利用Moho地形导纳法(MDDF)反演中国大陆岩石圈有效弹性厚度
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摘要
本文用数值实验方法验证了,在Moho地形导纳法(MDDF)中使用先由重力数据反演的Moho面相对起伏数据,能较传统的重力地形导纳法获得更高的反演精度.之后作者应用Moho地形导纳法(MDDF)反演获得了精度较高的中国大陆区域岩石圈有效弹性厚度.结果显示:(1)中国地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度Te从东向西大体上呈阶梯状上升;(2)Te与岩石圈地震-热厚度、地表热流、上地幔顶部的地震波速度等数据密切相关;(3)在中国中东部,Te较低的区域以及Te的高低值转换带对应较强的地震活动性.但在西部,Te与地震活动性的相关性并不明显.
The accuracy of the inversed elastic thickness of the lithosphere is fairly low with the conventional spectral method. We verified that using the Moho relief from gravity anomaly inversion in the Moho-topography admittance method can improve the inversion accuracy of Te greatly compared to conventional gravity-topography admittance method. Then we calculated Te in certain area of China with Moho-topography admittance method. The inversion results indicate that (1) Te in China increases stepwise from east to west on the whole, (2) Te is closely related to the lithosphere thickness, surface heat flow, seismic wave velocity in the uppermost mantle, and (3) while seismicity is more concentrated in areas where Te is low or at boundaries between high and low Te in central and eastern China, it does not show this relationship with Te in western China.
The accuracy of the inversed elastic thickness of the lithosphere is fairly low with the conventional spectral method. We verified that using the Moho relief from gravity anomaly inversion in the Moho-topography admittance method can improve the inversion accuracy of Te greatly compared to conventional gravity-topography admittance method. Then we calculated Te in certain area of China with Moho-topography admittance method. The inversion results indicate that (1) Te in China increases stepwise from east to west on the whole, (2) Te is closely related to the lithosphere thickness, surface heat flow, seismic wave velocity in the uppermost mantle, and (3) while seismicity is more concentrated in areas where Te is low or at boundaries between high and low Te in central and eastern China, it does not show this relationship with Te in western China.
引文
[1]Turcotte D L,Schubert G.Geodynamics.New York:Cambridge Univ Press,2002.
[2]Banks R J,Parker R L,Huestis S P.Isostatic compensationon a continental scale:local versus regional mechanisms.Geophysical Journal International,1977,51(2):431-452.
[3]Burov E,Diament M.The effective elastic thickness(Te)ofcontinental lithosphere:What does it really mean?J.Geophys.Res.,1995,100(B3):3905-3927.
[4]熊熊,许厚泽,徐建桥等.大陆弹性岩石层有效弹性厚度对岩石层形变和大地水准面的动力影响.地壳形变与地震,1998,18(4):1-10.Xiong X,Xu H Z,Xu J Q,et al.Dynamic influence ofvarious elastic thickness of continental lithosphere uponlithospheric deformation and geoid undulation.CrustalDeformation and Earthquake(in Chinese),1998,18(4):1-10.
[5]付永涛,李继亮,周辉等.大陆岩石圈有效弹性厚度研究综述.地质评论,2000,46(2):149-159.Fu Y T,Li J L,Zhou H,et al.Comments on the effectiveelastic thickness of Continental lithosphere.Geological Review(in Chinese),2000,46(2):149-159.
[6]Pérez-GussinyéM,Watts A B.The long-term strength ofEurope and its implications for plate-forming processes.Nature,2005,436(7049):381-384.
[7]Watts A B,Ryan W B F.Flexure of the lithosphere andcontinental margin basins.Tectonophysics,1976,36:25-44.
[8]Lowry A R,Smith R B.Flexural rigidity of the Basin andRange-Colorado Plateau-Rocky Mountain transition fromcoherence analysis of gravity and topography.Journal ofGeophysical Research,1994,99(B10):20123-20140.
[9]赵俐红,姜效典,金煜等.中国西部大陆岩石圈的有效弹性厚度研究.地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2004,29(2):183-190.Zhao L H,Jiang X D,Jin Y,et al.Effective elastic thicknessof continental lithosphere in western China.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),2004,29(2):183-190.
[10]王勇,许厚泽.中国大陆及其邻区岩石层挠曲强度变化和均衡补偿机制.地球物理学报,1996,39(S1):105-113.Wang Y,Xu H Z.The variations of lithospheric flexuralstrength and isostatic compensation mechanisms beneath thecontinent of china and vicinity.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),1996,39(S1):105-113.
[11]Liu S,Mao X,Xu M,et al.Estimation of effective elasticthickness of the continental lithosphere in east China.American Geophysical Union,2010.
[12]Bechtel T D,Forsyth D W,Sharpton V L,et al.Variationsin effective elastic thickness of the North American lithosphere.Nature,1990,343(6259):636-638.
[13]Swain C J,Kirby J F.An effective elastic thickness map ofAustralia from wavelet transforms of gravity and topographyusing Forsyth's method.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2006,33(2):L02314.
[14]Pérez-GussinyéM,Lowry A,Watts A.Effective elasticthickness of South America and its implications for intracontinentaldeformation.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2007,8(5):22.
[15]Pérez-GussinyéM,Swain C J,Kirby J F,et al.Spatialvariations of the effective elastic thickness,Te,usingmultitaper spectral estimation and wavelet methods:examplesfrom synthetic data and application to South America.Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2009,10(4),doi:10.1029/2008GC002229.
[16]Liu S,Wang L.Effective elastic thickness of the continentallithosphere in China from heat flow:Implications for thelithospheric rheology and active tectonics.European GeosciencesUnion,2010.
[17]McNutt M,Diament M,Kogan M.Variations of elastic platethickness at continental thrust belts.Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1988,93(B8):8825-8838.
[18]Wieczorek M A.The gravity and topography of theterrestrial planets.Treatise on Geophysics,2007,10:165-206.
[19]Anderson F S,Smrekar S E.Global mapping of crustal andlithospheric thickness on Venus.Journal of GeophysicalResearch,2006,111(E8),doi:10.1029/2004JE002395.
[20]李斐,柯宝贵,王文睿等.利用重力地形导纳估计月壳厚度.地球物理学报,2009,52(8):2001-2007.Li F,Ke B G,Wang W R,et al.Estimation of the ancientlunar crust thickness from the admittance.Chinese Journalof Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,52(8):2001-2007.
[21]Pérez-GussinyéM,Lowry A R,Watts A B,et al.On therecovery of effective elastic thickness using spectral methods:examples from synthetic data and from the FennoscandianShield.J.Geophys.Res.,2004,109(B10).
[22]杨亭,傅容珊,黄金水.利用Moho面起伏及地表地形数据反演岩石圈有效弹性厚度的莫霍地形导纳法(MDDF).地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3671-3680.Yang T,Fu R S,Huang J S.On the inversion of effectiveelastic thickness of the lithosphere with Moho relief andtopography data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(11):3671-3680.
[23]Macario A,Malinverno A,Haxby W F.On the robustnessof elastic thickness estimates obtained using the coherencemethod.Journal of Geophysical Research,1995,100(B8):15163-15172.
[24]Parker R L.The rapid calculation of potential anomalies.Geophysical Journal International,1973,31(4):447-455.
[25]傅容珊.重力资料频率域反演三维地壳结构.中国科学技术大学学报,1988,18(4):523-527.Fu R S.A numerical experiment to inverse three-dimensionalcrustal structure in frequence region by using gravitationaldata.Journal of University of Science and Technology ofChina(in Chinese),1988,18(4):523-527.
[26]黄建平,傅容珊,许萍等.利用重力和地形观测反演中国及邻区地壳厚度.地震学报,2006,28(3):250-258.Huang J P,Fu R S,Xu P,et al.Inversion of gravity andtopography data for the crust thickness of china and itsadjacency.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,28(3):250-258.
[27]Forsyth D W.Subsurface loading and estimates of theflexural rigidity of continental lithosphere.Journal ofGeophysical Research,1985,90(B14):12623-12632.
[28]滕吉文,曾融生,闫雅芬等.东亚大陆及周边海域Moho界面深度分布和基本构造格局.中国科学D辑,2002,32(2):89-100.Teng J W,Zeng R S,Yan Y F,et al.Depth distribution ofMoho and tectonic framework in eastern Asian continent andits adjacent ocean areas.Science China(Earth Sciences),2002,32(2):89-100.
[29]Jordan T A,Watts A B.Gravity anomalies,flexure and theelastic thickness structure of the India-Eurasia collisionalsystem.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005,236(3-4):732-750.
[30]陈石,王谦身,祝意青等.青藏高原东缘重力导纳模型均衡异常时空特征.地球物理学报,2011,54(1):22-34.Chen S,Wang Q S,Zhu Y Q,et al.Temporal and spatialfeatures of isostasy anomaly using gravitational admittancemodel at eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau.Chinese Journalof Geophysics(in Chinese),2011,54(1):22-34.
[31]安美建,石耀霖.中国大陆岩石圈厚度分布研究.地学前缘,2006,13(3):23-30.An M J,Shi Y L.Review on lithospheric thickness researchof the Chinese continent.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2006,13(3):23-30.
[32]Hu S B,He L J,Wang J Y.Heat flow in the continentalarea of China:a new data set.Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2000,179(2):407-419.
[33]An M J,Shi Y L.Lithospheric thickness of the Chinesecontinent.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2006,159(3):257-266.
[34]Pei S P,Zhao J M,Sun Y S,et al.Upper mantle seismicvelocities and anisotropy in China determined through Pn andSn tomography.J.Geophys.Res.,2007,112(5):B05312.
[35]Maggi A,Jackson J A,McKenzie D,et al.Earthquake focaldepths,effective elastic thickness,and the strength of thecontinental lithosphere.Geology,2000,28(6):495-498.
[36]Gan W J,Zhang P Z,Shen Z K,et al.Present-day crustalmotion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPSmeasurements.Journal of Geophysical Research,2007,112(B8):B08416.
[37]Zhao J,Yuan X,Liu H,et al.The boundary between theIndian and Asian tectonic plates below Tibet.Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences,2010,107(25):11229-11233.
[38]Li C,Van der Hilst R D,Meltzer A S,et al.Subduction ofthe Indian lithosphere beneath the Tibetan Plateau andBurma.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,274(1-2):157-168.
[39]石耀霖,朱守彪.中国大陆震源机制深度变化反映的地壳-地幔流变特征.地球物理学报,2003,46(3):359-365.Shi Y L,Zhu S B.Contrast of rheology in the crust andmantle near moho revealed by depth variation of earthquakemechanism in continental China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,46(3):359-365.
[40]Stark C P,Stewart J,Ebinger C J.Wavelet transformmapping of effective elastic thickness and plate loading:Validation using synthetic data and application to the study ofsouthern African tectonics.Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(B12):2558.
[2]Banks R J,Parker R L,Huestis S P.Isostatic compensationon a continental scale:local versus regional mechanisms.Geophysical Journal International,1977,51(2):431-452.
[3]Burov E,Diament M.The effective elastic thickness(Te)ofcontinental lithosphere:What does it really mean?J.Geophys.Res.,1995,100(B3):3905-3927.
[4]熊熊,许厚泽,徐建桥等.大陆弹性岩石层有效弹性厚度对岩石层形变和大地水准面的动力影响.地壳形变与地震,1998,18(4):1-10.Xiong X,Xu H Z,Xu J Q,et al.Dynamic influence ofvarious elastic thickness of continental lithosphere uponlithospheric deformation and geoid undulation.CrustalDeformation and Earthquake(in Chinese),1998,18(4):1-10.
[5]付永涛,李继亮,周辉等.大陆岩石圈有效弹性厚度研究综述.地质评论,2000,46(2):149-159.Fu Y T,Li J L,Zhou H,et al.Comments on the effectiveelastic thickness of Continental lithosphere.Geological Review(in Chinese),2000,46(2):149-159.
[6]Pérez-GussinyéM,Watts A B.The long-term strength ofEurope and its implications for plate-forming processes.Nature,2005,436(7049):381-384.
[7]Watts A B,Ryan W B F.Flexure of the lithosphere andcontinental margin basins.Tectonophysics,1976,36:25-44.
[8]Lowry A R,Smith R B.Flexural rigidity of the Basin andRange-Colorado Plateau-Rocky Mountain transition fromcoherence analysis of gravity and topography.Journal ofGeophysical Research,1994,99(B10):20123-20140.
[9]赵俐红,姜效典,金煜等.中国西部大陆岩石圈的有效弹性厚度研究.地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2004,29(2):183-190.Zhao L H,Jiang X D,Jin Y,et al.Effective elastic thicknessof continental lithosphere in western China.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),2004,29(2):183-190.
[10]王勇,许厚泽.中国大陆及其邻区岩石层挠曲强度变化和均衡补偿机制.地球物理学报,1996,39(S1):105-113.Wang Y,Xu H Z.The variations of lithospheric flexuralstrength and isostatic compensation mechanisms beneath thecontinent of china and vicinity.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),1996,39(S1):105-113.
[11]Liu S,Mao X,Xu M,et al.Estimation of effective elasticthickness of the continental lithosphere in east China.American Geophysical Union,2010.
[12]Bechtel T D,Forsyth D W,Sharpton V L,et al.Variationsin effective elastic thickness of the North American lithosphere.Nature,1990,343(6259):636-638.
[13]Swain C J,Kirby J F.An effective elastic thickness map ofAustralia from wavelet transforms of gravity and topographyusing Forsyth's method.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2006,33(2):L02314.
[14]Pérez-GussinyéM,Lowry A,Watts A.Effective elasticthickness of South America and its implications for intracontinentaldeformation.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2007,8(5):22.
[15]Pérez-GussinyéM,Swain C J,Kirby J F,et al.Spatialvariations of the effective elastic thickness,Te,usingmultitaper spectral estimation and wavelet methods:examplesfrom synthetic data and application to South America.Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2009,10(4),doi:10.1029/2008GC002229.
[16]Liu S,Wang L.Effective elastic thickness of the continentallithosphere in China from heat flow:Implications for thelithospheric rheology and active tectonics.European GeosciencesUnion,2010.
[17]McNutt M,Diament M,Kogan M.Variations of elastic platethickness at continental thrust belts.Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1988,93(B8):8825-8838.
[18]Wieczorek M A.The gravity and topography of theterrestrial planets.Treatise on Geophysics,2007,10:165-206.
[19]Anderson F S,Smrekar S E.Global mapping of crustal andlithospheric thickness on Venus.Journal of GeophysicalResearch,2006,111(E8),doi:10.1029/2004JE002395.
[20]李斐,柯宝贵,王文睿等.利用重力地形导纳估计月壳厚度.地球物理学报,2009,52(8):2001-2007.Li F,Ke B G,Wang W R,et al.Estimation of the ancientlunar crust thickness from the admittance.Chinese Journalof Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,52(8):2001-2007.
[21]Pérez-GussinyéM,Lowry A R,Watts A B,et al.On therecovery of effective elastic thickness using spectral methods:examples from synthetic data and from the FennoscandianShield.J.Geophys.Res.,2004,109(B10).
[22]杨亭,傅容珊,黄金水.利用Moho面起伏及地表地形数据反演岩石圈有效弹性厚度的莫霍地形导纳法(MDDF).地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3671-3680.Yang T,Fu R S,Huang J S.On the inversion of effectiveelastic thickness of the lithosphere with Moho relief andtopography data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(11):3671-3680.
[23]Macario A,Malinverno A,Haxby W F.On the robustnessof elastic thickness estimates obtained using the coherencemethod.Journal of Geophysical Research,1995,100(B8):15163-15172.
[24]Parker R L.The rapid calculation of potential anomalies.Geophysical Journal International,1973,31(4):447-455.
[25]傅容珊.重力资料频率域反演三维地壳结构.中国科学技术大学学报,1988,18(4):523-527.Fu R S.A numerical experiment to inverse three-dimensionalcrustal structure in frequence region by using gravitationaldata.Journal of University of Science and Technology ofChina(in Chinese),1988,18(4):523-527.
[26]黄建平,傅容珊,许萍等.利用重力和地形观测反演中国及邻区地壳厚度.地震学报,2006,28(3):250-258.Huang J P,Fu R S,Xu P,et al.Inversion of gravity andtopography data for the crust thickness of china and itsadjacency.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,28(3):250-258.
[27]Forsyth D W.Subsurface loading and estimates of theflexural rigidity of continental lithosphere.Journal ofGeophysical Research,1985,90(B14):12623-12632.
[28]滕吉文,曾融生,闫雅芬等.东亚大陆及周边海域Moho界面深度分布和基本构造格局.中国科学D辑,2002,32(2):89-100.Teng J W,Zeng R S,Yan Y F,et al.Depth distribution ofMoho and tectonic framework in eastern Asian continent andits adjacent ocean areas.Science China(Earth Sciences),2002,32(2):89-100.
[29]Jordan T A,Watts A B.Gravity anomalies,flexure and theelastic thickness structure of the India-Eurasia collisionalsystem.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005,236(3-4):732-750.
[30]陈石,王谦身,祝意青等.青藏高原东缘重力导纳模型均衡异常时空特征.地球物理学报,2011,54(1):22-34.Chen S,Wang Q S,Zhu Y Q,et al.Temporal and spatialfeatures of isostasy anomaly using gravitational admittancemodel at eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau.Chinese Journalof Geophysics(in Chinese),2011,54(1):22-34.
[31]安美建,石耀霖.中国大陆岩石圈厚度分布研究.地学前缘,2006,13(3):23-30.An M J,Shi Y L.Review on lithospheric thickness researchof the Chinese continent.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2006,13(3):23-30.
[32]Hu S B,He L J,Wang J Y.Heat flow in the continentalarea of China:a new data set.Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2000,179(2):407-419.
[33]An M J,Shi Y L.Lithospheric thickness of the Chinesecontinent.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2006,159(3):257-266.
[34]Pei S P,Zhao J M,Sun Y S,et al.Upper mantle seismicvelocities and anisotropy in China determined through Pn andSn tomography.J.Geophys.Res.,2007,112(5):B05312.
[35]Maggi A,Jackson J A,McKenzie D,et al.Earthquake focaldepths,effective elastic thickness,and the strength of thecontinental lithosphere.Geology,2000,28(6):495-498.
[36]Gan W J,Zhang P Z,Shen Z K,et al.Present-day crustalmotion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPSmeasurements.Journal of Geophysical Research,2007,112(B8):B08416.
[37]Zhao J,Yuan X,Liu H,et al.The boundary between theIndian and Asian tectonic plates below Tibet.Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences,2010,107(25):11229-11233.
[38]Li C,Van der Hilst R D,Meltzer A S,et al.Subduction ofthe Indian lithosphere beneath the Tibetan Plateau andBurma.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,274(1-2):157-168.
[39]石耀霖,朱守彪.中国大陆震源机制深度变化反映的地壳-地幔流变特征.地球物理学报,2003,46(3):359-365.Shi Y L,Zhu S B.Contrast of rheology in the crust andmantle near moho revealed by depth variation of earthquakemechanism in continental China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,46(3):359-365.
[40]Stark C P,Stewart J,Ebinger C J.Wavelet transformmapping of effective elastic thickness and plate loading:Validation using synthetic data and application to the study ofsouthern African tectonics.Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(B12):2558.
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