鄂尔多斯地区上地幔岩石圈三维速度结构面波反演研究
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摘要
双平面波拟合法是一种新的面波成像方法,反演中考虑地震波场中的非平面波成分,提高反演的分辨率.本文利用双平面波拟合法,反演获得鄂尔多斯地区上地幔岩石圈的速度结构.所用资料为国家数字地震台网69个宽频带地震仪和北京大学34个流动数字地震台观测到的地震波面波资料.首先从面波记录中提取了研究区域20～125s瑞利波相速度频散曲线,进而得到各个周期瑞利波相速度异常分布图.结果显示,短周期瑞利波相速度异常与地表的构造特征吻合较好,中长周期的瑞利波相速度可以反映出上地幔岩石圈的速度异常分布以及构造特征.由研究区20～125s的瑞利波相速度分布图可以反演得到地表到地下200km范围内的三维剪切波速度结构.结果显示,鄂尔多斯块体内部稳定均一,活化或改造的痕迹不明显;鄂尔多斯块体西南缘受到青藏高原的强烈作用,有大量地幔物质流动的痕迹存在;中央转换带下超过200km深度存在地幔物质上涌,可能与太平洋板块的俯冲和青藏高原板块的挤压有关.
We apply two-plane-wave tomography,which takes the influences of the non-plane wavefield into consideration,to study the structure of velocity of the upper mantle lithosphere of Ordos region.The source of data consists of two parts,one is from 69 broad-band seismographs of China Earthquake Networks Center,and the other is from 34 mobile digital broad-band seismographs of PKU.At short periods most high and low velocity anomalies correlate well with surface geological features.The difference of the structure of upper mantle lithosphere is revealed by long-period surface waves.We extracted the 3-D structure of shear velocity anomalies of 200 km depth from the Rayleigh wave phase velocities.The results reveal that the Ordos block has the high velocity beyond 200 km depth,and no evidence for reactivation.There is fierce interaction between Ordos block and Tibet block at the southwestern edge of Ordos block,which causes the upper mantle flow there.Upwelling beneath the Central zone may be caused by both the subduction of Pacific plate and India plate.
We apply two-plane-wave tomography,which takes the influences of the non-plane wavefield into consideration,to study the structure of velocity of the upper mantle lithosphere of Ordos region.The source of data consists of two parts,one is from 69 broad-band seismographs of China Earthquake Networks Center,and the other is from 34 mobile digital broad-band seismographs of PKU.At short periods most high and low velocity anomalies correlate well with surface geological features.The difference of the structure of upper mantle lithosphere is revealed by long-period surface waves.We extracted the 3-D structure of shear velocity anomalies of 200 km depth from the Rayleigh wave phase velocities.The results reveal that the Ordos block has the high velocity beyond 200 km depth,and no evidence for reactivation.There is fierce interaction between Ordos block and Tibet block at the southwestern edge of Ordos block,which causes the upper mantle flow there.Upwelling beneath the Central zone may be caused by both the subduction of Pacific plate and India plate.
引文
[1]Zhao G,Sun M,Wilde S A,et al.Late Archean toPaleoproterozoic evolution of the North China Craton:keyissues revisited.Precambrian Research,2005,136(2):177-202.
[2]Wu C,Zhong C T.The Paleoproterozoic SW-NE collisionmodel for the central North China Craton.Progress inPrecambrian Research,1998,21(3):28-50.
[3]Lu L,Xu X,Liu F.Early Precambrian Khondalite Series inNorth China.Changchun:Changchun Publishing House,1996:219-234.
[4]Griffin W L,Andi Z,O'Reilly S Y,et al.Phanerozoicevolution of the lithosphere beneath the Sino-Korean Craton.∥Flower M F J,Chung S L,Lo C H,Lee T Y eds.MantleDynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia.Washington:American Geophysical Union,1998:107-126.
[5]Menzies M A,Xu Y G.Geodynamics of the North ChinaCraton.∥Flower M F J,Chung S L,Lo C H,Lee T Yeds.Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia.Washington:American Geophysical Union,1998:155-165.
[6]吴福元,葛文春,孙德有等.中国东部岩石圈减薄研究中的几个问题.地学前缘,2003,10(3):51-60.Wu F Y,Ge W C,Sun D Y,et al.Discussions on thelithospheric thinning in Eastern China.Earth ScienceFrontier(in Chinese),2003,10(3):51-60.
[7]Wu F,Xu Y,Gao S,et al.Lithospheric thinning anddestruction of the North China Craton.Acta PetrologicaSinica,2008,24(6):1145-1174.
[8]陈国英,宋仲和,安昌强等.华北地区三维地壳上地幔结构.地球物理学报,1991,34(2):172-181.Chen G Y,Song Z H,An C Q,et al.Three-dimensionalcrust and upper mantle structure of the North China region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1991,34(2):172-181.
[9]易桂喜,姚华建,朱介寿等.中国大陆及邻区Rayleigh面波相速度分布特征.地球物理学报,2008,51(2):402-411.Yi G X,Yao H J,Zhu J S,et al.Rayleigh-wave phasevelocity distribution in China continent and its adjacentregions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(2):402-411.
[10]Li C,van der Hilst R D,Toksz M N.Constraining P-wavevelocity variations in the upper mantle beneath SoutheastAsia.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2006,154(2):180-195.
[11]Zheng T Y,Zhao L,Zhu R X.Insight into the geodynamicsof cratonic reactivation from seismic analysis of the crust-mantle boundary.Geophys.Res.Lett.2008,35(8):L08303,doi:10.1029/2008GL033439.
[12]Zheng T Y,Chen L,Zhao L,et al.Crust-mantle structuredifference across the gravity gradient zone in North ChinaCraton:Seismic image of the thinned continental crust.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2006,159(1-2):43-58.
[13]Zhao L,Zheng T.Complex upper-mantle deformationbeneath the North China Craton:implications for lithosphericthinning.Geophysical Journal International,2007,170(3):1095-1099.
[14]Zhao L,Allen R M,Zheng T,et al.Reactivation of anArchean craton:Constraints from P-and S-wave tomographyin North China.Geophys Res Lett,2009,36(17):L17306,doi:1011029/2009GL039781.
[15]姚华建,徐果明,肖翔等.基于图像分析的双台面波相速度频散曲线快速提取方法.地震地磁观测与研究,2004,25(1):1-8.Yao H J,Xu G M,Xiao X,et al.A quick tracing methodbased on image analysis technique for the determination ofdual stations phase velocities dispersion curve of surfacewave.Seismol.Geomagn.Observ.Res.(in Chinese),2004,25(1):1-8.
[16]Friederich W.Wave-theoretical inversion of teleseismicsurface waves in a regional network:phase-velocity maps anda three-dimensionalupper-mantle shear-wave-velocity modelfor southern Germany.Geophysical Journal International,1998,132(1):203-225.
[17]Friederich W,Wielandt E,Stange S.Multiple forwardscattering of surface waves:Comparison with an exactsolution and Born single-scattering methods.GeophysicalJournal International,1993,112(2):264-275.
[18]Friederich W,Wielandt E.Interpretation of seismic surface-waves in regional networks-joint estimation of wave-fieldgeometry and local phase-velocity-method and numericaltests.Geophysical Journal International,1995,120(3):731-744.
[19]Wielandt E.Propagation and structural interpretation of non-plane waves.Geophysical Journal International,1993,113(1):45-53.
[20]Forsyth D W,Li A.Array analysis of two-dimensionalvariations in surface wave phase velocity and azimuthalanisotropy in the presence of multipathing interference.//Levander A,Nolet G eds.Seismic Earth:Array Analysis ofBroad-band Seismograms.Washington:American GeophysicalUnion.2005:81-97.
[21]Jiang M M,Zhou S Y,et al.3-D lithospheric structurebeneath southern Tibet from Rayleigh-wave tomography witha 2-D seismic array.Geophysical Journal International,2010,185(2):593-608.
[22]李鹏,周仕勇,陈永顺等.利用双平面波干涉面波层析成像方法研究山西断陷盆地及鄂尔多斯地台三维速度结构.CT理论与应用研究,2010,19(3):47-60.Li P,Zhou S Y,Chen Y S,et al.3Dvelocity structure inShanxi graben and Ordos from two plane waves method.CTTheory and Applications(in Chinese),2010,19(3):47-60.
[23]郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁等.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1412-1417.Zheng X F,Ouyang B,Zhang D N,et al.Technical systemconstruction of Data Backup Centre for China SeismographNetwork and the data support to researches on the Wenchuanearthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1412-1417.
[24]姜明明.藏南岩石圈结构研究及地震活动性统计建模[博士论文].北京:北京大学地球物理系,2008.Jiang M M.Studies on the lithospheric stucture in southerTibet and modeling the seismicity of north China by statistics[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:GeophysicsDepartment of Peking University,2008.
[25]Press W H.Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN:the art ofScientific Computing.Cambridge:Cambridge Univ Pr,1992.
[26]Tarantola A,Valette B.Generalized nonlinear inverseproblems solved using the least squares criterion.Rev.Geophys.Space Phys.,1982,20(2):219-232.
[27]Li A,Forsyth D W,Fischer K M.Shear velocity structureand azimuthal anisotropy beneath eastern North Americafrom Rayleigh wave inversion.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B8):2362.
[28]Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R,Buland R.Constraints onseismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes.GeophysicalJournal International,1995,122(1):108-124.
[29]Liu D Y,Nutman A P,Compston W,et al.Remnants of≥3800Ma crust in the Chinese part of the Sino-Korean craton.Geology,1992,20(4):339-342.
[30]Zhao G,Wilde S A,Cawood P A,et al.Archean blocks andtheir boundaries in the North China Craton:lithological,geochemical,structural and PT path constraints and tectonicevolution.Precambrian Research,2001,107(1-2):45-73.
[31]Ren J,Tamaki K,Li S,et al.Late Mesozoic and Cenozoicrifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern China and adjacentareas.Tectonophysics,2002,344(3-4):175-205.
[32]Zhao L,Zheng T.Seismic structure of the Bohai Bay Basin,northern China:Implications for basin evolution.EarthandPlanetaryScienceLetters,2005,231(1-2):9-22.
[33]臧绍先,刘永刚,宁杰远.华北地区岩石圈热结构的研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(1):56-66.Zang S X,Liu Y G,Ning J Y.Thermal structure of thelithosphere in North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(1):56-66.
[34]Forsyth D W,Webb S C,Dorman L M,et al.Phasevelocities of Rayleigh waves in the MELT experiment on theEast Pacific Rise.Science,1998,280(5367):1235-1238.
[35]Weeraratne D S,Forsyth D W,Fischer K M,et al.Evidencefor an upper mantle plume beneath the Tanzanian craton fromRayleigh wave tomography.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B9):2427.
[36]Saito M.DISPER80:A subroutine package for thecalculation of seismic normal-mode solution.//Doornbos D Jeds.Seismological Algorithms:Computational Methods andComputure Programs.New York:Elsevier.1988:293-319.
[37]Jiang M M,Zhou S Y,Sandvol E,et al.3-D lithosphericstructure beneath southern Tibet from Rayleigh-wavetomography with a 2-D seismic array.Geophysical JournalInternational,2011,185(2):593-608.
[38]Yin A,Harrison T M.Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen.Annual Review of Earth and PlanetarySciences,2000,28(1):211-280.
[39]Bilham R,Larson K,Freymueller J,et al.GPSmeasurements of present-day convergence across the NepalHimalaya.Nature,1997,386(6620):61-64.
[40]陈九辉,刘启元,李顺成等.青藏高原东北缘—鄂尔多斯地块地壳上地幔S波速度结构.地球物理学报,2005,48(2):333-342.Chen J H,Liu Q Y,Li S C,et al.Crust and upper mantle S2 wave velocity structure across Northeastern TibetanPlateau and Ordos block.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):333-342.
[41]Zhang Y Q,Mercier J L,Vergély P.Extension in the grabensystems around the Ordos(China),and its contribution tothe extrusion tectonics of south China with respect to Gobi-Mongolia.Tectonophysics,1998,285(1):41-75.
[42]Zhang Y,Ma Y,Yang N,et al.Cenozoic extensional stressevolution in North China.Journal of Geodynamics,2003,36(5):591-613.
[43]Zhao L,Zheng T.Using shear wave splitting measurementsto investigate the upper mantle anisotropy beneath the NorthChina Craton:Distinct variation from east to west.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2005,32(10):L10309,doi:10.1029/2005GL022585.
[44]唐有彩,冯永革,陈永顺等.山西断陷带地壳结构的接收函数研究.地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2102-2109.Tang Y C,Feng Y G,Chen Y S,et al.Receiver functionanalysis at Shanxi Rift.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(9):2102-2109.
[45]田宝峰,李娟,王为民等.华北太行山区地壳各向异性的接收函数证据.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1459-1467.Tian B F,Li J,Wang W M,et al.Crust anisotropy ofTaihangshan mountain range in north China inferred fromreceiver functions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1459-1467.
[2]Wu C,Zhong C T.The Paleoproterozoic SW-NE collisionmodel for the central North China Craton.Progress inPrecambrian Research,1998,21(3):28-50.
[3]Lu L,Xu X,Liu F.Early Precambrian Khondalite Series inNorth China.Changchun:Changchun Publishing House,1996:219-234.
[4]Griffin W L,Andi Z,O'Reilly S Y,et al.Phanerozoicevolution of the lithosphere beneath the Sino-Korean Craton.∥Flower M F J,Chung S L,Lo C H,Lee T Y eds.MantleDynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia.Washington:American Geophysical Union,1998:107-126.
[5]Menzies M A,Xu Y G.Geodynamics of the North ChinaCraton.∥Flower M F J,Chung S L,Lo C H,Lee T Yeds.Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia.Washington:American Geophysical Union,1998:155-165.
[6]吴福元,葛文春,孙德有等.中国东部岩石圈减薄研究中的几个问题.地学前缘,2003,10(3):51-60.Wu F Y,Ge W C,Sun D Y,et al.Discussions on thelithospheric thinning in Eastern China.Earth ScienceFrontier(in Chinese),2003,10(3):51-60.
[7]Wu F,Xu Y,Gao S,et al.Lithospheric thinning anddestruction of the North China Craton.Acta PetrologicaSinica,2008,24(6):1145-1174.
[8]陈国英,宋仲和,安昌强等.华北地区三维地壳上地幔结构.地球物理学报,1991,34(2):172-181.Chen G Y,Song Z H,An C Q,et al.Three-dimensionalcrust and upper mantle structure of the North China region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1991,34(2):172-181.
[9]易桂喜,姚华建,朱介寿等.中国大陆及邻区Rayleigh面波相速度分布特征.地球物理学报,2008,51(2):402-411.Yi G X,Yao H J,Zhu J S,et al.Rayleigh-wave phasevelocity distribution in China continent and its adjacentregions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(2):402-411.
[10]Li C,van der Hilst R D,Toksz M N.Constraining P-wavevelocity variations in the upper mantle beneath SoutheastAsia.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2006,154(2):180-195.
[11]Zheng T Y,Zhao L,Zhu R X.Insight into the geodynamicsof cratonic reactivation from seismic analysis of the crust-mantle boundary.Geophys.Res.Lett.2008,35(8):L08303,doi:10.1029/2008GL033439.
[12]Zheng T Y,Chen L,Zhao L,et al.Crust-mantle structuredifference across the gravity gradient zone in North ChinaCraton:Seismic image of the thinned continental crust.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2006,159(1-2):43-58.
[13]Zhao L,Zheng T.Complex upper-mantle deformationbeneath the North China Craton:implications for lithosphericthinning.Geophysical Journal International,2007,170(3):1095-1099.
[14]Zhao L,Allen R M,Zheng T,et al.Reactivation of anArchean craton:Constraints from P-and S-wave tomographyin North China.Geophys Res Lett,2009,36(17):L17306,doi:1011029/2009GL039781.
[15]姚华建,徐果明,肖翔等.基于图像分析的双台面波相速度频散曲线快速提取方法.地震地磁观测与研究,2004,25(1):1-8.Yao H J,Xu G M,Xiao X,et al.A quick tracing methodbased on image analysis technique for the determination ofdual stations phase velocities dispersion curve of surfacewave.Seismol.Geomagn.Observ.Res.(in Chinese),2004,25(1):1-8.
[16]Friederich W.Wave-theoretical inversion of teleseismicsurface waves in a regional network:phase-velocity maps anda three-dimensionalupper-mantle shear-wave-velocity modelfor southern Germany.Geophysical Journal International,1998,132(1):203-225.
[17]Friederich W,Wielandt E,Stange S.Multiple forwardscattering of surface waves:Comparison with an exactsolution and Born single-scattering methods.GeophysicalJournal International,1993,112(2):264-275.
[18]Friederich W,Wielandt E.Interpretation of seismic surface-waves in regional networks-joint estimation of wave-fieldgeometry and local phase-velocity-method and numericaltests.Geophysical Journal International,1995,120(3):731-744.
[19]Wielandt E.Propagation and structural interpretation of non-plane waves.Geophysical Journal International,1993,113(1):45-53.
[20]Forsyth D W,Li A.Array analysis of two-dimensionalvariations in surface wave phase velocity and azimuthalanisotropy in the presence of multipathing interference.//Levander A,Nolet G eds.Seismic Earth:Array Analysis ofBroad-band Seismograms.Washington:American GeophysicalUnion.2005:81-97.
[21]Jiang M M,Zhou S Y,et al.3-D lithospheric structurebeneath southern Tibet from Rayleigh-wave tomography witha 2-D seismic array.Geophysical Journal International,2010,185(2):593-608.
[22]李鹏,周仕勇,陈永顺等.利用双平面波干涉面波层析成像方法研究山西断陷盆地及鄂尔多斯地台三维速度结构.CT理论与应用研究,2010,19(3):47-60.Li P,Zhou S Y,Chen Y S,et al.3Dvelocity structure inShanxi graben and Ordos from two plane waves method.CTTheory and Applications(in Chinese),2010,19(3):47-60.
[23]郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁等.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1412-1417.Zheng X F,Ouyang B,Zhang D N,et al.Technical systemconstruction of Data Backup Centre for China SeismographNetwork and the data support to researches on the Wenchuanearthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1412-1417.
[24]姜明明.藏南岩石圈结构研究及地震活动性统计建模[博士论文].北京:北京大学地球物理系,2008.Jiang M M.Studies on the lithospheric stucture in southerTibet and modeling the seismicity of north China by statistics[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:GeophysicsDepartment of Peking University,2008.
[25]Press W H.Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN:the art ofScientific Computing.Cambridge:Cambridge Univ Pr,1992.
[26]Tarantola A,Valette B.Generalized nonlinear inverseproblems solved using the least squares criterion.Rev.Geophys.Space Phys.,1982,20(2):219-232.
[27]Li A,Forsyth D W,Fischer K M.Shear velocity structureand azimuthal anisotropy beneath eastern North Americafrom Rayleigh wave inversion.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B8):2362.
[28]Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R,Buland R.Constraints onseismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes.GeophysicalJournal International,1995,122(1):108-124.
[29]Liu D Y,Nutman A P,Compston W,et al.Remnants of≥3800Ma crust in the Chinese part of the Sino-Korean craton.Geology,1992,20(4):339-342.
[30]Zhao G,Wilde S A,Cawood P A,et al.Archean blocks andtheir boundaries in the North China Craton:lithological,geochemical,structural and PT path constraints and tectonicevolution.Precambrian Research,2001,107(1-2):45-73.
[31]Ren J,Tamaki K,Li S,et al.Late Mesozoic and Cenozoicrifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern China and adjacentareas.Tectonophysics,2002,344(3-4):175-205.
[32]Zhao L,Zheng T.Seismic structure of the Bohai Bay Basin,northern China:Implications for basin evolution.EarthandPlanetaryScienceLetters,2005,231(1-2):9-22.
[33]臧绍先,刘永刚,宁杰远.华北地区岩石圈热结构的研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(1):56-66.Zang S X,Liu Y G,Ning J Y.Thermal structure of thelithosphere in North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(1):56-66.
[34]Forsyth D W,Webb S C,Dorman L M,et al.Phasevelocities of Rayleigh waves in the MELT experiment on theEast Pacific Rise.Science,1998,280(5367):1235-1238.
[35]Weeraratne D S,Forsyth D W,Fischer K M,et al.Evidencefor an upper mantle plume beneath the Tanzanian craton fromRayleigh wave tomography.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B9):2427.
[36]Saito M.DISPER80:A subroutine package for thecalculation of seismic normal-mode solution.//Doornbos D Jeds.Seismological Algorithms:Computational Methods andComputure Programs.New York:Elsevier.1988:293-319.
[37]Jiang M M,Zhou S Y,Sandvol E,et al.3-D lithosphericstructure beneath southern Tibet from Rayleigh-wavetomography with a 2-D seismic array.Geophysical JournalInternational,2011,185(2):593-608.
[38]Yin A,Harrison T M.Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen.Annual Review of Earth and PlanetarySciences,2000,28(1):211-280.
[39]Bilham R,Larson K,Freymueller J,et al.GPSmeasurements of present-day convergence across the NepalHimalaya.Nature,1997,386(6620):61-64.
[40]陈九辉,刘启元,李顺成等.青藏高原东北缘—鄂尔多斯地块地壳上地幔S波速度结构.地球物理学报,2005,48(2):333-342.Chen J H,Liu Q Y,Li S C,et al.Crust and upper mantle S2 wave velocity structure across Northeastern TibetanPlateau and Ordos block.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):333-342.
[41]Zhang Y Q,Mercier J L,Vergély P.Extension in the grabensystems around the Ordos(China),and its contribution tothe extrusion tectonics of south China with respect to Gobi-Mongolia.Tectonophysics,1998,285(1):41-75.
[42]Zhang Y,Ma Y,Yang N,et al.Cenozoic extensional stressevolution in North China.Journal of Geodynamics,2003,36(5):591-613.
[43]Zhao L,Zheng T.Using shear wave splitting measurementsto investigate the upper mantle anisotropy beneath the NorthChina Craton:Distinct variation from east to west.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2005,32(10):L10309,doi:10.1029/2005GL022585.
[44]唐有彩,冯永革,陈永顺等.山西断陷带地壳结构的接收函数研究.地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2102-2109.Tang Y C,Feng Y G,Chen Y S,et al.Receiver functionanalysis at Shanxi Rift.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(9):2102-2109.
[45]田宝峰,李娟,王为民等.华北太行山区地壳各向异性的接收函数证据.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1459-1467.Tian B F,Li J,Wang W M,et al.Crust anisotropy ofTaihangshan mountain range in north China inferred fromreceiver functions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1459-1467.
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