基于小波变换的相干技术在断层解释中的应用
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摘要
基于小波变换的相干技术在抑制噪声的能力和减少计算量方面优势显著.将小波变换方法与相干体技术相结合,提出了一种基于小波变换的相干体计算的新方法,并将小波变换相干体技术应用在XY区块复杂断裂断层检测中.实践证明,小波变换相干体技术可以得到突出特定频带的相干体,适用不同品质的地震资料,相对于常规相干技术更能突出不同层次的地质特征.
The paper introduces the algorithm of the coherence cube on the basis of wavelet transform.The algorithm combines the wavelet transform method with coherence cube technology from the view of enhancing the ability to suppress noises and to improve the computing quality.The study result shows that one can choose the proper wavelet transform parameter and appropriate coherent processing parameter to the seismic data of different qualities,so as to extract the coherence cube in a given frequency division;one can also reconstruct the coherence cube that calculate in frequency division through different weights,so as to stand out the coherence cube of a given frequency.The wavelet transform coherency technique has been applied in real fault detection in the oil fields and achieved good results.
The paper introduces the algorithm of the coherence cube on the basis of wavelet transform.The algorithm combines the wavelet transform method with coherence cube technology from the view of enhancing the ability to suppress noises and to improve the computing quality.The study result shows that one can choose the proper wavelet transform parameter and appropriate coherent processing parameter to the seismic data of different qualities,so as to extract the coherence cube in a given frequency division;one can also reconstruct the coherence cube that calculate in frequency division through different weights,so as to stand out the coherence cube of a given frequency.The wavelet transform coherency technique has been applied in real fault detection in the oil fields and achieved good results.
引文
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[3]Gersztenkorn A,Marfurt K J.Eigenstructure-based coherencecomputations as an aid to 3-D structural and stratigraphicmapping[J].Geophysics,1999,64(5):1468-1479.
[4]A1-Dossary S,Simon Y,Marfurt K J.Inter azimuth coherenceattribute for fracture detection[J].SEG Technical ProgramExpanded Abstracts,2004,(5):183-186.
[5]叶增炉,何建军,林杰.基于小波变换相干体算法的实现及应用效果分析[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,33(5):528-531.Ye Z L,He J J,Lin J.Implementation of calculatingcoherence cube on the basis of wavelet transform and analysisof its applied results[J].Journal of Chengdu University ofTechnology(Science&Technology Edition)(in Chinese),2006,33(5):528-531.
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[7]王西文,高静怀,李幼铭.高分辨地震资料处理中导数小波函数的构造[J].石油物探,2000,39(2):64-71,76.Wang X W,Gao J H,Li Y M.Construction of derivativewavelet function in high resolution seismic data processing[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2000,39(2):64-71,76.
[8]柏冠军,赵汝敏,杨松岭,等.优势频带相位分析技术在AA区块断层解释中的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(5):513-516.Bai G J,Zhao R M,Yang S L,et al.Application of dominantfrequency band phase analysis technique on the faultinterpretation in AA Block[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),2011,50(5):513-516.
[9]柏冠军,赵汝敏,杨松岭,等.地震曲率技术在地震资料解释中的应用[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(5):23-27.Bai G J,Zhao R M,Yang S L,et al.Seismic curvatureattributes and their application to seismic interpretation[J].Engineering Sciences(in Chinese),2011,13(5):23-27.
[10]王西文,苏明军,刘军迎,等.基于小波变换的地震相干体算法及其应用[J].石油物探,2002,41(3):334-338.Wang X W,Sun M J,Liu J Y,et al.Computation of seismiccoherence cube based on wavelet transform and its application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2002,41(3):334-338.
[11]柏冠军.三维地震资料微机管理及可视化解释系统研究与开发[D].西安:西北大学硕士学位论文,2006.Bai G J.Research and Development of 3D Seismic DataManagement and Visual Interpretation System Based on PC(in Chinese)[D].Xi’an:A Dissertation Submitted toNorthwest University for the Degree of Master ofEngineering,2006.
[12]张三宗,徐义贤.地震记录小波域高阶相关叠加技术[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):554-560.Zhang S_Z,Xu Y_X.Higher-order correlative stacking forseismic data in the wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):554-560.
[13]李丽,吕福亮,范国章,等.海洋深水水道地震综合解释技术研究——以南海北部陆坡区更新统深水水道为例[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(3):1020-1025.Li L,LüF L,Fan G Z,et al.Integrated seismicinterpretation of deep water channels in northern slope of theSouth China Sea[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2012,27(3):1020-1025.
[14]李美,赵玉华,刘静,等.苏里格气田地震资料叠前保幅去噪技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(2):680-687.Li M,Zhao Y H,Liu J,et al.Study of the amplitudepreserved denoising techology for prestack seismic data inSulige Gasfield[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2012,27(2):680-687.
[15]张春贺,乔德武,李世臻,等.复杂地区油气地球物理勘探技术集成[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(2):374-387.Zhang C H,Qiao D W,Li S Z,et al.Integration of oil andgas geophysical exploration technologies for geologicallycomplex areas[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(2):374-387.
[16]张进铎.地震解释技术现状及发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):578-587.Zhang J D.Present status and future trend of seismic datainterpretation techniques[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2006,21(2):578-587.
[17]韩国庆,穆龙新,郭凯,等.复杂断块砂砾岩油藏地震解释[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):110-118.Han G Q,Mu L X,Guo K,et al.Seismic interpretation ofthe glutenite reservoir in complicated block area[J].Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):110-118.
[18]柳建新,李杰,杨俊.改进的小波分频重构算法在石油地震勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(6):2009-2014.Liu J X,Li J,Yang J.The application of modified Waveletfrequency division restructuring to petrol seismic survey dataprocessing[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(6):2009-2014.
[19]刘喜武,张宁,勾永峰,等.地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):743-753.Liu X W,Zhang N,Gou Y F,et al.The comparison andapplication of time-frequency analysis methods to seismicsignal[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(3):743-753.
[20]董文,符力耘,肖又军,等.库车坳陷高陡构造地震勘探复杂性定量分析[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(6):1600-1613.Dong W,Fu L Y,Xiao Y J,et al.Quantitative analysis ofthe complexity in seismic exploration of the high and steepstructures in Kuqa depression[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2011,54(6):1600-1613.
[21]陈文超,高静怀.基于改进的最佳匹配地震子波的地震资料衰减特性分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3):837-843.Chen W_C,Gao J_H.Characteristic analysis of seismicattenuation using MBMSW wavelets[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):837-843.
[22]岳文正,陶果.小波变换在识别储层流体性质中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6):863-869.Yue W Z,Tao G.A method for recognition of fluid propertyin reservoirs using wavelet transformation[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(6):863-869.
[23]王怀洪,王秀东,田育鑫.利用相干体技术探测煤矿微小构造方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1642-1649.Wang H H,Wang X D,Tian Y X.Study on the method toidentify minor structure of coal mines with the coherencetechnology[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1642-1649.
[2]Marfurt K J,Kirlin R L,Farmer S L,et al.3-D seismicattributes using a semblance-based coherency algorithm[J].Geophysics,1998,63(4):1150-1165.
[3]Gersztenkorn A,Marfurt K J.Eigenstructure-based coherencecomputations as an aid to 3-D structural and stratigraphicmapping[J].Geophysics,1999,64(5):1468-1479.
[4]A1-Dossary S,Simon Y,Marfurt K J.Inter azimuth coherenceattribute for fracture detection[J].SEG Technical ProgramExpanded Abstracts,2004,(5):183-186.
[5]叶增炉,何建军,林杰.基于小波变换相干体算法的实现及应用效果分析[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,33(5):528-531.Ye Z L,He J J,Lin J.Implementation of calculatingcoherence cube on the basis of wavelet transform and analysisof its applied results[J].Journal of Chengdu University ofTechnology(Science&Technology Edition)(in Chinese),2006,33(5):528-531.
[6]高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明,等.地震资料处理中小波函数的选取研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3):392-400.Gao J H,Wang W B,Zhu G M,et al.On the choice ofwavelet functions for seismic data processing[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(3):392-400.
[7]王西文,高静怀,李幼铭.高分辨地震资料处理中导数小波函数的构造[J].石油物探,2000,39(2):64-71,76.Wang X W,Gao J H,Li Y M.Construction of derivativewavelet function in high resolution seismic data processing[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2000,39(2):64-71,76.
[8]柏冠军,赵汝敏,杨松岭,等.优势频带相位分析技术在AA区块断层解释中的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(5):513-516.Bai G J,Zhao R M,Yang S L,et al.Application of dominantfrequency band phase analysis technique on the faultinterpretation in AA Block[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),2011,50(5):513-516.
[9]柏冠军,赵汝敏,杨松岭,等.地震曲率技术在地震资料解释中的应用[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(5):23-27.Bai G J,Zhao R M,Yang S L,et al.Seismic curvatureattributes and their application to seismic interpretation[J].Engineering Sciences(in Chinese),2011,13(5):23-27.
[10]王西文,苏明军,刘军迎,等.基于小波变换的地震相干体算法及其应用[J].石油物探,2002,41(3):334-338.Wang X W,Sun M J,Liu J Y,et al.Computation of seismiccoherence cube based on wavelet transform and its application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2002,41(3):334-338.
[11]柏冠军.三维地震资料微机管理及可视化解释系统研究与开发[D].西安:西北大学硕士学位论文,2006.Bai G J.Research and Development of 3D Seismic DataManagement and Visual Interpretation System Based on PC(in Chinese)[D].Xi’an:A Dissertation Submitted toNorthwest University for the Degree of Master ofEngineering,2006.
[12]张三宗,徐义贤.地震记录小波域高阶相关叠加技术[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):554-560.Zhang S_Z,Xu Y_X.Higher-order correlative stacking forseismic data in the wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):554-560.
[13]李丽,吕福亮,范国章,等.海洋深水水道地震综合解释技术研究——以南海北部陆坡区更新统深水水道为例[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(3):1020-1025.Li L,LüF L,Fan G Z,et al.Integrated seismicinterpretation of deep water channels in northern slope of theSouth China Sea[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2012,27(3):1020-1025.
[14]李美,赵玉华,刘静,等.苏里格气田地震资料叠前保幅去噪技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(2):680-687.Li M,Zhao Y H,Liu J,et al.Study of the amplitudepreserved denoising techology for prestack seismic data inSulige Gasfield[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2012,27(2):680-687.
[15]张春贺,乔德武,李世臻,等.复杂地区油气地球物理勘探技术集成[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(2):374-387.Zhang C H,Qiao D W,Li S Z,et al.Integration of oil andgas geophysical exploration technologies for geologicallycomplex areas[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(2):374-387.
[16]张进铎.地震解释技术现状及发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):578-587.Zhang J D.Present status and future trend of seismic datainterpretation techniques[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2006,21(2):578-587.
[17]韩国庆,穆龙新,郭凯,等.复杂断块砂砾岩油藏地震解释[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):110-118.Han G Q,Mu L X,Guo K,et al.Seismic interpretation ofthe glutenite reservoir in complicated block area[J].Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):110-118.
[18]柳建新,李杰,杨俊.改进的小波分频重构算法在石油地震勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(6):2009-2014.Liu J X,Li J,Yang J.The application of modified Waveletfrequency division restructuring to petrol seismic survey dataprocessing[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(6):2009-2014.
[19]刘喜武,张宁,勾永峰,等.地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):743-753.Liu X W,Zhang N,Gou Y F,et al.The comparison andapplication of time-frequency analysis methods to seismicsignal[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(3):743-753.
[20]董文,符力耘,肖又军,等.库车坳陷高陡构造地震勘探复杂性定量分析[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(6):1600-1613.Dong W,Fu L Y,Xiao Y J,et al.Quantitative analysis ofthe complexity in seismic exploration of the high and steepstructures in Kuqa depression[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2011,54(6):1600-1613.
[21]陈文超,高静怀.基于改进的最佳匹配地震子波的地震资料衰减特性分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3):837-843.Chen W_C,Gao J_H.Characteristic analysis of seismicattenuation using MBMSW wavelets[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):837-843.
[22]岳文正,陶果.小波变换在识别储层流体性质中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6):863-869.Yue W Z,Tao G.A method for recognition of fluid propertyin reservoirs using wavelet transformation[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(6):863-869.
[23]王怀洪,王秀东,田育鑫.利用相干体技术探测煤矿微小构造方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1642-1649.Wang H H,Wang X D,Tian Y X.Study on the method toidentify minor structure of coal mines with the coherencetechnology[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1642-1649.
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