倾角导向体控制的气烟囱识别技术及其在海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷中的应用
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摘要
在调研了国内外气烟囱研究成果与思路的基础上,通过全新的地震解决方案——OpendTect平台提供的基于属性多层感知器(MLP)的人工神经网络(ANN)的方法预测气烟囱的发生概率体,并利用倾角导向体对算法进行改进,提出倾角控制下的地震气烟囱识别技术,很好地补充并发展了模式识别技术在地震勘探领域的应用。通常该技术一方面可以解释运移通道和浅层气成藏的原因;另一方面,形成的气烟囱地震数据体还可以预测源岩的发育情况;此外,对于判别断层封闭性也非常适用。最后应用这一技术对海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷一含油区块的运移通道和成藏规律进行研究,分析该研究区的断裂发育特征和运移通道类型,总结了油源、通道、储层和盖层的空间配置关系,并建立相应的成藏模式。
The gas chimney is a special associated structure formed by the hot fluid flow in the sedimentary basin.As a specific channel for oil and gas migration,the gas chimney is a direct evidence for the existence of shallow reservoirs,and it can also influence hydrocarbon accumulation.These days,many scholars have paid attention to gas chimneys.Based on the research results and thoughts about gas chimneys home and abroad,through the artificial neural network(ANN) which is based on multi-layer perceptron and provided by the brand new seismic solution,i.e.OpendTect,this paper predicts the probability of occurrence for gas chimney,improves the algorithm by using dip steering,presents and applies seismic chimney detection technology based on dip steering.The application of pattern recognition technology in seismic exploration field has been well supplemented and developed.Generally,the 3D seismic chimney detection technology can not only interpret the migration pathway and reason of shallow gas accumulation,but also forecast the development of source rocks.In addition,it is also applicable for distinguishing fault sealing.At last,this process was applied to research the migration pathway and accumulation rules of an oil-bearing block in Buir Sag of Hailar Basin,and the fracture characteristics and types of migration pathways were put forward,then the special configuration relations of oil source,pathway,reservoir and cap rock were summarized,and the corresponding accumulation mode was established.
The gas chimney is a special associated structure formed by the hot fluid flow in the sedimentary basin.As a specific channel for oil and gas migration,the gas chimney is a direct evidence for the existence of shallow reservoirs,and it can also influence hydrocarbon accumulation.These days,many scholars have paid attention to gas chimneys.Based on the research results and thoughts about gas chimneys home and abroad,through the artificial neural network(ANN) which is based on multi-layer perceptron and provided by the brand new seismic solution,i.e.OpendTect,this paper predicts the probability of occurrence for gas chimney,improves the algorithm by using dip steering,presents and applies seismic chimney detection technology based on dip steering.The application of pattern recognition technology in seismic exploration field has been well supplemented and developed.Generally,the 3D seismic chimney detection technology can not only interpret the migration pathway and reason of shallow gas accumulation,but also forecast the development of source rocks.In addition,it is also applicable for distinguishing fault sealing.At last,this process was applied to research the migration pathway and accumulation rules of an oil-bearing block in Buir Sag of Hailar Basin,and the fracture characteristics and types of migration pathways were put forward,then the special configuration relations of oil source,pathway,reservoir and cap rock were summarized,and the corresponding accumulation mode was established.
引文
[1]曾溅辉,孙占强,郭凯,等.东营凹陷胜北断裂带沙二段油气运移特征和运移模式[J].现代地质,2011,25(6):1131-1136.
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[5]吕延防.天然气的加速式二次运移过程研究[J].现代地质,2008,22(4):576-579.
[6]吴时国,龚跃华,米立军.南海北部深水盆地油气渗漏系统及天然气水合物成藏机制研究[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):433-440.
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[8]栾锡武,岳保静,Obzhirov A.浅表层天然气水合物区的海底地形特征——以鄂霍次克海为例[J].现代地质,2008,22(3):420-429.
[9]Tingdahl K M,Bril A H,Groot P F.Improving seismic chimneydetection using directional attributes[J].Journal of Petroleumand Engineering,2001,29:205-211.
[10]Aminzadeh F,Connolly D,Groot P F.Interpretation of gaschimney volumes[M]//SEG.SEG 72nd Annual Meeting,Technical Program Expanded Abstracts.Salt Lake City:SEG,2002:440-443.
[11]Heggland R.Gas seepage as an indicator of deeper prospectivereservoirs:study based on exploration 3D seismic data[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1998,15:1-9.
[12]张为民,李继亮,钟嘉猷,等.气烟囱的形成机理及其与油气的关系探讨[J].地质科学,2000,35(4):449-455.
[13]Arntsen B,Wensaas L,Loseth H,et al.Seismic modeling ofgas chimneys[J].Geophysics,2007,72(5):251-259.
[14]刘殊,范菊芬,曲国胜,等.气烟囱效应——礁滩相岩性气藏的典型地震响应特征[J].天然气工业,2006,26(11):52-55.
[15]李纯泉.莺歌海盆地流体底辟构造及其对天然气成藏的贡献[J].中国海上油气(地质),2000,14(4):253-257.
[16]梁全胜,刘震,常迈,等.柴达木盆地三湖坳陷浅层生物气成藏模式分析[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,20(3):36-39,52.
[17]王秀娟,吴时国,董冬冬,等.琼东南盆地气烟囱构造特点及其与天然气水合物的关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(3):103-108.
[18]Heggland R.Detection of gas migration from a deep source by theuse of exploration 3D seismic data[J].Marine Geology,1997,137:41-47.
[19]Ligtenberg J H.Unraveling the petroleum system by enhancingfluid migration paths in seismic data using a neural network basedpattern recognition technique[J].Geofluids,2003,3:255-261.
[20]Hashemi H,Tax D M J,Duin R P W,et al.Gas chimney de-tection based on improving the performance of combined multilay-er perceptron and support vector classifier[J].NonlinearProcesses in Geophysics,2008:15:863-871.
[21]Meldahl P,Heggland R,Bril B,et al.The chimney cube,anexample of semi-automated detection of seismic objects by direc-tive attributes and neural networks[M]//SEG.SEG 69th An-nual Meeting,Expanded Abstracts.Houston:SEG,1999:931-934.
[22]Walraven D,Aminzadeh F.Predicting seal risk and charge ca-pacity using chimney processing:Three Gulf of Mexico case his-tories[M]//SEG.SEG 74th Annual Meeting,Expanded Ab-stracts.Denver:SEG,2004:429-432.
[23]Simoncelli M,Huang Z.To remove gas cloud effects by usingPSDM in Qaidam Basin,northwest China[J].Petroleum Ex-ploration and Development,2003,20(2):115-118.
[24]Ligtenberg J H,Connolly D.Chimney detection and interpreta-tion-revealing sealing quality of faults,geohazards,charge of andleakage from reservoirs[J].Journal of Geochemical Explora-tion,2003,78:385-387.
[2]高先志,李建海,邹志文,等.断裂对辽河西部凹陷大洼油田油气成藏和分布的控制作用[J].现代地质,2008,22(4):613-618.
[3]刘见宝,夏斌,吕宝凤,等.反转构造与其易混淆构造的对比分析[J].现代地质,2010,24(4):744-748.
[4]单俊峰,陈振岩,张卓,等.辽河坳陷西部凹陷西斜坡古潜山的油气运移条件[J].现代地质,2005,19(2):274-278.
[5]吕延防.天然气的加速式二次运移过程研究[J].现代地质,2008,22(4):576-579.
[6]吴时国,龚跃华,米立军.南海北部深水盆地油气渗漏系统及天然气水合物成藏机制研究[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):433-440.
[7]龚跃华,杨胜雄,王宏斌.南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物成藏特征[J].现代地质,2009,23(2):210-216.
[8]栾锡武,岳保静,Obzhirov A.浅表层天然气水合物区的海底地形特征——以鄂霍次克海为例[J].现代地质,2008,22(3):420-429.
[9]Tingdahl K M,Bril A H,Groot P F.Improving seismic chimneydetection using directional attributes[J].Journal of Petroleumand Engineering,2001,29:205-211.
[10]Aminzadeh F,Connolly D,Groot P F.Interpretation of gaschimney volumes[M]//SEG.SEG 72nd Annual Meeting,Technical Program Expanded Abstracts.Salt Lake City:SEG,2002:440-443.
[11]Heggland R.Gas seepage as an indicator of deeper prospectivereservoirs:study based on exploration 3D seismic data[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1998,15:1-9.
[12]张为民,李继亮,钟嘉猷,等.气烟囱的形成机理及其与油气的关系探讨[J].地质科学,2000,35(4):449-455.
[13]Arntsen B,Wensaas L,Loseth H,et al.Seismic modeling ofgas chimneys[J].Geophysics,2007,72(5):251-259.
[14]刘殊,范菊芬,曲国胜,等.气烟囱效应——礁滩相岩性气藏的典型地震响应特征[J].天然气工业,2006,26(11):52-55.
[15]李纯泉.莺歌海盆地流体底辟构造及其对天然气成藏的贡献[J].中国海上油气(地质),2000,14(4):253-257.
[16]梁全胜,刘震,常迈,等.柴达木盆地三湖坳陷浅层生物气成藏模式分析[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,20(3):36-39,52.
[17]王秀娟,吴时国,董冬冬,等.琼东南盆地气烟囱构造特点及其与天然气水合物的关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(3):103-108.
[18]Heggland R.Detection of gas migration from a deep source by theuse of exploration 3D seismic data[J].Marine Geology,1997,137:41-47.
[19]Ligtenberg J H.Unraveling the petroleum system by enhancingfluid migration paths in seismic data using a neural network basedpattern recognition technique[J].Geofluids,2003,3:255-261.
[20]Hashemi H,Tax D M J,Duin R P W,et al.Gas chimney de-tection based on improving the performance of combined multilay-er perceptron and support vector classifier[J].NonlinearProcesses in Geophysics,2008:15:863-871.
[21]Meldahl P,Heggland R,Bril B,et al.The chimney cube,anexample of semi-automated detection of seismic objects by direc-tive attributes and neural networks[M]//SEG.SEG 69th An-nual Meeting,Expanded Abstracts.Houston:SEG,1999:931-934.
[22]Walraven D,Aminzadeh F.Predicting seal risk and charge ca-pacity using chimney processing:Three Gulf of Mexico case his-tories[M]//SEG.SEG 74th Annual Meeting,Expanded Ab-stracts.Denver:SEG,2004:429-432.
[23]Simoncelli M,Huang Z.To remove gas cloud effects by usingPSDM in Qaidam Basin,northwest China[J].Petroleum Ex-ploration and Development,2003,20(2):115-118.
[24]Ligtenberg J H,Connolly D.Chimney detection and interpreta-tion-revealing sealing quality of faults,geohazards,charge of andleakage from reservoirs[J].Journal of Geochemical Explora-tion,2003,78:385-387.
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