山东灵山岛早白垩世复理石软沉积物变形期次解析
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摘要
前人对软沉积物变形期次研究多数集中于触发变形的地震事件的周期,而对滑塌体内部软沉积物变形期次研究较少。山东灵山岛早白垩世复理石形成于残余盆地背景,且由于地震频发导致滑塌沉积广泛发育。滑塌沉积层中发育有丰富的软沉积物变形构造,如:同沉积滑塌褶皱、底模构造、剖面X形共轭逆断层、同沉积布丁构造、砂岩层断块及变形团块、微型地垒—地堑组合和叠瓦状倒转紧闭褶皱等。不同类型和不同部位的软沉积物变形构造显示出发育期次不同的特征。本文以灵山岛修船厂附近滑塌沉积层为例,分析软沉积物变形构造的变形机制,并将其发育期次大致分为滑塌前、滑塌中和滑塌后三个阶段。只有部分滑塌中的软沉积物变形构造具有滑塌指向意义,而滑塌前的变形构造不能用来判别滑塌体的搬运方向。
The Early Cretaceous flysch found in the Lingshan Island,Shandong Province,was formed in a remnant ocean basin. There are abundant slump deposit beds found in this flysch,indicating frequent strong earthquake events happened in the Early Cretaceous. There are different soft sediment deformation structures found in the slump beds,such as slump folds,sole casts,X-type conjugate thrust faults,synsedimentary boudinages,sand blocks and balls,mini hosts and grabens,imbricate reverse folds etc. Different types of soft sediment deformation structures show their different deformation stages compared to the slump deposition events. Taking the slump deposit outcrop section nearby the shipyard as an example,we have analyzed the mechanism of the soft sediment deformation structures,and classified these structures into three groups according to their formation period: the structures developed before slump,during the slump and after the slump. Some of the soft sediment deformation structures formed during the slump event can be used to identify the slump direction,whereas the structures developed before the slump,due to the long distance transportation of slump beds,cannot be used as the indicators of slump direction.
The Early Cretaceous flysch found in the Lingshan Island,Shandong Province,was formed in a remnant ocean basin. There are abundant slump deposit beds found in this flysch,indicating frequent strong earthquake events happened in the Early Cretaceous. There are different soft sediment deformation structures found in the slump beds,such as slump folds,sole casts,X-type conjugate thrust faults,synsedimentary boudinages,sand blocks and balls,mini hosts and grabens,imbricate reverse folds etc. Different types of soft sediment deformation structures show their different deformation stages compared to the slump deposition events. Taking the slump deposit outcrop section nearby the shipyard as an example,we have analyzed the mechanism of the soft sediment deformation structures,and classified these structures into three groups according to their formation period: the structures developed before slump,during the slump and after the slump. Some of the soft sediment deformation structures formed during the slump event can be used to identify the slump direction,whereas the structures developed before the slump,due to the long distance transportation of slump beds,cannot be used as the indicators of slump direction.
引文
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吕洪波,张海春,王俊,张素菁,董晓朋,张星.2013.灵山岛早白垩世复理石不是陆内三角洲沉积——答钟建华教授.地质论评,59(1):11～14.
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索书田,钟增球,游振东,周汉文.2000.大别—苏鲁区残余超高压构造及其动力学意义.地球科学,25(6):557～563.
张岳桥,董树文,赵越,张田.2007.华北侏罗纪大地构造:综评与新认识.地质学报,81(11):1462～1480.
钟建华.2012.灵山岛中生代沉积岩是深水远源浊积岩、还是陆内三角洲沉积?——与吕洪波教授商榷.地质论评,58(6):1180～1182.
周建波,郑永飞,李龙,谢智.2001.扬子板块俯冲的构造加积楔.地质学报,75(3):338～352.
张海春,吕洪波,李建国,王俊,张素菁,董晓朋,张星,黄振才,舒云超,任星民.2013.山东青岛早白垩世新地层单位——灵山岛组,地层学杂志,37(2):216～222.
Almagor G,Schilman B.1995.Sedimentary structures and sediment transport across the continental slope of Israel from piston core studies.Sedimentology,42(4):575～592.
Boggs S.Jr.2006.Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy(Fouth Edition).New Jersey:Prentice Hall,1～662.
Davis G H,Reynolds S J,Kluth C,Kluth C F.2011.Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions(Third Edition).New York:John Wiley and Sons Inc.,1～776.
Fossen H.2010.Structural Geology.Cambridge University Press,1～417.
Hanpton M A,Bouma A H,Carlson P R,Molnia B F,Clukey E C,Sangrey D A.1978.Quantitative study of slope instability in the gulf of Alaska.Offshore Technology Conference:2307～2318.
Lü Hongbo,Zhang Yuxu,Zhang Qiling,Xiao Jiafei.2006.Earthquakerelated tectonic deformation of soft-sediments and its constraints on basin tectonic evolution.ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA,5:724～732.
Martinez J F,Cartwright J,Hall B.2005.3D seismic interpretation of slump complexes:examples from the continental margin of Israel.Basin Research,17(1):83～108.
Nichols G.2009.Sedimentology and Stratigraphy(Second Edition).John Wiley&Sons Ltd,1～419.
Owen G,Moretti M,Alfaro P.2011.Recognising triggers for soft-sediment deformation:Current understanding and future directions.Sedimentary Geology,235(3～4):133～140.
Su Dechen,Qiao Xiufu,Sun Aiping,Li Haibing,Somerville I D.2013.Large earthquake-triggered liquefaction mounds and a carbonate sand volcano in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation,Beijing,North China.Geology Journal,DOI:10.1002/gj.2501.
Zheng Yongfei,Wang Zhengrong,Li Shuguang,Zhao Zifu.2002.Oxygen isotope equilibrium between eclogite minerals and its constraints on mineral Sm-Nd chronometer.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,66(4):625～634.
Zheng Yongfei,Zhao Zifu,Li Shuguang,Gong Bing.2003.Oxygen isotope equilibrium ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic minerals and its constraints on Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr chronometers.Geol Soc Spec Publ,220 :93～117.
Zhu Guang,Liu Guosheng,Niu Manlan,Xie Chenglong,Wang Yongsheng,Xiang Biwei.2009.Syn-collisional transform faulting of the Tan-Lu fault zone,east China.International Journal of Earth Sciences(Geol.Rundsch),98(1):135～155.
(1)董晓朋,吕洪波,张海春,王俊,张素菁,张星,黄振才,舒云超.2012.山东灵山岛早白垩世复理石及软沉积物变形构造初探.见:第十二届全国古地理学及沉积学学术会议论文摘要集.327 ~330.
(2)张星,吕洪波,张海春,王俊,张素菁,董晓朋,黄振才,舒云超.2012.山东胶南灵山岛早白垩世磨拉石地质意义初探.见:第十二届全国古地理学及沉积学学术会议论文摘要集.159~160.
陆克政.1996.构造地质学教程.山东东营:中国石油大学出版社:1 ～243.
吕洪波,王俊,张海春.2011.山东灵山岛晚中生代滑塌沉积层的发现及区域构造意义初探.地质学报,85(6):938～946.
吕洪波,张海春,王俊,张素菁,董晓朋,张星.2012.山东胶南灵山岛晚中生代浊积岩中发现巨大滑积岩块.地质论评,58(1):80 ～81.
吕洪波,张海春,王俊,张素菁,董晓朋,张星.2013.灵山岛早白垩世复理石不是陆内三角洲沉积——答钟建华教授.地质论评,59(1):11～14.
吕洪波,章雨旭,夏邦栋,方中,周伟明,彭阳,吴智平,李伟.2003.南盘江盆地中三叠统复理石中的同沉积挤压构造——一类新的沉积构造的归类、命名和构造意义探讨.地质论评,49(5):449～456.
吕洪波,章雨旭,肖国望,张绮玲.2006.内蒙古白云鄂博南东黑脑包腮林忽洞群下部发现地震滑塌岩块.地质论评,52(2):163～169.
乔秀夫,郭宪璞.2011.新疆西南天山下侏罗统软沉积物变形研究.地质论评,57(6):761～769.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2009.沉积物的地震及古地震效应.古地理学报,11 (6):593～610.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,彭阳,李海兵,高劢,宋彪,张巧大.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列.地质学报,68(1):16～34.
山东省第四地质矿产勘察院.2000.山东省地质图.济南:山东省地图出版社.
苏德辰,孙爱萍.2011.北京永定河谷中元古界雾迷山组软沉积物变形与古地震发生频率.古地理学报,13(6):591～614.
索书田,钟增球,游振东,周汉文.2000.大别—苏鲁区残余超高压构造及其动力学意义.地球科学,25(6):557～563.
张岳桥,董树文,赵越,张田.2007.华北侏罗纪大地构造:综评与新认识.地质学报,81(11):1462～1480.
钟建华.2012.灵山岛中生代沉积岩是深水远源浊积岩、还是陆内三角洲沉积?——与吕洪波教授商榷.地质论评,58(6):1180～1182.
周建波,郑永飞,李龙,谢智.2001.扬子板块俯冲的构造加积楔.地质学报,75(3):338～352.
张海春,吕洪波,李建国,王俊,张素菁,董晓朋,张星,黄振才,舒云超,任星民.2013.山东青岛早白垩世新地层单位——灵山岛组,地层学杂志,37(2):216～222.
Almagor G,Schilman B.1995.Sedimentary structures and sediment transport across the continental slope of Israel from piston core studies.Sedimentology,42(4):575～592.
Boggs S.Jr.2006.Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy(Fouth Edition).New Jersey:Prentice Hall,1～662.
Davis G H,Reynolds S J,Kluth C,Kluth C F.2011.Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions(Third Edition).New York:John Wiley and Sons Inc.,1～776.
Fossen H.2010.Structural Geology.Cambridge University Press,1～417.
Hanpton M A,Bouma A H,Carlson P R,Molnia B F,Clukey E C,Sangrey D A.1978.Quantitative study of slope instability in the gulf of Alaska.Offshore Technology Conference:2307～2318.
Lü Hongbo,Zhang Yuxu,Zhang Qiling,Xiao Jiafei.2006.Earthquakerelated tectonic deformation of soft-sediments and its constraints on basin tectonic evolution.ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA,5:724～732.
Martinez J F,Cartwright J,Hall B.2005.3D seismic interpretation of slump complexes:examples from the continental margin of Israel.Basin Research,17(1):83～108.
Nichols G.2009.Sedimentology and Stratigraphy(Second Edition).John Wiley&Sons Ltd,1～419.
Owen G,Moretti M,Alfaro P.2011.Recognising triggers for soft-sediment deformation:Current understanding and future directions.Sedimentary Geology,235(3～4):133～140.
Su Dechen,Qiao Xiufu,Sun Aiping,Li Haibing,Somerville I D.2013.Large earthquake-triggered liquefaction mounds and a carbonate sand volcano in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation,Beijing,North China.Geology Journal,DOI:10.1002/gj.2501.
Zheng Yongfei,Wang Zhengrong,Li Shuguang,Zhao Zifu.2002.Oxygen isotope equilibrium between eclogite minerals and its constraints on mineral Sm-Nd chronometer.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,66(4):625～634.
Zheng Yongfei,Zhao Zifu,Li Shuguang,Gong Bing.2003.Oxygen isotope equilibrium ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic minerals and its constraints on Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr chronometers.Geol Soc Spec Publ,220 :93～117.
Zhu Guang,Liu Guosheng,Niu Manlan,Xie Chenglong,Wang Yongsheng,Xiang Biwei.2009.Syn-collisional transform faulting of the Tan-Lu fault zone,east China.International Journal of Earth Sciences(Geol.Rundsch),98(1):135～155.
(1)董晓朋,吕洪波,张海春,王俊,张素菁,张星,黄振才,舒云超.2012.山东灵山岛早白垩世复理石及软沉积物变形构造初探.见:第十二届全国古地理学及沉积学学术会议论文摘要集.327 ~330.
(2)张星,吕洪波,张海春,王俊,张素菁,董晓朋,黄振才,舒云超.2012.山东胶南灵山岛早白垩世磨拉石地质意义初探.见:第十二届全国古地理学及沉积学学术会议论文摘要集.159~160.
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