叠前PS波Q值提取与稳定高效的反Q滤波算法
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摘要
多波多分量地震勘探是进行岩性油气藏和隐蔽油气藏勘探的一种非常有潜力的方法。但由于实际地层是黏弹介质,造成地震波能量衰减和波形畸变,导致地震资料信噪比和分辨率难以满足油气勘探的精度要求。为更好地利用纵横波信息,需要对PP波和PS波进行振幅和相位补偿。通过解析法推导出一种从叠前转换波共炮点道集中提取横波Q值的方法,将叠后稳定高效的反Q滤波算法推广到叠前纵波和转换波的反Q滤波中,改进了沿着纵波和转换波的传播路径进行补偿的叠前反Q滤波算法,并进一步将常Q层内的纵波和转换波反Q滤波振幅补偿算子解耦为时间项和频率项的乘积,在保证补偿效果稳定的前提下,计算效率得到显著提高。
Multi-component seismic technique is a very potential method to explore lithologic reservoirs and explore stubtle reservoirs.Because the real formation is viscoelastic medium,which causes the energy dissipation and waveform distortion,the S/N ratio and resolution of seismic data hardly to meet the requirements of oil and gas exploration.In order to use the information of P-and S-waves better,the authors need to compensate both phase and amplitude of PP-and PS-waves.A method to extract the S-wave Q value from common source gathers of prestack converted wave has been derived using analytical method.The method extends the stable and efficient poststack inverse Q filtering algorithm to prestack inverse Q filtering for PP-and PS-waves,then improves the prestack inverse Q filtering algorithm to compensate for the seismic signals along the propagation path of PP-and PS-waves.Finally,within the current constant Q layer,the authors decouple the amplitude operator which is travelling with PP-and converted PS-waves to the product of time and frequency.The result of simulation shows that this algorithm obviously increases the efficiency of compensation on the premise of stability.
Multi-component seismic technique is a very potential method to explore lithologic reservoirs and explore stubtle reservoirs.Because the real formation is viscoelastic medium,which causes the energy dissipation and waveform distortion,the S/N ratio and resolution of seismic data hardly to meet the requirements of oil and gas exploration.In order to use the information of P-and S-waves better,the authors need to compensate both phase and amplitude of PP-and PS-waves.A method to extract the S-wave Q value from common source gathers of prestack converted wave has been derived using analytical method.The method extends the stable and efficient poststack inverse Q filtering algorithm to prestack inverse Q filtering for PP-and PS-waves,then improves the prestack inverse Q filtering algorithm to compensate for the seismic signals along the propagation path of PP-and PS-waves.Finally,within the current constant Q layer,the authors decouple the amplitude operator which is travelling with PP-and converted PS-waves to the product of time and frequency.The result of simulation shows that this algorithm obviously increases the efficiency of compensation on the premise of stability.
引文
[1]马昭军,唐建明,徐天吉.多波多分量地震勘探技术研究进展[J].勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(4):247-253.MA Zhao-jun,TANG Jian-ming,XU Tian-ji.Progresson multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2010,33(4):247-253.
[2]王宁,吕希华,闫磊,等.三维方位各向异性介质数值模拟及波场分析[J].世界地质,2010,29(1):130-138.WANG Ning,LU Xi-hua,YAN Lei,et al.Numericalsimulation and wave field analysis of 3-D azimuthal ani-sotropy media[J].Global Geology,2010,29(1):130-138.
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[4]韩佳君,韩立国,巩向博,等.基于波动理论的近地表散射噪音衰减[J]世界地质,2010,29(2):310-313,322.HAN Jia-jun,HAN Li-guo,GONG Xiang-bo,et al.Attenuation of near-surface scattering noise based on wavetheory[J].Global Geology,2010,29(2):310-313,322.
[5]崔杰,韩立国,单刚义.含衰减的零偏移距VSP正演模拟及Q值的提取[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(2):125-129.CUI Jie,HAN Li-guo,SHAN Gang-yi.Zero-offset VSPforward modeling including attenuation and estimation ofQ[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edi-tion,2006,36(2):125-129.
[6]刘冰,王德利,巩向博,等.基于VSP资料进行的吸收系数Q值反演[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2007,37(1):49-52.LIU Bing,WANG De-li,GONG Xiang-bo,et al.Ab-sorption coefficient quality factor(Q)inversion based onVSP data[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Sci-ence Edition,2007,37(1):49-52.
[7]Dasgupta R,Clark R A.Estimation of Q from surfaceseismic reflection data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(6):2120-2128.
[8]Zhang C J,Ulrych T J.Estimation of quality factors fromCMP records[J].Geophysics,2002,67(5):1542-1547.
[9]LIU Yang,WEI Xiu-cheng.Interval Q inversion fromCMP gathers:part I-absorption equation[C]//SEGAnnual Meeting.Houston:SEG,2005:1717-1720.
[10]LIU Yang,WEI Xiu-cheng.Interval Q inversion fromCMP gathers:part II-inversion method[C]//SEGAnnual Meeting.Houston:SEG,2005:1721-1724.
[11]Carderon-Macias C,Qrtiz-Osornio M,Ramos-MartinezJ.Estimation of quality factors from converted-wave PSdata[C]//SEG Annual Meeting.Denver:SEG,2004:865-868.
[12]YAN Hong-yong,LIU Yang.Estimation of Q and in-verse Q filtering for prestack reflected PP-and convertedPS-waves[J].Applied Geophysics,2009,6(1):59-69.
[13]Hargreaves N D,Calvert A J.Inverse Q-filtering byFourier transform[J].Geophysics,1991,56(4):519-527.
[14]Wang Y H.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Qfiltering[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):657-663.
[15]Wang Y H.Inverse Q-filter for seismic resolution en-hancement[J].Geophysics,2006,71(3):51-60.
[16]苑书金.叠前地震反演技术的进展及其在岩性油气藏勘探中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,22(3):879-886.YUAN Shu-jin.Progress of pre-stack inversion and ap-plication in exploration of the lithological reservoirs[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2007,22(3):879-886.
[17]任浩然,王华忠,张立彬.沿射线路径的波动方程延拓吸收与衰减补偿方法[J].石油物探,2007,46(6):557-561.REN Hao-ran,WANG Hua-zhong,ZHANG Li-bin.Compensation for absorption and attenuation using waveequation continuation along ray path[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2007,46(6):557-561.
[18]余振,王彦春,何静,等.反Q滤波方法研究综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(5):309-314,325.YU Zhen,WANG Yan-chun,HE Jing,et al.A re-view of inverse Q filtering methods[J].Progress in Ex-ploration Geophysics,2009,32(5):309-314,325.
[19]张显文.储层地震预测技术与储层地球物理参数反演:博士学位论文[D].长春:吉林大学,2010.ZHANG Xian-wen.The reservoir seismic predictiontechnology and reservoir geophysics parameters inver-sion:Ph'D dissertation[D].Changchun:Jilin Uni-versity,2010.
[2]王宁,吕希华,闫磊,等.三维方位各向异性介质数值模拟及波场分析[J].世界地质,2010,29(1):130-138.WANG Ning,LU Xi-hua,YAN Lei,et al.Numericalsimulation and wave field analysis of 3-D azimuthal ani-sotropy media[J].Global Geology,2010,29(1):130-138.
[3]郭智奇,刘财,冯晅,等.各向异性衰减与AVO分析[J].世界地质,2010,40(2):432-438,460.GUO Zhi-qi,LIU Cai,FENG Xuan,et al.AttenuationAnisotropy and AVO analysis[J].Global Geology,2010,40(2):432-438,460.
[4]韩佳君,韩立国,巩向博,等.基于波动理论的近地表散射噪音衰减[J]世界地质,2010,29(2):310-313,322.HAN Jia-jun,HAN Li-guo,GONG Xiang-bo,et al.Attenuation of near-surface scattering noise based on wavetheory[J].Global Geology,2010,29(2):310-313,322.
[5]崔杰,韩立国,单刚义.含衰减的零偏移距VSP正演模拟及Q值的提取[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(2):125-129.CUI Jie,HAN Li-guo,SHAN Gang-yi.Zero-offset VSPforward modeling including attenuation and estimation ofQ[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edi-tion,2006,36(2):125-129.
[6]刘冰,王德利,巩向博,等.基于VSP资料进行的吸收系数Q值反演[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2007,37(1):49-52.LIU Bing,WANG De-li,GONG Xiang-bo,et al.Ab-sorption coefficient quality factor(Q)inversion based onVSP data[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Sci-ence Edition,2007,37(1):49-52.
[7]Dasgupta R,Clark R A.Estimation of Q from surfaceseismic reflection data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(6):2120-2128.
[8]Zhang C J,Ulrych T J.Estimation of quality factors fromCMP records[J].Geophysics,2002,67(5):1542-1547.
[9]LIU Yang,WEI Xiu-cheng.Interval Q inversion fromCMP gathers:part I-absorption equation[C]//SEGAnnual Meeting.Houston:SEG,2005:1717-1720.
[10]LIU Yang,WEI Xiu-cheng.Interval Q inversion fromCMP gathers:part II-inversion method[C]//SEGAnnual Meeting.Houston:SEG,2005:1721-1724.
[11]Carderon-Macias C,Qrtiz-Osornio M,Ramos-MartinezJ.Estimation of quality factors from converted-wave PSdata[C]//SEG Annual Meeting.Denver:SEG,2004:865-868.
[12]YAN Hong-yong,LIU Yang.Estimation of Q and in-verse Q filtering for prestack reflected PP-and convertedPS-waves[J].Applied Geophysics,2009,6(1):59-69.
[13]Hargreaves N D,Calvert A J.Inverse Q-filtering byFourier transform[J].Geophysics,1991,56(4):519-527.
[14]Wang Y H.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Qfiltering[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):657-663.
[15]Wang Y H.Inverse Q-filter for seismic resolution en-hancement[J].Geophysics,2006,71(3):51-60.
[16]苑书金.叠前地震反演技术的进展及其在岩性油气藏勘探中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,22(3):879-886.YUAN Shu-jin.Progress of pre-stack inversion and ap-plication in exploration of the lithological reservoirs[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2007,22(3):879-886.
[17]任浩然,王华忠,张立彬.沿射线路径的波动方程延拓吸收与衰减补偿方法[J].石油物探,2007,46(6):557-561.REN Hao-ran,WANG Hua-zhong,ZHANG Li-bin.Compensation for absorption and attenuation using waveequation continuation along ray path[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2007,46(6):557-561.
[18]余振,王彦春,何静,等.反Q滤波方法研究综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(5):309-314,325.YU Zhen,WANG Yan-chun,HE Jing,et al.A re-view of inverse Q filtering methods[J].Progress in Ex-ploration Geophysics,2009,32(5):309-314,325.
[19]张显文.储层地震预测技术与储层地球物理参数反演:博士学位论文[D].长春:吉林大学,2010.ZHANG Xian-wen.The reservoir seismic predictiontechnology and reservoir geophysics parameters inver-sion:Ph'D dissertation[D].Changchun:Jilin Uni-versity,2010.
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