渭河盆地及邻区地壳深部结构特征研究
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摘要
利用穿越区域南段为秦岭褶皱带山区,中段为渭河断陷盆地,北段为鄂尔多斯地台南缘的宽角反射/折射地震测深剖面所获得的资料对该区地壳结构进行研究.结果表明:该区地壳呈明显的分层、分区结构;上下地壳的分界是由壳内反射波较为连续可靠的P2以及P3所确定的.鄂尔多斯地台是本区M界面最深的地区,地壳厚度大,达42km左右,结构相对简单,结晶基底浅.秦岭褶皱带的地壳厚度约37～38km,结晶基底浅,甚至出露.渭河断陷盆地莫霍界面相对两侧明显且不对称的上隆,地壳结构复杂;而莫霍界面相对鄂尔多斯地块突变隆起和上地幔高速物质侵入于下地壳,是该区发生中强地震的深部构造背景.
The crustal structure was investigated with Deep Seismic Sounding(DSS) data obtained from wide angle reflection/refraction profiles crossing the region;its southern section is Qin-ling fold zone,the middle is Weihe rift basin,and the northern section is the southern margin of the Ordos platform.The results showed that the crust has obviously layered and laterally varying structures;the boundary between upper and lower crust is reliably determined by the relatively continuous reflection wave,P2 and P3 in the crust.The M interface of Ordos platform is the deepest in the region;the crustal thickness is up to 42 km or so and the crustal structure is relatively simple with shallow crystalline basement.The crustal thickness of Qinling Fold Belt is about 37～38 km,with shallow or even exposed crystalline basement.The Moho interface under Weihe fault basin is significantly and asymmetrically uplifted relative to both sides,and the crustal structure is complex;the abrupt Moho uplift relative to the Ordos block and the intrusion of high-speed material of the upper mantle into the lower crust are the deep tectonic background of occurrence of strong earthquakes in the area.
The crustal structure was investigated with Deep Seismic Sounding(DSS) data obtained from wide angle reflection/refraction profiles crossing the region;its southern section is Qin-ling fold zone,the middle is Weihe rift basin,and the northern section is the southern margin of the Ordos platform.The results showed that the crust has obviously layered and laterally varying structures;the boundary between upper and lower crust is reliably determined by the relatively continuous reflection wave,P2 and P3 in the crust.The M interface of Ordos platform is the deepest in the region;the crustal thickness is up to 42 km or so and the crustal structure is relatively simple with shallow crystalline basement.The crustal thickness of Qinling Fold Belt is about 37～38 km,with shallow or even exposed crystalline basement.The Moho interface under Weihe fault basin is significantly and asymmetrically uplifted relative to both sides,and the crustal structure is complex;the abrupt Moho uplift relative to the Ordos block and the intrusion of high-speed material of the upper mantle into the lower crust are the deep tectonic background of occurrence of strong earthquakes in the area.
引文
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[18]滕吉文,熊绍柏,尹周勋等.喜马拉雅山北部地区的地壳结构模型和速度分布特征.地球物理学报,1983,26(6):525-540.Teng J W,Xiong S B,Yin Z X,et al.Structure of the crustand upper mantle pattern and velocity distributionalcharacteristics at Northern Region of the HimalayanMountains.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1983,26(6):525-540.
[19]王椿镛,楼海,吕智勇等.青藏高原东部地壳上地幔S波速度结构—下地壳流的深部环境.中国科学(D辑),2008,38(1):22-32.Wang C Y,Lou H,LüZ Y,et al.S wave velocity structureof crust and upper mantle in eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau:the deep environment of lower crust flow.Science in ChinaSeries D(in Chinese),2008,38(1):22-32.
[20]任隽,朱元清,秦浩文.上海地震台阵标定及结果分析.西北地震学报,2002,24(4):325-329.Ren J,Zhu Y Q,Qin H W.Result analysis and calibrationfor Shanghai array.Northwestern Seismological Journal(inChinese),2002,24(4):325-329.
[21]王夫运,张先康,陈棋福等.北京地区上地壳三维细结构层析成像.地球物理学报,2005,48(2):359-366.Wang F Y,Zhang X K,Chen Q F,et al.Fine tomographicinversion of the upper crust 3-D structure around Beijing.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):359-366.
[22]张先康,嘉世旭,赵金仁等.西秦岭—东昆仑及邻近地区地壳结构—深地震宽角反射/折射剖面结果.地球物理学报,2008,51(2):439-450.Zhang X K,Jia S X,Zhao J R,et al.Crustal structuresbeneath west Qinling-east Kunlun orogen and its adjacentarea-results of wide-angle seismic feflection and fefractionexperiment.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(2):439-450.
[23]张中杰,秦义龙,陈赟等.由宽角反射地震资料重建壳幔反射结构的相似性剖面.地球物理学报,2004,47(3):469-474.Zhang Z J,Qin Y L,Chen Y,et al.Reconstruction of thesemblance section for the crust and mantle reflection structureby wide-angle reflection seismic data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(3):469-474.
[24]Zhang Z J,Yang L Q,Teng J W,et al.An overview of theearth under China.Earth-Science Reviews,2011,104:144-166.
[25]邓起东,陈立春,冉勇康.活动构造定量研究与应用.地学前缘,2004,11(4):383-392.Deng Q D,Chen L C,Ran Y K.Quantitative studies andapplications of active tectonics.EarthScienceFrontiers(inChinese),2004,11(4):383-392.
[26]张培震,邓起东,张国民等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):12-20.Zhang P Z,Deng Q D,Zhang G M,et al.Strong earthquakeactivity and active block in China′s mainland.Science inChina Series D(in Chinese),2003,33(Suppl):12-20.
[27]姚琪,徐锡伟,邢会林等.青藏高原东缘变形机制的讨论:来自数值模拟结果的限定.地球物理学报,2012,55(3):863-875.Yao Q,Xu X W,Xing H L,et al.Deformation mechanismof the eastern Tibetan plateau:Insights from numericalmodels.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(3):863-875.
[28]Zhang P Z,Shen Z K,Wang M,et al.Continuousdeformationofthe Tibetan Plateaufrom globalpositioningsystemdata.Geology,2004,32(9):809-812.
[29]Shen Z K,LüJ N,Wang M,et al.Contemporary crustaldeformation around the southeast border land of the TibetanPlateau.J.Geophys.Res.,2005,110:B11409.
[30]Ran Y K,Chen L C,Chen J,et al.Paleoseismic evidenceand repeat time of large earthquakes at three sites along theLongmenshan fault zone.Tectonophysics,2010,491(1-4):141-153.
[31]环文林,时振梁,李世勋.对1556年81/4级大地震震中位置和发震构造的新认识.中国地震,2003,19(1):20-32.Huan W L,Shi Z L,Li S X.The new recognizes forepicenter location and seismogenic structure of 1556 M81/4Large Earthquake.Earthquake Research in China(inChinese),2003,19(1):20-32.
[32]王椿镛,张先康,吴庆举等.华北盆地滑脱构造的地震学证据.地球物理学报,1994,37(5):613-620.Wang C Y,Zhang X K,Wu Q J,et al.Seismic evidence ofdetachment in North China Basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1994,37(5):613-620.
[33]高锐,史大年,李秋生等.青藏高原北缘碰撞变形的深部过程—深地震探测成果之启示.中国科学:D辑,2001,31(S1):66-71.Gao R,Shi D N,Li Q S,et al.Deep process of the collisionand deformation in northern Tibetan plateau-implicationsfrom deep seismic sounding results.Science in China(Ser D)(in Chinese),2001,31(S1):66-71.
[2]杨巍然,孙继源,Mats V D等.大陆裂谷对比.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1995.Yang W R,Sun J Y,Mats V D,et al.Comparison forContienetal Rifts(in Chinese).Wuhan:China University ofGeosciences Press,1995.
[3]国家地震局“鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系”课题组.鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系.北京:地震出版社,1988:114-136.The Research Group on Active Fault System around OrdosMassif,State Seismological Bureau.Active Fault Systemaround Ordos Massif(in Chinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1988:114-136.
[4]韩恒悦,张毅,袁志祥.渭河断陷盆地带的形成演化及断块运动.地震研究,2002,25(4):363-368.Han H Y,Zhang Y,Yuan Z X.The evolution of Weihedown-faulted basin and the movement of the fault blocks.Journal of Seismological Research(in Chinese),2002,25(4):363-368.
[5]张国伟,张本仁,袁学诚等.秦岭造山带与大陆动力学.北京:科学出版社,2001.Zhang G W,Zhang B R,Yuan X C,et al.Qin-Ling OrogenicBelt and Continental Dynamics(in Chinese).Beijing:SciencePress,2001.
[6]严阵.渭河谷地第四纪旋转大断裂.第四纪研究,1965,4(2):117-118.Yan Z.Quaternary big rotatory fault in Weihe valley.Quaternaria Sinica(in Chinese),1965,4(2):117-118.
[7]李永善.西安地裂及渭河盆地活断层研究.北京:地震出版社,1992:152-168.Li Y S.Research on Ground Fissures in Xi′an Region andActive Faults in Weihe Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1992:152-168.
[8]张少泉,武利均,郭建明等.中国西部地区门源—平凉—渭南地震测深剖面资料的分析解释.地球物理学报,1985,28(5):460-472.Zhang S Q,Wu L J,Guo J M,et al.An interpretation of thedss data on Menyuan-Pingling-Weinan profile in west China.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1985,28(5):460-472.
[9]丁韫玉,狄秀玲,袁志祥等.渭河断陷地壳三维S波速度结构和VP/VS分布图像,地球物理学报,2000,43(2):194-202.Ding Y Y,Di X L,Yuan Z X,et al.Three-dimensional shearwave velocity structure and distribution image of VP/VSbeneath the Weihe fault depression.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),2000,43(2):194-202.
[10]彭建兵,张骏,苏生瑞等.渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害.西安:西北大学出版社,1992.Peng J B,Zhang J,Su S R,et al.Active Fault andGeological Disaster of Weihe Basin(in Chinese).Xi′an:Northwest University Press,1992.
[11]冯希杰.渭河断裂古水断层剖面.地震地质,2000,22(2):209-230.Feng X J.Gushui fault profile on the Weihe fault.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2000,22(2):209-230.
[12]邓起东.城市活动断裂探测和地震危险性评价问题.地震地质,2002,24(2):601-605.Deng Q D.Exploration and seismic hazard assessment ofactive faults in urban areas.Seismology and Geology(inChinese),2002,24(2):601-605.
[13]渥伊尔马兹著.地震数据处理.黄旭德,袁明德译.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.Yilmaz O.Seismic Data Processing(in Chinese),Translatedby Huang X D,Yuan M D,Trans.Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1994.
[14]Micheal B,Hirn A.Velocity-depth estimation from wideangle seismic reflection arrivals.Annals de Geophysique,1980,36(1):107-118.
[15]Cerveny V,Psencik I.SEIS83-numerical modeling of seismicwavefield in 2-D laterally varying layered structures by theray method.//Engdahl E R ed.Documentation ofEarthquake Algorithm.Boulder Colo Rep:World DataCenter for Solid Earth Geophysical,SE-35,1984:36-40.
[16]Zeng R S,Ding Z F,Wu Q J.The crustal structure fromHimalaya to Qilian and its implication to the continentalcollision process.Chinese J.Geophys.,1998,41(1):49-60.
[17]Sandmeier K J and Wenzel F.Synthetic seismograms for acomplex crustal model.Geophysics Research Letters,1986,13(1):22-25.
[18]滕吉文,熊绍柏,尹周勋等.喜马拉雅山北部地区的地壳结构模型和速度分布特征.地球物理学报,1983,26(6):525-540.Teng J W,Xiong S B,Yin Z X,et al.Structure of the crustand upper mantle pattern and velocity distributionalcharacteristics at Northern Region of the HimalayanMountains.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1983,26(6):525-540.
[19]王椿镛,楼海,吕智勇等.青藏高原东部地壳上地幔S波速度结构—下地壳流的深部环境.中国科学(D辑),2008,38(1):22-32.Wang C Y,Lou H,LüZ Y,et al.S wave velocity structureof crust and upper mantle in eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau:the deep environment of lower crust flow.Science in ChinaSeries D(in Chinese),2008,38(1):22-32.
[20]任隽,朱元清,秦浩文.上海地震台阵标定及结果分析.西北地震学报,2002,24(4):325-329.Ren J,Zhu Y Q,Qin H W.Result analysis and calibrationfor Shanghai array.Northwestern Seismological Journal(inChinese),2002,24(4):325-329.
[21]王夫运,张先康,陈棋福等.北京地区上地壳三维细结构层析成像.地球物理学报,2005,48(2):359-366.Wang F Y,Zhang X K,Chen Q F,et al.Fine tomographicinversion of the upper crust 3-D structure around Beijing.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):359-366.
[22]张先康,嘉世旭,赵金仁等.西秦岭—东昆仑及邻近地区地壳结构—深地震宽角反射/折射剖面结果.地球物理学报,2008,51(2):439-450.Zhang X K,Jia S X,Zhao J R,et al.Crustal structuresbeneath west Qinling-east Kunlun orogen and its adjacentarea-results of wide-angle seismic feflection and fefractionexperiment.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(2):439-450.
[23]张中杰,秦义龙,陈赟等.由宽角反射地震资料重建壳幔反射结构的相似性剖面.地球物理学报,2004,47(3):469-474.Zhang Z J,Qin Y L,Chen Y,et al.Reconstruction of thesemblance section for the crust and mantle reflection structureby wide-angle reflection seismic data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(3):469-474.
[24]Zhang Z J,Yang L Q,Teng J W,et al.An overview of theearth under China.Earth-Science Reviews,2011,104:144-166.
[25]邓起东,陈立春,冉勇康.活动构造定量研究与应用.地学前缘,2004,11(4):383-392.Deng Q D,Chen L C,Ran Y K.Quantitative studies andapplications of active tectonics.EarthScienceFrontiers(inChinese),2004,11(4):383-392.
[26]张培震,邓起东,张国民等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):12-20.Zhang P Z,Deng Q D,Zhang G M,et al.Strong earthquakeactivity and active block in China′s mainland.Science inChina Series D(in Chinese),2003,33(Suppl):12-20.
[27]姚琪,徐锡伟,邢会林等.青藏高原东缘变形机制的讨论:来自数值模拟结果的限定.地球物理学报,2012,55(3):863-875.Yao Q,Xu X W,Xing H L,et al.Deformation mechanismof the eastern Tibetan plateau:Insights from numericalmodels.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(3):863-875.
[28]Zhang P Z,Shen Z K,Wang M,et al.Continuousdeformationofthe Tibetan Plateaufrom globalpositioningsystemdata.Geology,2004,32(9):809-812.
[29]Shen Z K,LüJ N,Wang M,et al.Contemporary crustaldeformation around the southeast border land of the TibetanPlateau.J.Geophys.Res.,2005,110:B11409.
[30]Ran Y K,Chen L C,Chen J,et al.Paleoseismic evidenceand repeat time of large earthquakes at three sites along theLongmenshan fault zone.Tectonophysics,2010,491(1-4):141-153.
[31]环文林,时振梁,李世勋.对1556年81/4级大地震震中位置和发震构造的新认识.中国地震,2003,19(1):20-32.Huan W L,Shi Z L,Li S X.The new recognizes forepicenter location and seismogenic structure of 1556 M81/4Large Earthquake.Earthquake Research in China(inChinese),2003,19(1):20-32.
[32]王椿镛,张先康,吴庆举等.华北盆地滑脱构造的地震学证据.地球物理学报,1994,37(5):613-620.Wang C Y,Zhang X K,Wu Q J,et al.Seismic evidence ofdetachment in North China Basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1994,37(5):613-620.
[33]高锐,史大年,李秋生等.青藏高原北缘碰撞变形的深部过程—深地震探测成果之启示.中国科学:D辑,2001,31(S1):66-71.Gao R,Shi D N,Li Q S,et al.Deep process of the collisionand deformation in northern Tibetan plateau-implicationsfrom deep seismic sounding results.Science in China(Ser D)(in Chinese),2001,31(S1):66-71.
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