关于震源附近流体、热和能量分配问题的研究进展
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摘要
作为地震学的基本问题,地震发生过程中震源附近流体、热与能量的分配问题一直是地震学家关注的前沿课题。目前,越来越多的研究表明震源附近存在流体,且流体在地震的孕育、发生过程中起重要作用,但对深部流体的来源尚存较大争议。对于震源区的热问题,自应力热流佯谬提出以来,不同的模型被用于解释热流佯谬相关问题,其中动态弱化被认为可能是解决热流佯谬的关键。摩擦产生的热能与能量分配问题直接相关,大地震发生后,立即进行深钻现场测量对认识地震发生过程中震源附近的流体、摩擦热能及能量分配问题具有时效性和重要现实意义。本文回顾了国际上有关震源附近流体、热及能量分配问题的最新研究进展,这些问题的研究将对认识地震的孕育和发生过程带来重要启示。
As a basic problem in seismology,fluid,heat and energy distribution near earthquake source during earthquake generation has been a leading subject of concern to seismologists.Currently,more and more research shows that there is fluid around earthquake source area and fluid plays an important role in the process of earthquake preparation and generation.But there is considerable controversy about the source of fluid in the deep crust.About the problem of heat around earthquake source area,different models have been proposed to explain related issues since the proposal of heat flow paradox.Among the different models,dynamic weakening model has been thought to be the key to solve the issue of heat flow paradox.After large earthquakes,energy distribution is directly related to friction heat.It is of timely and important practical significance that immediate deep drilling site survey be done for the understanding of fluid,friction heat and energy distribution during earthquake generation.The latest international progress about fluid,heat and energy distribution has been reviewed in this paper with a hope to bring important inspiration for the understanding of earthquake preparation and occurrence.
As a basic problem in seismology,fluid,heat and energy distribution near earthquake source during earthquake generation has been a leading subject of concern to seismologists.Currently,more and more research shows that there is fluid around earthquake source area and fluid plays an important role in the process of earthquake preparation and generation.But there is considerable controversy about the source of fluid in the deep crust.About the problem of heat around earthquake source area,different models have been proposed to explain related issues since the proposal of heat flow paradox.Among the different models,dynamic weakening model has been thought to be the key to solve the issue of heat flow paradox.After large earthquakes,energy distribution is directly related to friction heat.It is of timely and important practical significance that immediate deep drilling site survey be done for the understanding of fluid,friction heat and energy distribution during earthquake generation.The latest international progress about fluid,heat and energy distribution has been reviewed in this paper with a hope to bring important inspiration for the understanding of earthquake preparation and occurrence.
引文
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Hickman S and Zoback M,2004,Stress orientations and magnitudes in the SAFOD pilot hole,Geophys Res Lett,31(15),1～4.
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Ji C,Helmberger D V,Wald D J et al,2003,Slip history and dynamic implications of the1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake,J Geophys Res,108(B9),2412.
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Kano Y,Mori J,Ito H et al,2006,Heat signature on the Chelungpu fault associated with the1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan earthquake,Geophys Res Lett,33(14),1～4.
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Katsube T J and Mareschal M,1993,Petrophysical Model of Deep Electrical Conductors:Graphite Lining as a Source and ItsDisconnection Due to Uplift,J Geophys Res,98(B5),8019～8030.
Kennedy B M et al,1997,Mantle Fluids in the San Andreas Fault System,California,Science,278(5341),1278～1281.
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