基于全球海洋模型GOCTM的海啸传播过程数值模拟——以2004印尼大海啸为例
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摘要
文中利用在有限体积近海模型FVCOM基础上拓展开发的全球海洋模型GOCTM(Global O-cean Circulation and Tide Model)进行了海啸波传播过程模拟,GOCTM采用全球无结构三角形网格,避免了开边界条件引入带来的误差,利用德国AWI研究所提供的海啸源作为初始水位场,模拟了2004年12月26日苏门答腊-安达曼Mw9.2地震引发的海啸传播过程。通过模拟结果与印度沿岸潮位站数据以及海啸发生过程观测到的卫星高度计数据进行了对比,发现模拟结果与观测值相近,相关系数最高达0.82,相关性较好。模拟的海啸波到达苏门答腊岛北部的时间与日本的TUNAMI模型和德国AWI研究所的TsunAWI模型的模拟结果相符,时间相差不到30min,证明GOCTM全球模型可以较好地对海啸传播过程进行模拟,结果令人满意,希望本工作可以为我国海啸预报和预警提供参考。
In this article a tsunami propagation model was built up using the global ocean model GOCTM.This model is based on finite volume discrete method and unstructured triangular Grids.And this is no open boundary condition to be considered.The tsunami event generated by the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on 26December 2004was simulated with this model.Tsunami source is provided by Alfred Wegener Institute(AWI) in German as the initial surface elevation condition.In order to check the result,we compare model results to tide gauge data from all around the Indian Ocean,to satellite altimetry in selected track.The highest correlation coefficient between model data and tide gauge data is 0.82proved a good correlation.And the result is satisfactory which prove the GOCTM is suitable to tsunami propagation simulation.
In this article a tsunami propagation model was built up using the global ocean model GOCTM.This model is based on finite volume discrete method and unstructured triangular Grids.And this is no open boundary condition to be considered.The tsunami event generated by the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on 26December 2004was simulated with this model.Tsunami source is provided by Alfred Wegener Institute(AWI) in German as the initial surface elevation condition.In order to check the result,we compare model results to tide gauge data from all around the Indian Ocean,to satellite altimetry in selected track.The highest correlation coefficient between model data and tide gauge data is 0.82proved a good correlation.And the result is satisfactory which prove the GOCTM is suitable to tsunami propagation simulation.
引文
[1]陈运泰,杨智娴,许力生.海啸、地震海啸与海啸地震[J].物理,2005,34(12):864—872.
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[3]Sven Harigs,Chaeroni C.Pranowo W S,et al.Tsunami simulations on several scales-Comparison of approaches with unstructured meshes and nested grids[J].Ocean Dynamics,2008,58:429—440.
[4]Tanioka Y,Yudhicara K T,Kathiroli S,et al.Rupture process of the2004great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake estimated from tsunami waveforms[J].Earth Planets Space,2006,58:203—209.
[5]Chen Changsheng,Robert C Beardsley.An Unstructured Grid,Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model FVCOM User Mannual[M].Second Edition,School for Marine Science and Technology,University of Massachusetts Dartmouth,New Bedeford,Technical Report SMAST/UMASSD-06-0602,2006.
[6]于华明.基于可变网格模型系统的全球海洋与中国近海潮汐研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[7]于华明.全球海洋潮汐同化模拟及东中国海潮流对环流作用研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.
[8]Yu Huaming,Chen Xueen,Bao Xianwen,et al.A novel high resolution model without open boundary conditions applied to the China seas:First in-vestigation on tides[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2010,29(6):12—25.
[9]于华明,陈学恩.全球海洋三角形网格的构建方法[P].中国专利,200810138216.9,2008-12-10.
[10]NOAA National Geophysical Data Center.http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgggdasgd_designagrid.html
[11]Nagarajan B,Suresh I,Sundar D,et al.The Great Tsunami of26December2004:A description based on tide-gauge data from the Indian subconti-nent and surrounding areas[J].Earth Planets Space,2006,58:211—215.
[12]Walter H F Smith,Remko Scharroo,Vasily V Titov.Satellite Altimeters Measure Tsunami Early Model Estimates Confirmed[J].Oceanography.2005,18(2):10—12.
[13]NOAA Center for Tsunami Research.http://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/indo_1204.html
[2]刘瑞丰,梁建宏,任枭,等.国际海啸预警系统(ITWS)[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2005,26(1):3—7.
[3]Sven Harigs,Chaeroni C.Pranowo W S,et al.Tsunami simulations on several scales-Comparison of approaches with unstructured meshes and nested grids[J].Ocean Dynamics,2008,58:429—440.
[4]Tanioka Y,Yudhicara K T,Kathiroli S,et al.Rupture process of the2004great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake estimated from tsunami waveforms[J].Earth Planets Space,2006,58:203—209.
[5]Chen Changsheng,Robert C Beardsley.An Unstructured Grid,Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model FVCOM User Mannual[M].Second Edition,School for Marine Science and Technology,University of Massachusetts Dartmouth,New Bedeford,Technical Report SMAST/UMASSD-06-0602,2006.
[6]于华明.基于可变网格模型系统的全球海洋与中国近海潮汐研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[7]于华明.全球海洋潮汐同化模拟及东中国海潮流对环流作用研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.
[8]Yu Huaming,Chen Xueen,Bao Xianwen,et al.A novel high resolution model without open boundary conditions applied to the China seas:First in-vestigation on tides[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2010,29(6):12—25.
[9]于华明,陈学恩.全球海洋三角形网格的构建方法[P].中国专利,200810138216.9,2008-12-10.
[10]NOAA National Geophysical Data Center.http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgggdasgd_designagrid.html
[11]Nagarajan B,Suresh I,Sundar D,et al.The Great Tsunami of26December2004:A description based on tide-gauge data from the Indian subconti-nent and surrounding areas[J].Earth Planets Space,2006,58:211—215.
[12]Walter H F Smith,Remko Scharroo,Vasily V Titov.Satellite Altimeters Measure Tsunami Early Model Estimates Confirmed[J].Oceanography.2005,18(2):10—12.
[13]NOAA Center for Tsunami Research.http://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/indo_1204.html
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