G318川藏公路段泥石流危险性评价
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摘要
以野外调查为基础,选取坡度、地表起伏度、岩石抗剪强度指标(内摩擦角与粘聚力)、距断裂距离、地震烈度、岩体风化程度、最大24 h降雨量、年平均气温、土地利用类型等10项指标作为基本判别因子,分析泥石流对影响因子的敏感程度。研究表明,G318川藏公路最有利于泥石流发育的条件为:1.坡度:20°～35°;2.地表起伏度:100～300 m;3.岩石抗剪强度指标:内摩擦角<35°,粘聚力<25 MPa;4.岩体风化程度:>0.4;5.距断层距离:0～10km;6.地震烈度:大于Ⅶ度;7.土地利用:荒漠草原、冰川、裸岩砾石、坡草地;8.年平均气温:<8°与10°～12°;9.最大24 h降雨量:>40 mm。结合GIS与信息量模型分析G318川藏公路段沿线泥石流危险性,研究结果表明:公路大部分路段处于中度、高度与极高度危险区,三者面积之和占总面积的71.99%,范围较大,主要分布在大渡河、金沙江、澜沧江、怒江、帕隆藏布江等大江大河的深切峡谷区;基本无危险区范围较小,主要位于成都平原和高原面路段,仅占总面积的4.21%。研究成果与实际灾情吻合,可为川藏公路泥石流风险评估及新路选线提供科学依据。
This article analyzes the susceptibility of debris flows along G318 Sichuan-Tibet highway,and the results show the favorable geological and geomorphological conditions for debris flow occurrence,which includes: 1.hill slopes from 20° to 35°,2.relative elevation between 100 m and 300 m,3.for rocks’shear strength indexes,angle of internal friction is lower than 35°and cohesive force is below 25 MPa,4.weathering degree of rock stratum should be above 0.4,5.the distances to faults within 10 km,6.the earthquake magnitude is above 7.0,7.land use types including desert steppe,glacier area,bare rock land,and slope grassland,8.annual mean temperature is located below 8° and between 10° and 12°,9.maximum daily rainfall is larger than 40 mm.Through adopting information acquisition analysis method for the above selected factors,the hazard degree of debris flow was evaluated,and debris-flow hard mapping of Sichuan-Tibet highway was completed with support of GIS technique.The proposed method divides the hazard degree along the highway into 5 levels: very low,low,medium,high and very high.The high hazardous areas along G318 Sichuan-Tibet highway are mainly located in the medium,high,very high levels,which account for 71.99% of the whole highway area.They are located in the canyon area of Dadu River,Jinsha River,Lanchang River,Nu River and Palongzangbu River.Referring to these areas,the debris-flow prevention project should be strengthened in road construction and land designing.While the very low hazardous areas are relatively small,accounting for only 4.21%,which are located in the sections of Chengdu plain area and Tibetan plateau area.The analyzed results above are consistent with results from the actual debris flows situation along Sichuan-Tibet highway.Thus,this hazard evaluation results are suitable for providing debris flow risk analysis and line selection for new road.
This article analyzes the susceptibility of debris flows along G318 Sichuan-Tibet highway,and the results show the favorable geological and geomorphological conditions for debris flow occurrence,which includes: 1.hill slopes from 20° to 35°,2.relative elevation between 100 m and 300 m,3.for rocks’shear strength indexes,angle of internal friction is lower than 35°and cohesive force is below 25 MPa,4.weathering degree of rock stratum should be above 0.4,5.the distances to faults within 10 km,6.the earthquake magnitude is above 7.0,7.land use types including desert steppe,glacier area,bare rock land,and slope grassland,8.annual mean temperature is located below 8° and between 10° and 12°,9.maximum daily rainfall is larger than 40 mm.Through adopting information acquisition analysis method for the above selected factors,the hazard degree of debris flow was evaluated,and debris-flow hard mapping of Sichuan-Tibet highway was completed with support of GIS technique.The proposed method divides the hazard degree along the highway into 5 levels: very low,low,medium,high and very high.The high hazardous areas along G318 Sichuan-Tibet highway are mainly located in the medium,high,very high levels,which account for 71.99% of the whole highway area.They are located in the canyon area of Dadu River,Jinsha River,Lanchang River,Nu River and Palongzangbu River.Referring to these areas,the debris-flow prevention project should be strengthened in road construction and land designing.While the very low hazardous areas are relatively small,accounting for only 4.21%,which are located in the sections of Chengdu plain area and Tibetan plateau area.The analyzed results above are consistent with results from the actual debris flows situation along Sichuan-Tibet highway.Thus,this hazard evaluation results are suitable for providing debris flow risk analysis and line selection for new road.
引文
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[16]Gao Kechang,Cui Peng,Zhao Chunyong,et al.Landslide hazard e-valuation of Wanzhou based on GIS information value method in theThree Gorges Reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2006,25(5):991-996[高克昌,崔鹏,赵纯勇,等.基于地理信息系统和信息量模型的滑坡危险性评价——以重庆万州为例[J].岩石力学与工程学,2006,25(5):991–996]
[17]Cui Jianheng.Pondering upon the geological environment along theSichuan-Tibet highway and plan of hazards controlling[J].Jour-nal of Engineering Geology,2003,11(1):100-104[崔建恒.川藏公路地质环境与整治改建方案的思考[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(1):100-104]
[18]Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,LanzhouInstitute of Glaciology and Cryopedology,Chinese Academy of Sci-ence,Traffic Science Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region.Moun-tain hazard and its prevention measures of Sichuan-Tibet highwayin Tibet Autonomous Region[M].Beijing:Science Publications,1995.[中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所,西藏自治区交通科学研究所.川藏公路南线(西藏境内)山地灾害及防治对策[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.]
[19]Zou Qiang,Cui Peng,Zhang Jianqiang,et al.Quantitative evalua-tion for susceptibility of debris flow in upper Yangtze River Basin[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,35(3):159-163[邹强,崔鹏,张建强,等.长江上游地区泥石流灾害敏感性量化评价研究[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(3):159-163]
[20]Aldo C,Susanna P,Claudio T,et al.A procedure for landslide sus-ceptibility zonation by the conditional analysis method[J].Geo-morphology,2002,48:349-364
[21]Ye Jinhan.Handbook of rock mechanics parameters[M].Bei-jing:China Water Power Press,1991.[叶金汉.岩石力学参数手册[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1991.]
[2]Zhu Pingyi,Cheng Zunlan,You Yong.Research on causes of riverblocking by sediment delivery of Peilonggou Gully debris now in theSichuan-Xizang Highway[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2000,9(1):80-83[朱平一,程尊兰,游勇.川藏公路培龙沟泥石流输砂堵江成因探讨[J].自然灾害学报,2000,9(1):80-83]
[3]Li Deji You Yong.Bursting of the Midui Moraine Lake in Bomi,Xi-zang[J].Journal of Mountain Research,1992,10(4):219-2240[李德基,游勇.西藏波密米堆冰湖溃决浅议[J].山地研究(现山地学报),1992,10(4):219-2240]
[4]Katsuji Adachi,Kunio Tokuyama,Akito Nakasuji,et al.Study onJudgment of outbreak ability of debris flow[J].SHIN-SABO,1977,33(4):7-16[足立胜治,德山久仁夫,中筋章人,等.土石流发生危险度の判定にフやて[J].新砂防,1977,30(3):7-16]
[5]Tamotsu Takahashi,Nakagaw Hajime,Hiroaki Sato.Hazard assess-ment of debris flow alluvial fan[J].Annuals,DPRI,1988,31(B-2):655-676[高桥堡,中川一,佐藤宏章.扇状地ごちける图砂泛滥灾害危险度的评价[J].京都大学防灾研究所年报,1988,31(B-2):655-676]
[6]Smith,T C.A method for mapping relative susceptibility to debrisflows,with an example from San Mateo County,California[G]//El-len,S D,Wieczorek,G F.Landslides,floods,and marine effects ofthe storm of January 3-5,1982,in San Francisco Bay Region,Cali-fornia.US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1434,1988:185-194
[7]Hollingsworth R,Kovacs G S.Soil slumps and debris flows:predic-tion and protection[J].Bulletin of the Association of EngineeringGeologists,1981,18(1):17-28
[8]Arora M K,DasGupta A S,Gupta R P.An artificial neural networkapproach for landslide hazard zonation in the Bhagirathi(Ganga)Valley,Himalayas[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,25(3):559-572
[9]Lin M L,Tung C C.A GIS-based potential analysis of the land-slides induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake[J].Engineering Geolo-gy,2003,71(1-2):63-77
[10]Tan Bingyan.Quantitative determination on severity of debris flowgully[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,1986,(1):45-52[谭炳炎.泥石流沟严重程度的数量化综合评判[J].铁道工程学报,1986,(1):45-52]
[11]Liu Xilin.Determination on debris flow hazard[J].Journal ofCatastrophology,1988,3(3):10-15[刘希林.泥石流危险度判定的研究[J].灾害学,1988,3(3):10-15]
[12]Wei F Q,Hu K H,Lopez J L,et al.Method and its application ofthe momentum model for debris flow risk zoning[J].Chinese Sci-ence,2003,48(3):298-301
[13]Cascini L.Applicability of landslide susceptibility and hazard zon-ing at different scales[J].Engineering Geology,2008,102(3/4):164-177
[14]Zhuang Jianqi,Cui Peng,Ge Yonggang,et al.Risk assessment ofcollapses and landslides caused by“5.12”Wenchuan earth-quake——a case study of Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Suppl.2):3735-3742[庄建琦,崔鹏,葛永刚,等.“5.12”汶川地震崩塌滑坡危险性评价——以都汶公路沿线为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增2):3735-3742]
[15]Ruan Shenyong,Huang Runqiu.Application of GIS-based infor-mation model on assessment of geological hazards risk[J].Journalof Chengdu University of Technology,2001,28(1):89-92[阮沈勇,黄润秋.基于GIS的信息量法模型在地质灾害危险性区划中的应用[J].成都理工学院学报,2001,28(1):89-92]
[16]Gao Kechang,Cui Peng,Zhao Chunyong,et al.Landslide hazard e-valuation of Wanzhou based on GIS information value method in theThree Gorges Reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2006,25(5):991-996[高克昌,崔鹏,赵纯勇,等.基于地理信息系统和信息量模型的滑坡危险性评价——以重庆万州为例[J].岩石力学与工程学,2006,25(5):991–996]
[17]Cui Jianheng.Pondering upon the geological environment along theSichuan-Tibet highway and plan of hazards controlling[J].Jour-nal of Engineering Geology,2003,11(1):100-104[崔建恒.川藏公路地质环境与整治改建方案的思考[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(1):100-104]
[18]Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,LanzhouInstitute of Glaciology and Cryopedology,Chinese Academy of Sci-ence,Traffic Science Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region.Moun-tain hazard and its prevention measures of Sichuan-Tibet highwayin Tibet Autonomous Region[M].Beijing:Science Publications,1995.[中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所,西藏自治区交通科学研究所.川藏公路南线(西藏境内)山地灾害及防治对策[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.]
[19]Zou Qiang,Cui Peng,Zhang Jianqiang,et al.Quantitative evalua-tion for susceptibility of debris flow in upper Yangtze River Basin[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,35(3):159-163[邹强,崔鹏,张建强,等.长江上游地区泥石流灾害敏感性量化评价研究[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(3):159-163]
[20]Aldo C,Susanna P,Claudio T,et al.A procedure for landslide sus-ceptibility zonation by the conditional analysis method[J].Geo-morphology,2002,48:349-364
[21]Ye Jinhan.Handbook of rock mechanics parameters[M].Bei-jing:China Water Power Press,1991.[叶金汉.岩石力学参数手册[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1991.]
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