雍家沟泥石流活动特征与堵江
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摘要
自2008年汶川地震以来,四川省绵竹市清平乡雍家沟已暴发过多场泥石流,造成了严重的堵断公路和堵塞河流事件,其中,2012年"8·18"暴发的泥石流规模最大,造成绵远河全部堵塞。通过分析2010年"8·13"与2012年"8·18"两场泥石流的降雨过程发现,雍家沟暴发泥石流的前期累积雨量在增加,激发雨强在降低。2008年汶川地震导致雍家沟的主沟和支沟内堆积了大量的松散固体物质。野外调查发现,雍家沟多次暴发泥石流的活动路径并不一致,其中,2012年"8·18"泥石流主要沿1号支沟活动,沟道的侵蚀宽度随着与主沟沟口距离的增加而变窄,沟道内剩余堆积体厚度随着距离的增加呈现先增后减的规律,且沟道内的物质粒径分布具有随机性。对雍家沟在不同暴雨频率下暴发泥石流可能引起的堵江情况进行了分析,结果表明,在暴雨频率大于20%的情况下暴发泥石流便可造成堵江事件,甚至可将主河全部堵塞。
After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,debris flow events constantly occurred in the Yongjia gully,which caused serious incidents of road blocked and river damming.The largest scale event was on August 18,2012 which simultaneously caused the Mianyuan River totally blocked.After analysis and comparison of the rainfall processes for two debris flow events on August 13,2010 and August 18,2012,It is concluded that the accumulated precipitation triggered the debris flows increased but the critical rainfall decreased.After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,an abundance of loose co-seismic material sources were present in the main channel and branch channel of Yongjia gully.According to detailed site investigations,the active paths of different debris flows were not consistent.The debris flow on August 18,2012 was mainly occurred in the No.1 branch,which shows that erosion width of the channel is getting narrower and the accumulation thickness is first increased and then decreased with the increase of distance from the main channel outlet.Moreover,the particle size distribution of the debris is random in the channel.In addition,this paper also analyzed the river-blocked probability of Yongjiagou debris flows under the different rainfall frequency.The results indicate that Yongjiagou debris flow event could cause river damming when rainfall frequency greater than 20% of it's return period,even cause the river completely blocked.
After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,debris flow events constantly occurred in the Yongjia gully,which caused serious incidents of road blocked and river damming.The largest scale event was on August 18,2012 which simultaneously caused the Mianyuan River totally blocked.After analysis and comparison of the rainfall processes for two debris flow events on August 13,2010 and August 18,2012,It is concluded that the accumulated precipitation triggered the debris flows increased but the critical rainfall decreased.After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,an abundance of loose co-seismic material sources were present in the main channel and branch channel of Yongjia gully.According to detailed site investigations,the active paths of different debris flows were not consistent.The debris flow on August 18,2012 was mainly occurred in the No.1 branch,which shows that erosion width of the channel is getting narrower and the accumulation thickness is first increased and then decreased with the increase of distance from the main channel outlet.Moreover,the particle size distribution of the debris is random in the channel.In addition,this paper also analyzed the river-blocked probability of Yongjiagou debris flows under the different rainfall frequency.The results indicate that Yongjiagou debris flow event could cause river damming when rainfall frequency greater than 20% of it's return period,even cause the river completely blocked.
引文
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[13]Zhuang Jianqi,Ge Yonggang,Chen Xingzhang.Assessment of riverblock probability by debris flow along Dujiangyan-Wenchuanhighway after Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2012,20(2):195-203[庄建琦,葛永刚,陈兴长.震后都汶公路沿线泥石流沟堵江危险性评估[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(2):195-203]
[2]Cui Peng,Zhuang Jianqi,Chen Xingchang,et al.Characteristics andcountermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earth-quake[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edi-tion,2010,42(5):10-19[崔鹏,庄建琦,陈兴长,等.汶川地震区震后泥石流活动特征与防治对策[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(5):10-19]
[3]Tang Chuan.Activity tendency prediction of rainfall induced land-slides and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake areas[J].Jour-nal of Mountain Science,2012,28(3):341-349()[唐川.汶川地震区暴雨滑坡泥石流活动趋势预测[J].山地学报,2010,28(3):341-349]
[4]Xu Qiang.The 13 August 2010 catastrophic debris flows in SichuanProvince:characteristics,genetic mechanism and suggestions[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(5):506-608[许强.四川省8·13特大泥石流灾害特征、成因与启示[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):506-608]
[5]Liu Chuanzheng.Analysis on genetic model of Wenjiagou debrisflows in Wenchuan Earthquake area,Sichuan[J].Geological Re-view,2012,58(4):709-716[刘传正.汶川地震区文家沟泥石流成因模式分析[J].地质论评,2012,58(4):709-716]
[6]Zhou Bifan,Li Deji,Luo Defu,et al.Daidance for debris flow pre-vention[M].Beijing:Science Press,1991:73-75[周必凡,李德基,罗德富,等.泥石流防治指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:73-75]
[7]Guo Zhixue,Cao Shuyou,Liu Xingnian,et al.Experimental study onparameters affecting the river-blocking due to debris flow[J].Jour-nal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004(11):39-45[郭志学,曹叔尤,刘兴年,等.泥石流堵江影响因素试验研究[J].水利学报,2004(11):39-45]
[8]Xu Yongnian,Kuang Shangfu,Huang Yongjian,et al.Hazard-deci-ding indices for convergence of debris flow[J].Journal of NaturalDisasters,2002,11(3):33-38[徐永年,匡尚富,黄永键,等.泥石流入汇的危险性判别指标[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(3):33-38]
[9]Tang Chuan,Huang Runqiu,Huang Da,et al.Impacts of debrisflows on the reservoir of a hydropower station in the Meigu River ofJinshajiang[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(2):145-151[唐川,黄润秋,黄达,等.金沙江美姑河牛牛坝水电站库区泥石流对工程影响分析[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(2):145-151]
[10]Zhou Wei,Tang Chuan,Zhou Chunhua.Critical rainfall character-istics for rainfall-induced debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake af-fected areas[J].Advances in Water Science,2012,23(5):650-655[周伟,唐川,周春花.汶川震区暴雨泥石流激发雨型特征[J].水科学进展,2012,23(5):650-655]
[11]Cui Peng,He Siming,Yao Lingkan,et al.Wenchuan Earthquakemountain disasters formation mechanism and risk control[M].Bei-jing:Science Press,2011:356-359[崔鹏,何思明,姚令侃,等.汶川地震山地灾害形成机理与风险控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:356-359]
[12]Minister of Land and Resources.Investigation Specification for deb-ris flow hazard controlling engineering(DZ/T 0220-2006)[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2006[中华人民共和国国土资源部.泥石流灾害防治工程勘察规范(DZ/T 0220-2006)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006]
[13]Zhuang Jianqi,Ge Yonggang,Chen Xingzhang.Assessment of riverblock probability by debris flow along Dujiangyan-Wenchuanhighway after Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2012,20(2):195-203[庄建琦,葛永刚,陈兴长.震后都汶公路沿线泥石流沟堵江危险性评估[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(2):195-203]
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