库水渗流与荷载对水库地震形成的影响分析
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摘要
文中从库区水文地质结构及库水重力对库区附近断层库仑应力的影响出发分别进行讨论,得出以下结论:1)当蓄水区域存在碳酸盐岩地层,且岩体存在较大、较深的饱和或非饱和溶洞、矿洞时,该洞穴被库水淹没后,容易形成快速响应型地震。2)通过数值计算可知,库水重力对库区附近断层库仑应力的影响,与区域背景应力场、断层产状及断层与水库的相对位置有关。当水库位于断层下降盘,且断层倾角较大时,对断层失稳有显著的促进作用。此时,正倾滑断层局部与逆倾滑断层整体易出现库仑应力值增加。具有相似地表出露环境与产状的正倾滑断层库仑应力最大正增量大于逆倾滑断层库仑应力最大正增量。摩擦系数为0.6时,重力引起的断层库仑应力的最大正增量约为饱和溶洞内孔隙压力影响值的1/4。孔隙压力的作用更值得重视。
So far,although many reservoirs have been built,few of them have triggered seismicity.In order to study the mechanism of triggered seismicity so as to provide useful reference data for site selection of dams,we analyze the effects of hydro-geological structures and gravity loads in reservoir areas,and draw some conclusions:1)Rapid-response type seismicity may occur when there are some abandoned mines or karst caves;2)Based on the results of numerical calculation,Coulomb stress on different faults changes differently when the gravity load of the reservoir increases or decreases.The calculation results change with the stress field,the fault parameters and the relative position of the fault and reservoir.When the reservoir is on the down-thrown block and the fault dip is large,the fault may be more unstable because of the gravity load.In this case,Coulomb stress may increase locally on normal dip-slip faults,but on whole reverse dip-slip fault.Under the same fault occurrences,the Coulomb stress change of a normal dip-slip fault is larger than that of the reverse dip-slip fault.When the coefficient of friction is 0.6,the quantity of Coulomb stress change induced by gravity load is about 1/4 as much as that induced by pore water pressure in the fracture of the saturated karst cave.So,more attention should be paid to pore water pressure in the fracture.
So far,although many reservoirs have been built,few of them have triggered seismicity.In order to study the mechanism of triggered seismicity so as to provide useful reference data for site selection of dams,we analyze the effects of hydro-geological structures and gravity loads in reservoir areas,and draw some conclusions:1)Rapid-response type seismicity may occur when there are some abandoned mines or karst caves;2)Based on the results of numerical calculation,Coulomb stress on different faults changes differently when the gravity load of the reservoir increases or decreases.The calculation results change with the stress field,the fault parameters and the relative position of the fault and reservoir.When the reservoir is on the down-thrown block and the fault dip is large,the fault may be more unstable because of the gravity load.In this case,Coulomb stress may increase locally on normal dip-slip faults,but on whole reverse dip-slip fault.Under the same fault occurrences,the Coulomb stress change of a normal dip-slip fault is larger than that of the reverse dip-slip fault.When the coefficient of friction is 0.6,the quantity of Coulomb stress change induced by gravity load is about 1/4 as much as that induced by pore water pressure in the fracture of the saturated karst cave.So,more attention should be paid to pore water pressure in the fracture.
引文
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