quaternary Research,1992,31(5):313-327.(in Japanese)
[16]三好真澄.日本における最終間氷期以降の更新世海成段丘の形成期—隆起速度に基づいた年代推定.地理学评论,1983,56(12):819-834.
[16]Xu Zhong-min.Late Quaternary tectonics of Hengchun Peninsula southern Taiwan[D].Geology of Department,NTU,1986.[许中民.台湾南端恒春半岛第四纪后期构造运动之研究[D].台北:台湾大学地质学研究所,1986.]
[17]Tung Ter-huei,Teng Kou-hsiung,Liu Chia-yi,et al.The Research of Marine Terraces on Northwestern Taiwan[J].Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment,2011,6(3):1-12[董德辉,邓国雄,刘佳怡,等.台湾西北部海岸阶地的研究[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2011,6(4):1-12.〗
[18]Xu Zhong-min.Late Quaternary tectonics of Hengchun Peninsula southern Taiwan[D].Geology of Department,NTU,1986.许中民.台湾南端恒春半岛第四纪后期构造运动之研究[D].台北:台湾大学地质学研究所,1986.]
[19]Ota Y,Omura A.Review of coral reef terrace studies at Kikai Island,Ryukyu Islands,southwestern Japan[J].The Quater-nary Research,2000,39(1):45-53.(in Japanese)
[20]Ota Y.Sea-level changes during the last 70 to 30 ka,deduced from coral terrace data on the Huon Peninsula,with Commentson Moriwaki[J].The Quaternary Research,1998,37(3):177-180.(in Japanese)
[21]Teng K H,Kau C J,Wen Z D,et al.A geomorphological study of marine terraces in Lu-Tao and Lan-Hsu[J].Journal ofTaipei Municipal Teachers College,1989,(20):35-82.[邓国雄,高庆珍,闻祝达等.兰屿、绿岛海阶的地形学研究[J].台北市立师范学院学报,1989,(20):35-82.]
[22]Wu Xi-liang.Rates of the vertical movements of the fault blocks along the coast of the coast of Fujian province during the last10000yrs[J].Journal of Fuzhou Teachers College,2002,22(2):41-46.[巫锡良.福建沿海一万年来断块升降运动速率[J].福州师专学报,2002,22(2):41-46.]
[23]Zhang Jing-wen,Li Gui-ying,Zhao Xi-tao.Chronological studies on the Late Quaternary stratigraphy and Neotectonic move-ment along the coastal area of south Fujian and east Guangdong[J].Seismology and Geology,1982,4(9):27-37.[张景文,李桂英,赵希涛.闽南粤东沿海晚第四纪地曾与新构造运动的年代学研究[J].地震地质,1982,4(3):27-37.]
[24]Wang Jing-tai,Wang Pin-xian.Relationship between sea-level changes and climatic fluctuations in East China since LatePleistocene[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1980,35(4):299-312.[王靖泰,汪品先.中国东部晚更新世以来海面升降与气候变迁的关系[J].地理学报,1980,35(4):299-312.]
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