各向异性碳酸盐岩储层精细横波速度估算方法
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摘要
横波速度测井曲线是叠前地震反演必不可少的资料,在储层预测中起着非常重要的作用,但在研究中比较缺乏。考虑到地下储层的复杂多样性,为了准确求取地下储层的横波速度曲线,通过对碳酸盐岩储层物性的分析及其裂缝对储层的各向异性分析,根据其特征,首次建立了各向异性碳酸盐岩储层的岩石物理理论模型,并依据此模型对各向异性碳酸盐岩储层的横波速度进行了估算。在此基础上,引入反演的思想,利用测井约束反演及叠前地震道集的弹性波形反演等方法,对基于岩石物理理论模型的初步估算横波速度进行了修正,确保了估算结果的准确性,得到了与地下储层更加吻合的精细横波速度;通过实际资料试算,对估算横波与实测横波进行了对比分析。结果表明,该估算方法可成功模拟各向异性碳酸盐岩储层的横波速度,并在实际工区得到很好的应用。
The shear wave velocity is absolutely necessary in pre-stack seismic inversion,it plays very important role in reservoir prediction,but it is usually unavailable in research.Considering the complexity and multiplicity of subsurface reservoirs,in order to exactly calculate the S-wave velocities of subsurface reservoirs,we analyzed carbonate reservoir and the anisotropy effect of fracture on reservoir,established the physics theoretical models of isotropy and anisotropy carbonate reservoir based on its characteristics firstly.The S-wave velocity is estimated on the basis of the established model.And then,the idea of inversion is introduced,the estimated S-wave velocity can be corrected using well-log constrained inversion method and elastic waveform inversion method.Real data is used to test and analyze these methods.The comparing analysis of evaluated and metrical S-wave velocity show that the method proposed in this paper can be well used in S-wave velocity evaluation of isotropy and anisotropy carbonate reservoir.The proposed method has good application in real data and better application prospect.
The shear wave velocity is absolutely necessary in pre-stack seismic inversion,it plays very important role in reservoir prediction,but it is usually unavailable in research.Considering the complexity and multiplicity of subsurface reservoirs,in order to exactly calculate the S-wave velocities of subsurface reservoirs,we analyzed carbonate reservoir and the anisotropy effect of fracture on reservoir,established the physics theoretical models of isotropy and anisotropy carbonate reservoir based on its characteristics firstly.The S-wave velocity is estimated on the basis of the established model.And then,the idea of inversion is introduced,the estimated S-wave velocity can be corrected using well-log constrained inversion method and elastic waveform inversion method.Real data is used to test and analyze these methods.The comparing analysis of evaluated and metrical S-wave velocity show that the method proposed in this paper can be well used in S-wave velocity evaluation of isotropy and anisotropy carbonate reservoir.The proposed method has good application in real data and better application prospect.
引文
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[2]HAN D H,NUR A,MORGAN D.Effects of po-rosity and clay content on Wave velocities in sand-stones[J].Geophysics,1986,51(11):2093-2107.
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[7]郭栋,印兴耀,吴国忱.横波速度计算方法与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5):535-538.
[8]XU S,WHITE R E.A physical model for shearwave velocity prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1996,44(5):687-717.
[9]KUSTER G T,TOKSZM N.Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in two-phase media[J].Geophysics,1974,39:587-618.
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[14]XU S Y,PAYNE M A.Modeling elastic properties in carbonate rocks[J].The Leading Edge,2009:66-74.
[15]KUMAR M,HAN D H.Pore shape effect on elastic properties of carbonate rocks[A].SEG/Houston2005Annual Meeting[C].SEG,Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2005,1477-1480.
[16]赵克超,陈文学,陶果.利用Kuster-Toksz方程简化孔隙纵横比谱及判断储层孔隙类型[J].西安石油大学学报,2009,24(1):37-40.
[17]WHITE J E.Computed seismic speeds and attenuation in rocks with partial gas saturation[J].Geophysics,2002(67):1406-1414.
[18]SAYERS C M,RICKETT J E.Azimuthal variation in AVO response for fractured gas sands[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1997,45(1):165-182.
[19]AL-MARZOUG A M,NEVES F A,KIM J J.P-wave anisotropy from azimuthal AVO and velocity estimates using 3Dseismic data from Saudi Arabia[J].Geophysics,2006,71(2):E7-E11.
[20]阴可,杨慧珠.各向异性介质中的AVO[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(3):382-391.
[21]CHENG C H.Crack models for a transversely anisotropic medium[J].Geophys Res,1993,98:675-684.
[22]ESHELBY J D.The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion,and related problems[J].Proc Royal Soc London,1957,241(A):376-396.
[23]BROWN R,KORRINGA J.On the dependence of the elastic properties of a porous rock on the compressibility of the pore fluid[J].Geophysics,1975(40):608-616.
[24]吴国忱.各向异性介质地震波传播与成像[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006.
[25]RüGER A.Reflection coefficients and azimuthal AVO analysis in anisotropic media[D].USA Golden:Colorado School of Mines,1996.
[2]HAN D H,NUR A,MORGAN D.Effects of po-rosity and clay content on Wave velocities in sand-stones[J].Geophysics,1986,51(11):2093-2107.
[3]JORSTAD A,MUKERJI T,MAVKO G.Model-based shear-wave velocity estimation versus empiri-cal regressions[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1999,47(5):785-787.
[4]李庆忠.岩石的纵、横波速度规律[J].石油地球勘探.1992,27(1):1-12.
[5]王玉梅,苗永康,孟宪军.岩石物理横波速度曲线计算技术[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(4):58-61.
[6]云美厚,管志宁.储层条件下砂岩纵波和横波速度的理论计算[J].石油物探,2002,41(3):289-292.
[7]郭栋,印兴耀,吴国忱.横波速度计算方法与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5):535-538.
[8]XU S,WHITE R E.A physical model for shearwave velocity prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1996,44(5):687-717.
[9]KUSTER G T,TOKSZM N.Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in two-phase media[J].Geophysics,1974,39:587-618.
[10]MAVKO G,MUKERJI T,DVoRKIN J.The Rock Physics Handbook[M].Cambridge University Press,1998.
[11]YOUZWISHEN C F.Non-linear sparse and block constraints for seismic inversion problems[D].Master's thesis.University of Alberta,2001.
[12]BERRYMAN J G.Long-wavelength propagation in composite elastic media.I.Spherical Inclusion and II.Ellipsoidal Inclusions[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1980(68B):1809-1831.
[13]周巍,杨红霞.岩石裂隙对岩石的弹性性质及速度-孔隙率关系的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3):334-338.
[14]XU S Y,PAYNE M A.Modeling elastic properties in carbonate rocks[J].The Leading Edge,2009:66-74.
[15]KUMAR M,HAN D H.Pore shape effect on elastic properties of carbonate rocks[A].SEG/Houston2005Annual Meeting[C].SEG,Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2005,1477-1480.
[16]赵克超,陈文学,陶果.利用Kuster-Toksz方程简化孔隙纵横比谱及判断储层孔隙类型[J].西安石油大学学报,2009,24(1):37-40.
[17]WHITE J E.Computed seismic speeds and attenuation in rocks with partial gas saturation[J].Geophysics,2002(67):1406-1414.
[18]SAYERS C M,RICKETT J E.Azimuthal variation in AVO response for fractured gas sands[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1997,45(1):165-182.
[19]AL-MARZOUG A M,NEVES F A,KIM J J.P-wave anisotropy from azimuthal AVO and velocity estimates using 3Dseismic data from Saudi Arabia[J].Geophysics,2006,71(2):E7-E11.
[20]阴可,杨慧珠.各向异性介质中的AVO[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(3):382-391.
[21]CHENG C H.Crack models for a transversely anisotropic medium[J].Geophys Res,1993,98:675-684.
[22]ESHELBY J D.The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion,and related problems[J].Proc Royal Soc London,1957,241(A):376-396.
[23]BROWN R,KORRINGA J.On the dependence of the elastic properties of a porous rock on the compressibility of the pore fluid[J].Geophysics,1975(40):608-616.
[24]吴国忱.各向异性介质地震波传播与成像[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006.
[25]RüGER A.Reflection coefficients and azimuthal AVO analysis in anisotropic media[D].USA Golden:Colorado School of Mines,1996.
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