白云鄂博群哈拉霍疙特组滑塌堆积的发现及其地质意义
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摘要
笔者等在白云鄂博矿田北西部查干楚鲁附近白云鄂博群哈拉霍疙特组上段发现了典型的滑塌堆积。重点研究了同一滑塌层位中的两个滑塌堆积露头。整个滑塌堆积层岩性单一,内部结构杂乱,不见原始沉积层理。根据野外观察和室内薄片鉴定结果,该处岩性主要有两种:形状不一、大小混杂的灰黄色白云岩岩块(滑积岩块)杂乱无序地分布在深灰色纹层状碳质微晶灰岩(本地沉积)中。最大的透镜状白云岩滑积岩块露头长27m,宽5.8m。深灰色纹层状碳质微晶灰岩岩层产状基本稳定,整体北倾,倾角较大。深灰色灰岩层与灰黄色白云岩的接触界面附近发育软沉积物变形构造,白云岩滑积岩块本身棱角不明显,两端有明显的细颈拉长现象,表明滑塌发生时,白云岩处于半固结和不完全成岩状态。滑积岩块位于不同的背景沉积层位中,揭示露头区存在多次的滑塌堆积事件。根据滑塌堆积的内部结构特征,初步判断其为被动大陆边缘靠近多岛洋或碳酸盐台地的深水盆地边缘,主要触发因素可能为地震活动。此外,白云鄂博群中滑塌岩块的发现表明白云鄂博群与腮林忽洞群沉积时具有相似的构造、古地理环境,这为白云鄂博群与腮林忽洞群相当(均为早古生代)提供了新的佐证。
The carbonate olistostromes found in the Upper Member of the Halahuogete Formation in the Bayan Obo Group were recognized in the field to the northwest of Bayan Obo Deposit,Inner Mongolia. We focus on the research of the two olistostrome outcrops in the field belong to the same horizon. The lithology of the entire olistostrome is monomictic,with chaotic internal structures,without showing the original sedimentary beddings.According to the data collecting in the field and thin sections,there are two major rock types: the dark-gray laminated carbonaceous micrite,which represents the autochthonous deposition,and sallow dolostone olistolith.There are a lot of sallow dolostone blocks with different shapes and sizes distributed in the dark-gray laminated carbonaceous micrite. The largest lenticular dolostone slump block is 27m in length,and 5. 8m in width. The attitude of the dark-gray laminated carbonaceous micrite layers is basically stable,north-dipping with steep angle.We have recognized some soft-sediment deformation structures from the outcrop near the contact interface of the autochthonous limestone and the olistostrome. The dolostone slump blocks do not show the sharp corners,and both ends of the large olistolith are obviously necking,indicating a soft or semi-solidified state during transportation and deposition. The olistoliths in different autochthonous sedimentary beds reveal at least several slump events in this outcrop. We believe that the olistostrome should be deposited at the bottom of a hemipelagic-pelagic ocean basin adjacent to the margin of carbonate platform where the dolostone was formed first in the shallow water and then cut and moved away by slumps. Seismic activities may be the major trigger factor. In addition,the olistostromes discovered in Bayan Obo Group suggest that when Bayan Obo Group and Sailinhudong Group deposited,they had similar tectonic environment and paleogeography,It provides new evidence that Bayan Obo Group is equal to Sailinhudong Group( both early Paleozoic).
The carbonate olistostromes found in the Upper Member of the Halahuogete Formation in the Bayan Obo Group were recognized in the field to the northwest of Bayan Obo Deposit,Inner Mongolia. We focus on the research of the two olistostrome outcrops in the field belong to the same horizon. The lithology of the entire olistostrome is monomictic,with chaotic internal structures,without showing the original sedimentary beddings.According to the data collecting in the field and thin sections,there are two major rock types: the dark-gray laminated carbonaceous micrite,which represents the autochthonous deposition,and sallow dolostone olistolith.There are a lot of sallow dolostone blocks with different shapes and sizes distributed in the dark-gray laminated carbonaceous micrite. The largest lenticular dolostone slump block is 27m in length,and 5. 8m in width. The attitude of the dark-gray laminated carbonaceous micrite layers is basically stable,north-dipping with steep angle.We have recognized some soft-sediment deformation structures from the outcrop near the contact interface of the autochthonous limestone and the olistostrome. The dolostone slump blocks do not show the sharp corners,and both ends of the large olistolith are obviously necking,indicating a soft or semi-solidified state during transportation and deposition. The olistoliths in different autochthonous sedimentary beds reveal at least several slump events in this outcrop. We believe that the olistostrome should be deposited at the bottom of a hemipelagic-pelagic ocean basin adjacent to the margin of carbonate platform where the dolostone was formed first in the shallow water and then cut and moved away by slumps. Seismic activities may be the major trigger factor. In addition,the olistostromes discovered in Bayan Obo Group suggest that when Bayan Obo Group and Sailinhudong Group deposited,they had similar tectonic environment and paleogeography,It provides new evidence that Bayan Obo Group is equal to Sailinhudong Group( both early Paleozoic).
引文
冯先岳,1989.地震振动液化形变的研究.内陆地震,8(4):299～307.
高计元,王一先,裘愉卓,张乾.2001.内蒙古中西部多岛海构造演化.大地构造与成矿学,25(4):397～404.
梁玉左,王楫.1994.内蒙古白云鄂博群中微生物岩的发现及其地质意义.中国区域地质,(3):281～283.
刘铁庚,张正伟,叶霖,沈能平,杨占峰,李称心,冯建荣.2012.白云鄂博"白云岩"地质地球化学特征及成因讨论.地质学报,86(5):723～734.
吕洪波,章雨旭,肖国旺,张绮玲.2006.内蒙古白云鄂博南东黑脑包腮林忽洞群下部发现地震滑塌岩块.地质论评,52(3):163～171.
吕洪波,王俊,张海春.2011.山东灵山岛晚中生代滑塌沉积层的发现及区域构造意义初探.地质学报,85(6):938～946.
吕洪波,张海春,王俊,张素菁,董晓朋,张星.2012.山东胶南灵山岛晚中生代浊积岩中发现巨大滑积岩块.地质论评,(1):80～81.
内蒙古地质矿产局.1996.内蒙古岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
潘启宇.1995.关于白云鄂博地区宽沟南北地层对比及铁矿成因问题研究的新认识.内蒙古地质,(Z1):1～5.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,彭阳,李海兵,高励,宋彪,张巧大.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列.地质学报,68(1):16～34.
乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳,章雨旭.1997.内蒙古腮林忽洞群综合地层和白云鄂博矿床赋矿微晶丘.地质学报,71(3):202～211.
王荃,刘学亚,李锦轶.1991.中国内蒙古中部的古板块构造.中国地质科学院院刊,22:1～15.
肖荣阁,史淑玲,安国英,张汉成,费红彩.2003.内蒙古白云鄂博矿区富钾板岩的热水沉积成因特征.现代地质,17(3):281～286.
张鹏远,李双庆,王长尧,牛绍武,孙淑芬,管爱莲,梁伟.1993.白云鄂博地区地质构造特征.见:中国地质科学院天津地质矿产研究所所刊(28).北京:地质出版社,1～86.
张玉清,郝俊峰,孙雨霞.2004.从疑源类化石看内蒙古中部阿牙登组和腮林忽洞组.地层学杂志,28(3):235～239.
章雨旭,吕洪波,张绮玲,乔秀夫.2005.微晶丘成因新认识.地球科学进展,20(6):693～700.
章雨旭,江少卿,张绮玲,赖晓东,彭阳,杨晓勇.2008.论内蒙古白云鄂博群和白云鄂博超大型稀土—铌—铁矿床成矿的年代.中国地质,(6):1129～1137.
章雨旭,杨占峰,张绮玲,柳建勇,吕洪波,姬志勇,彭阳,刘敬国,杨晓勇,程素萍,江少卿,肖国望,白大明,赵永岗,王宜军,樊学豹,张立志,温贵,冯玉喜,郝美珍,陈林,马文亮,郭爱芳,赖小东,王俊,刘淑春,费红彩,郝梓国.2009.白云鄂博矿床及北京西山微晶丘地质地球化学研究.北京:地质出版社.
章雨旭,柳建勇.2010.内蒙古达茂旗黑脑包腮林忽洞群中发现宏体化石.地质论评,56(1):123～124.
章雨旭,吕洪波,王俊,柳建勇,孟庆伟,黄敏.2012.白云鄂博矿床成矿构造环境分析.地质学报,86(5):767～774.
周建波,郑永飞,杨晓勇,舒勇,魏春生,谢智.2002.白云鄂博地区构造格局与古板块构造演化.高校地质学报,8(1):46～61.
Abbate E,Bortolotti V,Passerini P.1970.Olistostromes and olistoliths.Sedimentary Geology,(4):521～557.
Camerlenghi A,Pini G A.2009.Mud volcanoes,olistostromes and Argille scagliose in the Mediterranean region.Sedimentology,56:319 ～365.
Channell J E T.1992.Paleomagnetism and Paleogeography of the northern calcareous Alps(Austria).Tectonics,11(4):792～810.
Dilek Y,Shallo M,Furnes H.2005.Rift-drift,Seafloor spreading,and subduction tectonics of Albanian ophiolites.International Geology Review,47:147～176.
Dilek Y,Imamverdiyev N,Altunkaynak S.2010.Geochemistry and tectonics of Cenozoic volcanism in the Lesser Caucasus(Azerbaijan)and the peri-Arabian region:collision-induced mantle dynamics and its magmatic fingerprint.International Geology Review,52(4～6):536 ～578.
Festa A,Pini G A,Dilek Y,Codegone G.2010.Melanges and mélange-forming processes:a historical overview and new concepts.International Geology Review,52(10～12):1040～1105.
Fisher R V.1971.Features of coarse-grained,high-concentration fluids and their deposits.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,41:916～927.
Flores G.1959.Evidence of slump phenomena(olistostromes)in areas of hydrocarbons exploration in Sicily.World Petrol Congress Proceedings,5th,New York,13:259～275.
Froitzheim N,Eberli G P.1990.Extensional detachment faulting in the evolution of a Tethys passive continental margin(Eastern Alps,Switzerland).Geological Society of America Bulletin,102:1297～1308.
HsüJinghua.1968.Principles of mélanges and their bearing on the Franciscan—Knoxville Paradox.Geological Society of Americ a Bullettin,79:1063～1074.
HsüJinghua.1973.Mesozoic evolution of California Coast ranges;a second look.In:DeJong K A,Scholten R(eds).Gravity and tectonics.New York:John Wiley and Sons,379～396.
Kurz W,Neubauer F,Genser J,Dachs E.1998.Alpine geodynamic evolution of passive and active continental margin sequences in the Tauern Window(eastern Alps,Austria,Italy):A review.Geologische Rundschau,87:225～242.
Liu G,Einsele G.1996.Various types of olistostromes in a closing ocean basin,Tethyan Himalaya(Cretaceous,Tibet).Sedimentary Geology,(104):203～226.
Moore D G,Curray J R,Emmel F J.1976.Large submarine slide(olistostrome)associated with Sunda arc subduction zone,Northeast Indian Ocean.Marine Geology,(21):211～226.
Naylor M A.1981.Debris flow(olistostromes)and slumping on a distal passive continental margin:the Palombini limestone—shale sequence of the northern Apennines.Sedimentology,(28):837～852.
Pini G A.1999.Tectonosomes and olistostromes in the argille scagliose of the Northern Apennines,Italy.Geological Society of America,Special Paper:335.
Udden J A.1898.Mechanical composition of wind deposits.Augustana Library Pub,1:69.
Wentworth C K.1922.A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments.Jour.Geology,30:377～392
高计元,王一先,裘愉卓,张乾.2001.内蒙古中西部多岛海构造演化.大地构造与成矿学,25(4):397～404.
梁玉左,王楫.1994.内蒙古白云鄂博群中微生物岩的发现及其地质意义.中国区域地质,(3):281～283.
刘铁庚,张正伟,叶霖,沈能平,杨占峰,李称心,冯建荣.2012.白云鄂博"白云岩"地质地球化学特征及成因讨论.地质学报,86(5):723～734.
吕洪波,章雨旭,肖国旺,张绮玲.2006.内蒙古白云鄂博南东黑脑包腮林忽洞群下部发现地震滑塌岩块.地质论评,52(3):163～171.
吕洪波,王俊,张海春.2011.山东灵山岛晚中生代滑塌沉积层的发现及区域构造意义初探.地质学报,85(6):938～946.
吕洪波,张海春,王俊,张素菁,董晓朋,张星.2012.山东胶南灵山岛晚中生代浊积岩中发现巨大滑积岩块.地质论评,(1):80～81.
内蒙古地质矿产局.1996.内蒙古岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
潘启宇.1995.关于白云鄂博地区宽沟南北地层对比及铁矿成因问题研究的新认识.内蒙古地质,(Z1):1～5.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,彭阳,李海兵,高励,宋彪,张巧大.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列.地质学报,68(1):16～34.
乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳,章雨旭.1997.内蒙古腮林忽洞群综合地层和白云鄂博矿床赋矿微晶丘.地质学报,71(3):202～211.
王荃,刘学亚,李锦轶.1991.中国内蒙古中部的古板块构造.中国地质科学院院刊,22:1～15.
肖荣阁,史淑玲,安国英,张汉成,费红彩.2003.内蒙古白云鄂博矿区富钾板岩的热水沉积成因特征.现代地质,17(3):281～286.
张鹏远,李双庆,王长尧,牛绍武,孙淑芬,管爱莲,梁伟.1993.白云鄂博地区地质构造特征.见:中国地质科学院天津地质矿产研究所所刊(28).北京:地质出版社,1～86.
张玉清,郝俊峰,孙雨霞.2004.从疑源类化石看内蒙古中部阿牙登组和腮林忽洞组.地层学杂志,28(3):235～239.
章雨旭,吕洪波,张绮玲,乔秀夫.2005.微晶丘成因新认识.地球科学进展,20(6):693～700.
章雨旭,江少卿,张绮玲,赖晓东,彭阳,杨晓勇.2008.论内蒙古白云鄂博群和白云鄂博超大型稀土—铌—铁矿床成矿的年代.中国地质,(6):1129～1137.
章雨旭,杨占峰,张绮玲,柳建勇,吕洪波,姬志勇,彭阳,刘敬国,杨晓勇,程素萍,江少卿,肖国望,白大明,赵永岗,王宜军,樊学豹,张立志,温贵,冯玉喜,郝美珍,陈林,马文亮,郭爱芳,赖小东,王俊,刘淑春,费红彩,郝梓国.2009.白云鄂博矿床及北京西山微晶丘地质地球化学研究.北京:地质出版社.
章雨旭,柳建勇.2010.内蒙古达茂旗黑脑包腮林忽洞群中发现宏体化石.地质论评,56(1):123～124.
章雨旭,吕洪波,王俊,柳建勇,孟庆伟,黄敏.2012.白云鄂博矿床成矿构造环境分析.地质学报,86(5):767～774.
周建波,郑永飞,杨晓勇,舒勇,魏春生,谢智.2002.白云鄂博地区构造格局与古板块构造演化.高校地质学报,8(1):46～61.
Abbate E,Bortolotti V,Passerini P.1970.Olistostromes and olistoliths.Sedimentary Geology,(4):521～557.
Camerlenghi A,Pini G A.2009.Mud volcanoes,olistostromes and Argille scagliose in the Mediterranean region.Sedimentology,56:319 ～365.
Channell J E T.1992.Paleomagnetism and Paleogeography of the northern calcareous Alps(Austria).Tectonics,11(4):792～810.
Dilek Y,Shallo M,Furnes H.2005.Rift-drift,Seafloor spreading,and subduction tectonics of Albanian ophiolites.International Geology Review,47:147～176.
Dilek Y,Imamverdiyev N,Altunkaynak S.2010.Geochemistry and tectonics of Cenozoic volcanism in the Lesser Caucasus(Azerbaijan)and the peri-Arabian region:collision-induced mantle dynamics and its magmatic fingerprint.International Geology Review,52(4～6):536 ～578.
Festa A,Pini G A,Dilek Y,Codegone G.2010.Melanges and mélange-forming processes:a historical overview and new concepts.International Geology Review,52(10～12):1040～1105.
Fisher R V.1971.Features of coarse-grained,high-concentration fluids and their deposits.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,41:916～927.
Flores G.1959.Evidence of slump phenomena(olistostromes)in areas of hydrocarbons exploration in Sicily.World Petrol Congress Proceedings,5th,New York,13:259～275.
Froitzheim N,Eberli G P.1990.Extensional detachment faulting in the evolution of a Tethys passive continental margin(Eastern Alps,Switzerland).Geological Society of America Bulletin,102:1297～1308.
HsüJinghua.1968.Principles of mélanges and their bearing on the Franciscan—Knoxville Paradox.Geological Society of Americ a Bullettin,79:1063～1074.
HsüJinghua.1973.Mesozoic evolution of California Coast ranges;a second look.In:DeJong K A,Scholten R(eds).Gravity and tectonics.New York:John Wiley and Sons,379～396.
Kurz W,Neubauer F,Genser J,Dachs E.1998.Alpine geodynamic evolution of passive and active continental margin sequences in the Tauern Window(eastern Alps,Austria,Italy):A review.Geologische Rundschau,87:225～242.
Liu G,Einsele G.1996.Various types of olistostromes in a closing ocean basin,Tethyan Himalaya(Cretaceous,Tibet).Sedimentary Geology,(104):203～226.
Moore D G,Curray J R,Emmel F J.1976.Large submarine slide(olistostrome)associated with Sunda arc subduction zone,Northeast Indian Ocean.Marine Geology,(21):211～226.
Naylor M A.1981.Debris flow(olistostromes)and slumping on a distal passive continental margin:the Palombini limestone—shale sequence of the northern Apennines.Sedimentology,(28):837～852.
Pini G A.1999.Tectonosomes and olistostromes in the argille scagliose of the Northern Apennines,Italy.Geological Society of America,Special Paper:335.
Udden J A.1898.Mechanical composition of wind deposits.Augustana Library Pub,1:69.
Wentworth C K.1922.A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments.Jour.Geology,30:377～392
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