客基沟泥石流形成条件与动力特征
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摘要
客基沟为一老泥石流沟,受汶川地震的影响,沟内存在大量松散固体物质,潜在危害性大。在分析流域概况及泥石流形成区、流通区和堆积区基本特征的基础上,对客基沟形成泥石流的地形、水源、物源三个基本条件进行深入论述,分析计算泥石流的重度、流速、流量、固体冲出量、冲压力等动力学参数,预测客基沟泥石流发生几率较大,暴发类型属中型暴雨型稀性沟谷泥石流。
The Keji Gully is an old debris flow gully.Due to the "5·12"Wenchuan earthquake,there are a lot of loose solid materials in the gully,so it has a big potentially harmful threat.On the basis of analyzing the basic characteristics of the river basin,forming area,passing area and accumulation area of the debris flow,the formation conditions,like topography,water source and sediment source,were firstly in-depth discussed,then the kinetic parameters,including unit weight,flow rate,flow capacity,the amount of solid materials rushing out from upstream and pressforce were calculated.Finally,it predicted that the occurrence probability of the debris flow in Keji Gully was high,and its outbreak type was a medium-sized heavy rain dilute debris flow.
The Keji Gully is an old debris flow gully.Due to the "5·12"Wenchuan earthquake,there are a lot of loose solid materials in the gully,so it has a big potentially harmful threat.On the basis of analyzing the basic characteristics of the river basin,forming area,passing area and accumulation area of the debris flow,the formation conditions,like topography,water source and sediment source,were firstly in-depth discussed,then the kinetic parameters,including unit weight,flow rate,flow capacity,the amount of solid materials rushing out from upstream and pressforce were calculated.Finally,it predicted that the occurrence probability of the debris flow in Keji Gully was high,and its outbreak type was a medium-sized heavy rain dilute debris flow.
引文
[1]康志成,李焯芬,马蔼乃,等.中国泥石流研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[2]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所.中国泥石流[M].北京:商务印书馆,2000.
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[4]杨成林,陈宁生,李战鲁.汶川地震次生泥石流形成模式与机理[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(3),31-37.
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[11]谭炳炎.三峡库区泥石流活动发展趋势的分析预测[J].铁道学报,2003,25(3):122-126.
[12]谭炳炎,段爱英.山区铁路沿线暴雨泥石流预报的研究[J].自然灾害学报,1995,4(2):4-52.
[13]谭炳炎,杨大文,石胜国.暴雨泥石流预报的研究[J].铁道学报,1992,14(3):92-101.
[14]唐邦兴,章书成.泥石流研究[J].中国科学院院刊,1992,2(10):124-128.
[15]Savage S B.Gravity Flow of Cohesionless Granular Materials in Chutes andChannels[J].Journal Fluid Mechanics,1979,92(1):53-96.
[16]Hampton M A.Buoyancy of Debris Flow[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrolo-gy,1979,49(3):753-758.
[17]Wang G H,Sassa K,Fukuoka H.Downslope Volume Enlargement of a DebrisSlide-Debris Flow in the 1999 Hiroshima,Japan,Rainstorm[J].EngineeringGeology,2003(69):303-330.
[18]Iverson R M,Vallance J W.New Views of Granular Mass Flows[J].Geology,2001,29(2):115-118.
[19]Iverson R M,Denlinger R P.Flow of Variably Fluidized Granular MassesAcross Three-Dimensional Terrain[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,6(B1):537-552.
[2]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所.中国泥石流[M].北京:商务印书馆,2000.
[3]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12),2585-2592.
[4]杨成林,陈宁生,李战鲁.汶川地震次生泥石流形成模式与机理[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(3),31-37.
[5]周必凡,李德基,罗德富,等.泥石流防治指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[6]中华人民共和国国土资源部.DZ/T0220-2006泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范[S].北京:地质出版社,2006.
[7]吴积善,田连权,康志成,等.泥石流及其综合治理[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[8]王裕宜,詹钱登,严璧玉.泥石流体结构和流变特性[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2002.
[9]崔鹏,高克昌,韦方强.泥石流预测预报研究进展[J].学科发展,2005,20(5):363-369.
[10]韦方强,胡凯衡,陈杰.泥石流预报中前期有效雨量的确定[J].山地学报,2005,23(4):453-457.
[11]谭炳炎.三峡库区泥石流活动发展趋势的分析预测[J].铁道学报,2003,25(3):122-126.
[12]谭炳炎,段爱英.山区铁路沿线暴雨泥石流预报的研究[J].自然灾害学报,1995,4(2):4-52.
[13]谭炳炎,杨大文,石胜国.暴雨泥石流预报的研究[J].铁道学报,1992,14(3):92-101.
[14]唐邦兴,章书成.泥石流研究[J].中国科学院院刊,1992,2(10):124-128.
[15]Savage S B.Gravity Flow of Cohesionless Granular Materials in Chutes andChannels[J].Journal Fluid Mechanics,1979,92(1):53-96.
[16]Hampton M A.Buoyancy of Debris Flow[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrolo-gy,1979,49(3):753-758.
[17]Wang G H,Sassa K,Fukuoka H.Downslope Volume Enlargement of a DebrisSlide-Debris Flow in the 1999 Hiroshima,Japan,Rainstorm[J].EngineeringGeology,2003(69):303-330.
[18]Iverson R M,Vallance J W.New Views of Granular Mass Flows[J].Geology,2001,29(2):115-118.
[19]Iverson R M,Denlinger R P.Flow of Variably Fluidized Granular MassesAcross Three-Dimensional Terrain[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,6(B1):537-552.
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