渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷新生代伸展量的时空分布特征
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摘要
以渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷22条区域地震剖面的构造解释为基础,利用平衡剖面技术计算了不同位置剖面的伸展量、伸展率和伸展系数,并分析了伸展量的时空分布规律。研究表明,黄骅坳陷新生代具有幕式伸展的特点,而且伸展量的时空分布极不均匀。空间上,伸展量主要是由盆地主边界断层伸展位移造成的,主边界断层位移较大处的伸展量也相应较大;时间上,水平伸展运动可以分为始新世、渐新世和新近纪3个时期,其中,始新世伸展主要发生在盆地南部,渐新世发生在中北部,新近纪伸展量较小,主要发生在中部。伸展量时空分布是受盆地构造变形、构造演化控制的。始新世,NNE向沧东断层的伸展位移是控制盆地伸展变形的主要因素,且沧东断层在盆地南区的伸展位移量较大。渐新世,NNE向沧东断层在盆地中北区的伸展位移量相对较大,同时盆地内部NNE向基底断层的右旋走滑诱导的NE向基底正断层对盆地伸展变形做出贡献。新近纪,盆地在后裂陷的热沉降过程中NNE向基底断层仍然有右旋走滑位移,致使盆地中部发育NE向盖层正断层。
Based on the interpretation results of the structural characteristics of 22 seismic profiles of Huanghua Depression in Bohai Bay Basin,the amount of extension,the extensional coefficient and the extensional ratio have been calculated by technique of balanced geological cross-sections, moreover, the spatial and temporal distribution of the extension amounts has been analyzed in this paper.The results show that Huanghua Depression was characterized by episodic evolution in the Cenozoic,and also the temporal and spatial distribution of extension amount of this depression was very uneven.On one side,the extension amount in space was mainly caused by the stretching displacement of the main basin boundary faults.The extension amount was correspondingly larger where the stretching displacement of the main basin boundary faults was bigger.On the other side,the main extensional period can be divided into three periods which are the Eocene,the Oligocene and the Neogene.Among them,the extension in Eocene occurred mainly in the southern part of the basin while the one in the Oligocene occurred in the north-central part.And also,the extension amount in the Neogene was smaller and mainly occurred in the central.The temporal and spatial distribution of extension amount was controlled by basin tectonic deformation and tectonic evolution.In the Eocene,the stretching displacement of NNE trending Cangdong fault was the main factor that controlled the basin extensional deformation and the amount of the stretching displacement was larger in the southern area of the basin.In the Oligocene,the amount of the stretching displacement was relatively large in the north-central part.At the same time the NE trending basement normal fault which was induced by dextral strike-slip of the NNE trending basement fault in inner basin contributed a lot to the basin extension.In the Neogene,the NNE trending basement fault still had dextral strike-slip displacement when the basin was in the thermal subsidence process after the basin rift.It was the reason which caused the NE trending normal fault in the cover rock in the central part of the basin.
Based on the interpretation results of the structural characteristics of 22 seismic profiles of Huanghua Depression in Bohai Bay Basin,the amount of extension,the extensional coefficient and the extensional ratio have been calculated by technique of balanced geological cross-sections, moreover, the spatial and temporal distribution of the extension amounts has been analyzed in this paper.The results show that Huanghua Depression was characterized by episodic evolution in the Cenozoic,and also the temporal and spatial distribution of extension amount of this depression was very uneven.On one side,the extension amount in space was mainly caused by the stretching displacement of the main basin boundary faults.The extension amount was correspondingly larger where the stretching displacement of the main basin boundary faults was bigger.On the other side,the main extensional period can be divided into three periods which are the Eocene,the Oligocene and the Neogene.Among them,the extension in Eocene occurred mainly in the southern part of the basin while the one in the Oligocene occurred in the north-central part.And also,the extension amount in the Neogene was smaller and mainly occurred in the central.The temporal and spatial distribution of extension amount was controlled by basin tectonic deformation and tectonic evolution.In the Eocene,the stretching displacement of NNE trending Cangdong fault was the main factor that controlled the basin extensional deformation and the amount of the stretching displacement was larger in the southern area of the basin.In the Oligocene,the amount of the stretching displacement was relatively large in the north-central part.At the same time the NE trending basement normal fault which was induced by dextral strike-slip of the NNE trending basement fault in inner basin contributed a lot to the basin extension.In the Neogene,the NNE trending basement fault still had dextral strike-slip displacement when the basin was in the thermal subsidence process after the basin rift.It was the reason which caused the NE trending normal fault in the cover rock in the central part of the basin.
引文
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王光奇,漆家福,岳云福.2003.歧口凹陷及周缘新生代构造的成因和演化[J].地质科学,38(2):230-240.
王战,孟庆任,解建明,等.1999.黄骅坳陷地区地质构造演化与油气分布[M].北京:科学出版社,77-79.
王子煜,漆家福,陆克政.2000.黄骅坳陷东部构造带新生代构造沉降史分析[J].石油与天然气地质,21(2):127-129.
邬光辉,漆家福.1999.黄骅盆地一级构造变换带的特征与成因[J].石油与天然气地质,22(2):125-128.
徐杰,洪汉净,赵国泽.1985.华北平原新生代裂谷盆地的演化及运动学特征[M].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.现代地壳运动研究(1).北京:地震出版社,26-40.
杨桥,漆家福,陆克政.1993.黄骅盆地新生代构造特征[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,1(1):80-91.
杨桥,漆家福,常双德,等.2009.渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷南部古近系孔店组沉积时期古地理演化[J].古地理学报,11(2):306-313.
杨桥,漆家福,程秀申,等.2006.河南东濮凹陷古近系各组段的原始地层厚度分布及其构造古地理意义[J].古地理学报,8(3):407-414.
张抗.1988.亚洲东部新生代的扩张及其大地构造意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,8(3):25-34.
Allen P A,Allen J R.1990.Basin Analysis:Principles and Applications[M].Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publication,190-218.
Dahlstrom C D A.1969.Balanced cross sections[J].Canadian Journal ofEarth Sciences,6(4):743-757.
Gibbs A D.1983.Balanced cross-section construction from seismic sec-tions in areas of extensional tectonics[J].Journal of Structural Geol-ogy,5(2):153-160.
Schonborn G.1999.Balancing cross sections with kinematic constraints:The dolomites(northern Italy)[J].Tectonics,18(3):527-545.
樊敬亮,漆家福,高爱华,等.2004.黄骅盆地海岸线两侧构造线不连续之成因分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,33(3):287-291.
郭兴伟,施小斌,丘学林,等.2007.渤海湾盆地新生代沉降特征及其动力学机制探讨[J].大地构造与成矿学,31(3):273-280.
何书,杨桥,漆家福,等.2008.黄骅坳陷中区新生代断裂系统及其成因分析[J].地质科学,43(3):533-545.
胡才志,曾佐勋,任建业,等.2010.黄骅坳陷新生代沉降中心迁移:数值模拟证据[J].大地构造与成矿学,34(4):573-584.
李明刚,漆家福,杨桥,等.2009.渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷新生代结构特征及构造动力学模式[J].地球学报,30(2):201-209.
李思田,路凤香,林畅松.1997.中国东部及邻区中、新生代盆地演化及地球动力学背景[M].湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社:77-87.
刘池洋,杨兴科,任战利.2005.羌塘盆地雀莫错沉降—堆积中心成因:热力衰减塌陷沉降[J].石油天然气地质,26(2):147-154.
陆克政,漆家福,戴俊生.1997.渤海湾新生代含油气盆地构造模式[M].北京:地质出版社,193.
马杏垣,刘和甫,王维襄,等.1983.中国东部中新生代裂陷作用和伸展构造[J].地质学报,57(1):22-32.
孟庆任,王战,王翔,等.1993.新生代黄骅坳陷构造伸展、沉积作用和岩浆活动[J].地质论评,39(6):535-545.
田在艺.1990.渤海湾断陷盆地拉张量分析与油气潜力[J].石油学报,11(2):1-12.
漆家福.2004.渤海湾新生代盆地的两种构造系统及其成因解释[J].中国地质,31(1):15-22.
漆家福,陆克政,张一伟.1995a.黄骅盆地孔店凸起的形成与演化[J].石油学报,15(增刊):27-33.
漆家福,张一伟,陆克政,等.1995b.渤海湾新生代裂陷盆地的伸展模式及其动力学过程[J].石油实验地质,17(4):316-323.
王光奇,漆家福,岳云福.2003.歧口凹陷及周缘新生代构造的成因和演化[J].地质科学,38(2):230-240.
王战,孟庆任,解建明,等.1999.黄骅坳陷地区地质构造演化与油气分布[M].北京:科学出版社,77-79.
王子煜,漆家福,陆克政.2000.黄骅坳陷东部构造带新生代构造沉降史分析[J].石油与天然气地质,21(2):127-129.
邬光辉,漆家福.1999.黄骅盆地一级构造变换带的特征与成因[J].石油与天然气地质,22(2):125-128.
徐杰,洪汉净,赵国泽.1985.华北平原新生代裂谷盆地的演化及运动学特征[M].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.现代地壳运动研究(1).北京:地震出版社,26-40.
杨桥,漆家福,陆克政.1993.黄骅盆地新生代构造特征[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,1(1):80-91.
杨桥,漆家福,常双德,等.2009.渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷南部古近系孔店组沉积时期古地理演化[J].古地理学报,11(2):306-313.
杨桥,漆家福,程秀申,等.2006.河南东濮凹陷古近系各组段的原始地层厚度分布及其构造古地理意义[J].古地理学报,8(3):407-414.
张抗.1988.亚洲东部新生代的扩张及其大地构造意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,8(3):25-34.
Allen P A,Allen J R.1990.Basin Analysis:Principles and Applications[M].Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publication,190-218.
Dahlstrom C D A.1969.Balanced cross sections[J].Canadian Journal ofEarth Sciences,6(4):743-757.
Gibbs A D.1983.Balanced cross-section construction from seismic sec-tions in areas of extensional tectonics[J].Journal of Structural Geol-ogy,5(2):153-160.
Schonborn G.1999.Balancing cross sections with kinematic constraints:The dolomites(northern Italy)[J].Tectonics,18(3):527-545.
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