南天山库车褶皱-冲断带喀拉玉尔滚构造带新生代变形特征及其控制因素
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摘要
喀拉玉尔滚构造带是南天山库车褶皱-冲断带的变形前缘,其地下深层变形特征仍然不清楚.结合野外地质调查结果、数字高程模型数据、钻井数据和高品质二维地震反射剖面,厘定喀拉玉尔滚构造带背斜的平面展布、几何学和运动学特征及变形时间,并结合前人研究成果探讨喀拉玉尔滚构造带新生代变形控制因素.喀拉玉尔滚构造带为典型的挤压构造带,近EW向延伸约165km,由一系列带状背斜组成,且背斜核部发育多条隐伏逆冲断层.喀拉玉尔滚构造带新生代变形特征主要表现为5个方面:(1)北喀背斜为盐枕构造;(2)中喀背斜和南喀背斜的几何形态不对称、背斜倾伏方向相反,分别为向北和向南,二者交汇处发生了位移转换;(3)羊塔克背斜和英买力背斜为基本对称的低幅度滑脱褶皱;(4)背斜幅度整体上从西往东逐渐降低;(5)背斜变形时间从西往东逐渐变新.研究结果表明,喀拉玉尔滚构造带新生代变形主要受区域挤压作用、盐层和基底构造共同控制.
Kalayuergun structural belt (KSB) is the deformation leading edge of Kuqa fold and thrust belt, southern Tianshan, whose subsurface deformation characteristics is still unclear. Based on field observations, digital elevation model, well data and high-quality 2D seismic reflection profiles, we explore the distribution, geometry, kinematics and deformation age of anticlines in the KSB. Combined with the results of previous studies, the deformation controlling factors of the KSB are discussed. KSB extending E-W for about 165 km, is a typical compressional structural belt, which is characterized by five elongate anticlines, including Beika, Zhongka, Nanka, Yangtage and Yingmaili anticlines, as well as several blind thrust faults developed at the core of anticlines. Cenozoic deformation characteristics of the KSB are summarized as the following five aspects: (1) Beika anticline is a salt pillow structure; (2) Asymmetric Zhongka and Nanka anticlines have opposite structural vergence, while a displacement transfer zone was formed between them; (3) Yangtage and Yingmaili anticlines are symmetric, low-amplitude detachment folds; (4) The amplitude of anticlines decrease gradually from west to east; (5) The deformation ages were youngling eastward progressively. The results of this study reveal that the major controlling factors of Cenozoic deformation in the KSB are regional compression, salt layer and basement structures.
Kalayuergun structural belt (KSB) is the deformation leading edge of Kuqa fold and thrust belt, southern Tianshan, whose subsurface deformation characteristics is still unclear. Based on field observations, digital elevation model, well data and high-quality 2D seismic reflection profiles, we explore the distribution, geometry, kinematics and deformation age of anticlines in the KSB. Combined with the results of previous studies, the deformation controlling factors of the KSB are discussed. KSB extending E-W for about 165 km, is a typical compressional structural belt, which is characterized by five elongate anticlines, including Beika, Zhongka, Nanka, Yangtage and Yingmaili anticlines, as well as several blind thrust faults developed at the core of anticlines. Cenozoic deformation characteristics of the KSB are summarized as the following five aspects: (1) Beika anticline is a salt pillow structure; (2) Asymmetric Zhongka and Nanka anticlines have opposite structural vergence, while a displacement transfer zone was formed between them; (3) Yangtage and Yingmaili anticlines are symmetric, low-amplitude detachment folds; (4) The amplitude of anticlines decrease gradually from west to east; (5) The deformation ages were youngling eastward progressively. The results of this study reveal that the major controlling factors of Cenozoic deformation in the KSB are regional compression, salt layer and basement structures.
引文
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Chen,H.Y.,Li,J.H.,Zhao,X.,2009.Paleozoic StructuralStyles and Evolution of the North Tarim Uplift.Geolo-gy in China,36(2):314-321(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Chen,J.,Heermance,R.,Burbank,D.W.,et al.,2007.Quantification of Growth and Lateral Propagation of theKashi Anticline,Southwest Chinese Tian Shan.J.Geo-phys.Res.,112(B3).doi:10.1029/2006JB004345
Chen,S.P.,Tang,L.J.,Jin,Z.J.,et al.,2004.Thrust andFold Tectonics and the Role of Evaporites in Deforma-tion in the Western Kuqa Foreland of Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Marine and Petroleum Geology,21(8):1027-1042.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.01.008
Daёron,M.,Avouac,J.P.,Charreau,J.,2007.Modeling theShortening History of a Fault Tip Fold Using Structur-al and Geomorphic Records of Deformation.J.Geo-phys.Res.,112(B3).doi:10.1029/2006JB004460
Dahlstrom,C.D.A.,1970.Structural Geology in the EasternMargin of the Canadian Rocky Mountains.Bulletin ofCanadian Petroleum Geology,18(3):332-406.
Davis,D.M.,Engelder,T.,1985.The Role of Salt in Fold-and-Thrust Belts.Tectonophysics,119(1-4):67-88.doi:10.1016/0040-1951(85)90033-2
Fan,X.T.,Lu,H.F.,Guo,H.D.,et al.,2000.NeotectonicAnalysis of the Kuqa Foreland Thrust Belt by UsingRemote Sensing Data.Geological Review,46(5):499-506(in Chinese with English abstract).
Fu,B.H.,Lin,A.M.,Kano,K.I.,et al.,2004.Applicationof Stereoscopic Satellite Images for Studying Quaterna-ry Tectonics in Arid Regions.International Journal ofRemote Sensing,25(3):537-547.doi:10.1080/0143116031000150031
Gonzalez-Mieres,R.,Suppe,J.,2006.Relief and Shorteningin Detachment Folds.Journal of Structural Geology,28(10):1785-1807.doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2006.07.001
Guan,S.W.,Wang,X.,Yang,S.F.,et al.,2005.Two Con-ceptual Models of Displacement Transfer and Exam-ples.Science in China(Series D):Earth Sciences,48(7):900-911.doi:10.1360/03yd0399
Hardy,S.,Poblet,J.,1994.Geometric and Numerical Modelof Progressive Limb Rotation in Detachment Folds.Ge-ology,22(4):371-374.doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1994)002<0371:GANMOP>2.3.CO;2
Hardy,S.,Poblet,J.,McClay,K.,et al.,1996.MathematicalModelling of Growth Strata Associated with Fault-Re-lated Fold Structures.Geological Society Special Pub-lications,99:265-282.doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.20
He,D.,Li,J.H.,Li,B.S.,2009.Structural Characteristicsand Geological Significance of Karayulgun Fault inNorthern Tarim Basin.Acta Scientiarum NaturaliumUniversitatis Pekinensis,45(1):90-96(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Hubert-Ferrari,A.,Suppe,J.,Van der Woerd,J.,et al.,2005.Irregular Earthquake Cycle along the SouthernTianshan Front,Aksu Area,China.J.Geophys.Res.,110(B6).doi:10.1029/2003JB002603
Hubert-Ferrari,A.,Suppe,J.,Gonzalez-Mieres,R.,et al.,2007.Mechanisms of Active Folding of the Landscape(Southern Tianshan,China).J.Geophys.Res.,112(B3).doi:10.1029/2006JB004362
Jackson,M.P.A.,Talbot,C.J.,1991.A Glossary of SaltTectonics.Bureau of Economic Geology,The Universityof Texas at Austin,Austin,Texas,Geological Circular,91-4:1-42.
Jin,W.Z.,Tang,L.J.,Wan,G.M.,et al.,2007.Character-istics of Salt-Related Tectonics in the Eastern QiulitageTectonic Belt of Kuche Foreland Basin.Acta PetroleiSinica,28(3):8-12(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Koyi,H.,Petersen,K.,1993.Influence of Basement Faultson the Development of Salt Structures in the Danish Ba-sin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,10(2):82-94.doi:10.1016/0264-8172(93)90015-K
Li,B.S.,Qin,Q.M.,He,D.,et al.,2007.Study on Karayul-gun Structural Belt Based on Multiple-Spatial Resolu-tion Remote Sensing Images.Geological Science andTechnology Information,26(5):100-104,108(inChinese with English abstract).
Li,S.Q.,2009.Compression Salt Tectonics and Synkinemat-ics Strata Record in the Middle to Western Kuqa Fore-land Basin,Southern Tian Shan(Dissertateion).Zhe-jiang University,Hangzhou(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Li,S.Q.,Wang,X.,Suppe,J.,2012.Compressional SaltTectonics and Synkinematic Strata of the Western KuqaForeland Basin,Southern Tianshan,China.Basin Re-search,24(4):475-497.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2117.2011.00531.x
Lu,H.F.,Jia,C.Z.,Jia,D.,et al.,2001.Features of theThrust Wedge of Deformation Belt in Kuqa Rejuve-nation Foreland Basin.Geological Journal of ChinaUniversities,7(3):257-271(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Sans,M.,Vergés,J.,1995.Fold Development Related toContractional Salt Tectonics:Southeastern PyreneanThrust Front,Spain.AAPG Memoir,65:369-378.
Shaw,J.H.,Bilotti,F.Brennan,P.A.,1999.Patterns of Im-bricate Thrusting.Geological Society of America Bul-letin,111(8):1140-1154.doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1140:POIT>2.3.CO;2
Shen,J.,Wu,C.Y.,Li,J.,et al.,2006.The Basic Featuresof the Active Tectonics in the Kuqa Depression of theSouthern Tianshan.Seismology and Geology,28(2):269-278(in Chinese with English abstract).
Simoes,M.,Avouac,J.P.,Chen,Y.G.,et al.,2007.Kine-matic Analysis of the Pakuashan Fault Tip Fold,WestCentral Taiwan:Shortening Rate and Age of FoldingInception.J.Geophys.Res.,112(B3).doi:10.1029/2005JB004198
Stewart,S.A.,1996.Influence of Detachment Layer Thick-ness on Style of Thin-Skinned Shortening.Journal ofStructural Geology,18(10):1271-1274.doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(96)00052-1
Stewart,S.A.,1999.Geometry of Thin-Skinned TectonicSystems in Relation to Detachment Layer Thickness inSedimentary Basins.Tectonics,18(4):719-732.doi:10.1029/1999TC900018
Sun,J.M.,Li,Y.,Zhang,Z.Q.,et al.,2009.Magnetostrati-graphic Data on Neogene Growth Folding in the Fore-land Basin of the Southern Tianshan Mountains.Geolo-gy,37(11):1051-1054.doi:10.1130/G30278A.1
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