基于模型数据的不同反褶积方法保幅性分析
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摘要
地震资料的保幅程度决定了AVO反演的精度,且受采集、处理等多种因素影响。反褶积方法是常被忽略的关键因素之一,其对地震资料保幅性的影响目前尚无定论。本文首先从理论上讨论了褶积模型代替地震波动理论对振幅的影响,并分析了地表一致性反褶积、预测反褶积、脉冲反褶积、谱白化方法的相对保幅性质,然后以三维物理模型资料为例进行反褶积处理,最后将四种反褶积结果拟合的AVO属性分别与物理模型真实值作定量对比,从而定量分析各种反褶积方法对振幅相对关系的影响。研究表明,地表一致性反褶积是保幅的,以本文模型资料为例,它能将梯度精度提高3.8%;预测反褶积在地表一致性反褶积之后,相对保幅性明显提高,并且多道预测反褶积的相对保幅性好于单道;当期望输出为单位脉冲时的脉冲反褶积不保幅,引起的梯度误差可达90%以上;谱白化也不保幅,产生的梯度误差为15%～22%。
The amplitude-preserved data determines the accuracy of AVO inversion,and it is greatly influenced by many factors,such as data acquisition and processing.Deconvolution is one of these factors that are usually ignored.And by now very few conclusions have been drawn about the amplitude preservation of deconvolution.In this paper,the influence of substituting propagation theory of seismic waves with convolution model on the amplitude preservation quality is theoretically studied,and then the amplitude preservation of several important deconvolution methods is analyzed,including surface-consistent deconvolution,predictive deconvolution,impulse deconvolution,and spectrum whiten.Taking 3D physical model data for example,AVO attributes(P and G) by Shuey's linear fitting with the deconvolution methods are obtained,and then they are compared with the theoretical AVO attribute.Therefore,we can make a quantitative investigation of the influence of deconvolution methods on the amplitude preservation quality.The following observation are obtained from the results: ①The surface-consistent deconvolution belongs to amplitude-preserved processing,because it improves the gradient of AVO attribute by 3.8% in this example;②After the surface-consistent deconvolution processing,the amplitude preservation of predictive deconvolution can be improved a lot,and multi-channel predictive deconvolution is obviously better than single channel deconvolution;③When the expected output is d(t)=[1,0,…,0],the impulse deconvolution is no longer amplitude-preserved,because it causes the error of the gradient more than 90%;④Spectrum whiten is also not amplitude-preserved,and it brings the error of the gradient about 15%~20%.
The amplitude-preserved data determines the accuracy of AVO inversion,and it is greatly influenced by many factors,such as data acquisition and processing.Deconvolution is one of these factors that are usually ignored.And by now very few conclusions have been drawn about the amplitude preservation of deconvolution.In this paper,the influence of substituting propagation theory of seismic waves with convolution model on the amplitude preservation quality is theoretically studied,and then the amplitude preservation of several important deconvolution methods is analyzed,including surface-consistent deconvolution,predictive deconvolution,impulse deconvolution,and spectrum whiten.Taking 3D physical model data for example,AVO attributes(P and G) by Shuey's linear fitting with the deconvolution methods are obtained,and then they are compared with the theoretical AVO attribute.Therefore,we can make a quantitative investigation of the influence of deconvolution methods on the amplitude preservation quality.The following observation are obtained from the results: ①The surface-consistent deconvolution belongs to amplitude-preserved processing,because it improves the gradient of AVO attribute by 3.8% in this example;②After the surface-consistent deconvolution processing,the amplitude preservation of predictive deconvolution can be improved a lot,and multi-channel predictive deconvolution is obviously better than single channel deconvolution;③When the expected output is d(t)=[1,0,…,0],the impulse deconvolution is no longer amplitude-preserved,because it causes the error of the gradient more than 90%;④Spectrum whiten is also not amplitude-preserved,and it brings the error of the gradient about 15%~20%.
引文
[1]Sun S Z,Yang H,Zhang Y et al.The application of amplitude-preserved processing and migration for car-bonate reservoir prediction in the Tarim Basin,China.Petroleum Science,2011,8(4):406～414
[2]冉建斌,张明玉,徐常胜等.地震资料处理解释一体化的质量监控技术研究.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):545～551 Ran Jianbin,Zhang Mingyu,Xu Changsheng et al.Quality monitoring technique for integration of seis-mic data processing and interpretation.OGP,2010,45(4):545～551
[3]薛昭,董良国,单联瑜.Radon变换去噪方法的保幅性理论分析.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(6):858～867 Xue Zhao,Dong Liangguo,Shan Lianyu.Amplitude preservation theoretical analysis of Radon transforms de-noising method.OGP,2012,47(6):858～867
[4]张红军,王君,丁长辉等.相对保持振幅、频率、相位属性的采集脚印压制技术.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):15～19 Zhang Hongjun,Wang Jun,Ding Changhui et al.Acquisition footprints suppressions by amplitude-fre-quency-phase relative preservation.OGP,2012,47(S1):15～19
[5]张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1410～1430 Zhang Yu.The theory of true amplitude one-way wave equation migration.Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,2006,49(5):1410～1430
[6]杨午阳,Zhang Houzhu,茅金根等.F-X域粘弹性波动方程保幅偏移.石油物探,2003,42(3):285～288 Yang Wuyang,Zhang Houzhu,Mao Jingen et al.Fi-nite-difference migration with compensation for ab-sorption,dispersion and transmission losses in seis-mic data.GPP,2003,42(3):285～288
[7]Zhang Y,Sun J,Gray S.Reverse-time migration:Am-plitude and implementation issues.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2007,26:2145～2148
[8]Deng F,Mcmechan G A.3-D true amplitude prestack depth migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2007,26:2160～2164
[9]凌云研究组.叠后相对保持振幅处理研究.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):501～506 Ling Yun Research Group.Study of poststack rela-tive preservation of amplitude.OGP,2003,38(5):501～506
[10]凌云研究组.叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形的地震数据处理与评价研究.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):543～552 Ling Yun Research Group.Study of seismic data pro-cessing and appreciation based on prestack relative preservation of amplitude,frequency,phase and waveform.OGP,2004,39(5):543～552
[11]郭树祥.地震资料保幅处理的讨论.油气地球物理,2009,7(1):1～7 Guo Shuxiang.Discussion of preserved amplitude processing of seismic data.Petroleum Geophysics,2009,7(1):1～7
[12]Guney R,Karsli H,Dondurur D.Offset-dependent predictive deconvolution.6th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society,Budapest,Hungary,2011:C04
[2]冉建斌,张明玉,徐常胜等.地震资料处理解释一体化的质量监控技术研究.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):545～551 Ran Jianbin,Zhang Mingyu,Xu Changsheng et al.Quality monitoring technique for integration of seis-mic data processing and interpretation.OGP,2010,45(4):545～551
[3]薛昭,董良国,单联瑜.Radon变换去噪方法的保幅性理论分析.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(6):858～867 Xue Zhao,Dong Liangguo,Shan Lianyu.Amplitude preservation theoretical analysis of Radon transforms de-noising method.OGP,2012,47(6):858～867
[4]张红军,王君,丁长辉等.相对保持振幅、频率、相位属性的采集脚印压制技术.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):15～19 Zhang Hongjun,Wang Jun,Ding Changhui et al.Acquisition footprints suppressions by amplitude-fre-quency-phase relative preservation.OGP,2012,47(S1):15～19
[5]张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1410～1430 Zhang Yu.The theory of true amplitude one-way wave equation migration.Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,2006,49(5):1410～1430
[6]杨午阳,Zhang Houzhu,茅金根等.F-X域粘弹性波动方程保幅偏移.石油物探,2003,42(3):285～288 Yang Wuyang,Zhang Houzhu,Mao Jingen et al.Fi-nite-difference migration with compensation for ab-sorption,dispersion and transmission losses in seis-mic data.GPP,2003,42(3):285～288
[7]Zhang Y,Sun J,Gray S.Reverse-time migration:Am-plitude and implementation issues.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2007,26:2145～2148
[8]Deng F,Mcmechan G A.3-D true amplitude prestack depth migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2007,26:2160～2164
[9]凌云研究组.叠后相对保持振幅处理研究.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):501～506 Ling Yun Research Group.Study of poststack rela-tive preservation of amplitude.OGP,2003,38(5):501～506
[10]凌云研究组.叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形的地震数据处理与评价研究.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):543～552 Ling Yun Research Group.Study of seismic data pro-cessing and appreciation based on prestack relative preservation of amplitude,frequency,phase and waveform.OGP,2004,39(5):543～552
[11]郭树祥.地震资料保幅处理的讨论.油气地球物理,2009,7(1):1～7 Guo Shuxiang.Discussion of preserved amplitude processing of seismic data.Petroleum Geophysics,2009,7(1):1～7
[12]Guney R,Karsli H,Dondurur D.Offset-dependent predictive deconvolution.6th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society,Budapest,Hungary,2011:C04
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