优化岩石物理模型以提高横波速度预测精度
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摘要
横波速度对于地震资料的AVO(振幅随偏移距的变化)分析、地震叠前反演、流体识别等具有重要意义。然而实际测井数据中横波速度信息缺乏,因此横波速度预测已成为岩石物理研究的重要内容之一。首先针对碳酸盐岩的特殊性,将其孔隙分成3大类:硬孔隙、与黏土有关的孔隙、软孔隙(即裂隙孔隙);其次在DEM-Gassmann岩石物理模型基础上利用模拟退火优化方法引入虚拟裂隙孔隙度,弥补因岩石弹性参数、物性参数不准带入的误差;最后将该方法应用于实际测井资料的横波速度预测中。预测结果表明,横波预测精度相对未进行优化的预测结果有较大的提高,说明该方法是行之有效的,具有较强的实用性。
S-wave velocity was of great significance for seismic AVO analysis , prestack seismic inversion and fluid identification.However , S-wave velocity data were lacking in actual logging data , therefore shear velocity prediction has become one of important research contents of rock physics.In consideration of the characteristics of carbonate rocks , their pores types were divided into 3categories , such as stiff pores , clay-related pores and soft pores ( fracture pores ), then based on DEM-Gassmann rock physical model , simulated annealing method was used to optimize the results by introducing virtual fracture porosity to make up for the errors induced by rock elastic parameters and physical parameters inaccuracy.Finally the method is used to predict the actual shear wave velocity , the results show that the predicted shear velocitys accuracy which is optimized has much greater improvement than the one which is not optimized , so it demonstrates that this method is effective with strong practicability.
S-wave velocity was of great significance for seismic AVO analysis , prestack seismic inversion and fluid identification.However , S-wave velocity data were lacking in actual logging data , therefore shear velocity prediction has become one of important research contents of rock physics.In consideration of the characteristics of carbonate rocks , their pores types were divided into 3categories , such as stiff pores , clay-related pores and soft pores ( fracture pores ), then based on DEM-Gassmann rock physical model , simulated annealing method was used to optimize the results by introducing virtual fracture porosity to make up for the errors induced by rock elastic parameters and physical parameters inaccuracy.Finally the method is used to predict the actual shear wave velocity , the results show that the predicted shear velocitys accuracy which is optimized has much greater improvement than the one which is not optimized , so it demonstrates that this method is effective with strong practicability.
引文
[1]刘晓鹏,欧阳诚,彭宇,等.岩石物理参数分析在苏59区块的应用[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(4):80～84.
[2]侯波,陈小宏,张肖珍,等.基于近似流体替代的快速无迭代横波速度预测方法[J].科技导报,2011,29(31):34～37.
[3]Castagna J P,Batzle M L,Eastwood R L.Relationships between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks[J].Geophysics,1985,50(4):571～581.
[4]Castagna J P,Backus M.Offset-dependent reflectivity:The theory and practice of AVO analysis[M].Tulsa:Investigations in Geo-physics,1993.
[5]Han D,Nur A,Morgan D.Effect of porosity and clay content on wave velocity in sandstones[J].Geophysics,1986,51(11):2093～2107.
[6]Xu S,White R E.A new velocity model for clay-sand mixtures[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1995,43(1):91～118.
[7]Xu S Y,Michael A P.Modeling elastic properties in carbonates rocks[J].The Leading Edge,2009,28(1):66～74.
[8]Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.The rock physics handbook:tools for seismic analysis in porous media[M].Cambridge:Cam-bridge University Press,1998.106～132.
[9]周中彪.基于岩石物理模型的测井约束横波速度计算方法研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2010,32(5):536～541.
[10]刘全新,方光建.利用模拟退火算法实现地震叠前反演[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):87～92.
[11]崔立杰,何幼斌,王锦喜,等.基于层面的地震曲率属性在碳酸盐岩断裂预测中的应——以塔里木盆地塔北某区块为例[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(1):92～96.
[12]先伟,吴伟航,李小刚,等.双侧向测井裂缝参数解释在伊朗Aran油田的应用[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(3):89～94.
[13]陈胜,章成广,范姗姗.双侧向幅度差异评价裂缝参数在油田中应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2012,99(1):114～118.
[2]侯波,陈小宏,张肖珍,等.基于近似流体替代的快速无迭代横波速度预测方法[J].科技导报,2011,29(31):34～37.
[3]Castagna J P,Batzle M L,Eastwood R L.Relationships between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks[J].Geophysics,1985,50(4):571～581.
[4]Castagna J P,Backus M.Offset-dependent reflectivity:The theory and practice of AVO analysis[M].Tulsa:Investigations in Geo-physics,1993.
[5]Han D,Nur A,Morgan D.Effect of porosity and clay content on wave velocity in sandstones[J].Geophysics,1986,51(11):2093～2107.
[6]Xu S,White R E.A new velocity model for clay-sand mixtures[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1995,43(1):91～118.
[7]Xu S Y,Michael A P.Modeling elastic properties in carbonates rocks[J].The Leading Edge,2009,28(1):66～74.
[8]Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.The rock physics handbook:tools for seismic analysis in porous media[M].Cambridge:Cam-bridge University Press,1998.106～132.
[9]周中彪.基于岩石物理模型的测井约束横波速度计算方法研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2010,32(5):536～541.
[10]刘全新,方光建.利用模拟退火算法实现地震叠前反演[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):87～92.
[11]崔立杰,何幼斌,王锦喜,等.基于层面的地震曲率属性在碳酸盐岩断裂预测中的应——以塔里木盆地塔北某区块为例[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(1):92～96.
[12]先伟,吴伟航,李小刚,等.双侧向测井裂缝参数解释在伊朗Aran油田的应用[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(3):89～94.
[13]陈胜,章成广,范姗姗.双侧向幅度差异评价裂缝参数在油田中应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2012,99(1):114～118.
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