WFSD地应力台应变特征及其同震效应分析——以日本MW9.0级特大地震为例
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摘要
2011年3月11日在日本东北部海域发生MW 9.0级强烈地震,汶川地震断裂带科学钻探(WFSD)项目设在陕西汉中地区的体应变仪记录到了完整的应变数据。通过采集数据的分析,探讨了日本MW 9.0级特大地震发生时的同震变化以及地震前后固体潮异常变化过程,分析了地震孕育、发生过程中应变固体潮的趋势性异常及畸变等各种异常现象,并针对这些应变异常进行分析,以期成果能为中国未来地震趋势的预测研究有所帮助。
The MW9.0 earthquake occurred in the northeastern Sea of Japan,on March 11,2011.The volume strain meter in Wenchuan earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling(WFSD) recorded a complete response waveform at Hanzhong Prefecture,Shaanxi Province.By analyzing acquired data,some issues are studied and discussed by authors that including co-seismic changes of the whole process of MW9.0 mega-earthquake in Japan,the abnormal strain changes of solid tide prior to that earthquake and after,and the emerging process of that earthquake.Per this paper,the strain anomalies of the MW9.0 earthquake in Japan are analyzed in order to contribute to better forecast earthquake trends in China the future.
The MW9.0 earthquake occurred in the northeastern Sea of Japan,on March 11,2011.The volume strain meter in Wenchuan earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling(WFSD) recorded a complete response waveform at Hanzhong Prefecture,Shaanxi Province.By analyzing acquired data,some issues are studied and discussed by authors that including co-seismic changes of the whole process of MW9.0 mega-earthquake in Japan,the abnormal strain changes of solid tide prior to that earthquake and after,and the emerging process of that earthquake.Per this paper,the strain anomalies of the MW9.0 earthquake in Japan are analyzed in order to contribute to better forecast earthquake trends in China the future.
引文
[1]杨国华,李延兴,韩月萍,等.由GPS观测结果推导中国大陆现今水平应变场[J].地震学报,2002,24(4):337～347.YANG Guo-hua,LI Yan-xing,HAN Yue-ping,et al.Current horizontal strain field in Chinese Mainland derived from GPSdata[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(4):337～347.
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[3]高锡铭,殷志山,王威中,等.固体潮应力张量对地震的触发作用[J].地震学报,1981,3(3):264～275.GAO Xi-ming,YIN Zhi-shan,WANG Wei-zhong,et al.Triggering of earthquakes by the tidal stress tensor[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,1981,3(3):264～275.
[4]彭华,马秀敏,姜景捷.山丹地应力监测站体应变仪的地震效应[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):97～108.PENG Hua,MA Xiu-min,JIANG Jing-jie.Analysis of the volume strain data from the Shandan in-situ stress MonitoringStation[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):97～108.
[5]Lowry A R,Hamburger M W,Meertens C M,et al.GPS monitoring of crustal deformation at Taal Volcano,Philippines[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,2001,105(1～2):35～47.
[6]Langbein J.Computer algorithm for analyzing and processing borehole strain meter data[J].Computers&Geosciences,2010,36(5):611～619.
[7]Bernard P,Boudin F,Sacks S,et al.Continuous strain and tilt monitoring on the Trizonia Island,Rift of Corinth,GreeceMesures continues de déformation et d'inclinaison dans l'le de Trizonia(golfe de Corinthe,Grèce)[J].Comptes RendusGeosciences,2004,36(4～5):313～323.
[8]Karmaleeva R M,Latynina L A.Tectonic crustal movements based on strain data[J].Journal of Geodynamics,1992,15(3～4):201～207.
[9]Vadim Milyukov,Alexander Kopaev,Vladimir Zharov,et al.Monitoring crustal deformations in the Northern Caucasususing a high precision long base laser strain meter and the GPS/GLONASS network[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2010,49(3～4):216～223.
[10]彭华,吴珍汉,马秀敏.青藏铁路无人值守地应力综合监测站[J].地质力学学报,2006,12(1):96～104.PENG Hua,WU Zhen-han,MA Xiu-min.Unmanned in situ stress monitoring stations along the Qinghai-Tibet railway[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2006,12(1):96～104.
[11]Gladwin M T.High precision multi-component borehole deformation monitoring[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,1984,55(12):2011～2016.
[12]Moro G D,Garavaglia M,Zadro M.Tilt-strain measurements in the NE Italy seismic area:Precursor analysis andatmospheric noise effects[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Part A:Solid Earth and Geodesy,2000,25(3):271～276.
[13]Moro G D,Zadro M.Remarkable tilt-strain anomalies preceding two seismic events in Friuli(NE Italy):Theirinterpretation as precursors[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1999,170(1～2):119～129.
[14]Johnston M J S,Linde A T,Agnew D C.Continuous borehole strain in the San Andreas Fault zone before,during,and afterthe 28 June 1992,MW 7.3 Landers,California,earthquake[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,1994,84(3):799～805.
[15]Zadro M,Braitenberg C.Measurements and interpretations of tilt-strain gauges in seismically active areas[J].Earth-Science Reviews,1999,47(3～4):151～187.
[16]Goulty N R.Strainmeters and tiltmeters in geophysics[J].Tectonophysics,1976,34(3～4):245～256.
[17]Okubo M,Ishii H,Yamauchi T.The 2003 Yocachioki Earthquake,observed by borehole strainmete array:Comparison withbroad band seismogram,Zisi 2[J].Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan,2004,57:105～113.
[18]Bilham R G,Beavan R J.Strains and tilts on crustal blocks[J].Tectonophysics,1979,52(1～4):121～138.
[19]Seiichi Shimada,Shoji Sakata,Shin'ichi Noguchi.Co-seismic strain steps observed by three-component boreholestrainmeters[J].Tectonophysics,1987,144(1～3):207～214.
[20]彭华,马秀敏,姜景捷.龙门山北端青川断层附近应力测量与断层稳定性[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):114～130.PENG Hua,MA Xiu-min,JIANG Jing-jie.Stability and stress measurement near the Qingchuan fault in the northernLongmen Mountains[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):114～130.
[21]谭成轩,孙叶,吴树仁,等.“5.12”汶川MS 8.0大地震后关于我国区域地壳稳定性评价的思考[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):142～150.TAN Cheng-xuan,SUN Ye,WU Shu-ren,et al.A consideration on regional crustal stability assessment after Ms 8.0Wenchuan strong earthquake in China[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):142～150.
[22]王连捷,周春景,孙东生,等.汶川5.12地震引起的库仑应力变化及其对周边地震活动的影响[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(3):193～200.WANG Lian-jie,ZHOU Chun-jing,SUN Dong-sheng,et al.Coulomb stress changes caused by Wenchuan earthquake andits influence on seismic activity in the adjacent area[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(3):193～200.
[23]王连捷,崔军文,周春景,等.汶川5.12地震发震机理的数值模拟[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):105～113.WANG Lian-jie,CUI Jun-wen,ZHOU Chun-jing,et al.Numerical modeling for Wenchuan earthquake mechanism[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):105～113.
[24]许志琴,李海兵,吴忠良.汶川地震和科学钻探[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1613～1622.XU Zhi-qin,LI Hai-bing,WU Zhong-liang.Wenchuan earthquake and scientific drilling[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12):1613～1622.
[25]姚鑫,张永双.基于差分干涉雷达的汶川地震同震形变特点[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):151～161.YAO Xin,ZHANG Yong-shuang.Co-seismic Deformation of“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake based on D-INSAR[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):151～161.
[26]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川5.12地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):110～116.ZHANG Yong-shuang,LEI Wei-zhi,SHI Ju-song,et al.General characteristics of 5.12 earthquake induced geo-hazards inSichuan[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):110～116.
[27]张永双,石菊松,孙萍,等.汶川地震内外动力耦合及灾害实例[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):131～141.ZHANG Yong-shuang,SHI Ju-shong,SUN Ping,et al.Coupling between endogenic and exogenic geological processes inthe Wenchuan earthquake and example analysis of geo-hazards[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):131～141.
[28]卢双苓,李峰,王强.泰安地震台钻孔应变固体潮畸变的分析探讨[J].华北地震科学,2008,26(2):49～64.LU Shuang-ling,LI Feng,WANG Qiang.Analysis on the aberrance of solid tide from borehole strain in Taian Seismostation[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,2008,26(2):49～64.
[29]苏其辉,段燕飞,胡毅力.固体潮观测资料平滑处理方法的研究[J].地壳形变与地震,1993,13(4):41～44.SU Qi-hui,DUAN Yan-fei,HU Yi-li.Method to smooth earth tide observation[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1993,13(4):41～44.
[30]王梅,牛安福,刘希强.日本7级以上双震前泰安台伸缩仪固体潮畸变[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(4):69～74.WANG Mei,NIU An-fu,LIU Xi-qiang.Earth tide distortion recorded by tens meter at Tai-an seismostation before strongdouble earthquakes in Japan[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2006,26(4):69～74.
[31]Benioff H,Press F,Smith S.Excitation of the free oscillations of the earth by earthquakes[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1961,66(2):605～619.
[32]邱泽华,马瑾,池顺良,等.钻孔差应变仪观测的苏门答腊大地震激发的地球环型自由振荡[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3):797～805.QIU Ze-Hua,MA Jin,CHI Shun-Liang,et al.Earth's free torsional oscillations of the great Sumatra earthquake observedwith borehole shear strainmeter[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(3):797～805.
[33]万永革,周公威,郭燕平.中国数字地震台网记录的昆仑山口西地震的球型自由振荡[J].地震,2005,25(1):31～40.WAN Yong-ge,ZHOU Gong-wei,GUO Yan-ping.Spherical mode of the earth free oscillation excitated by the earthquake inthe west to the Kunlun mountain pass recorded by China digital seismograph network[J].Earthquake,2005,25(1):31～40.
①石井紘.新钻孔地壳活动综合观测装置的开发和观测[R].东浓地震科学研究所报告,2001,(6):5～10.
[2]王琪,张培震,牛之俊,等.中国大陆现今地壳运动和构造变形[J].中国科学:D辑,2001,31(7):529～536.WANG Qi,ZHANG Pei-zhen,NIU Zhi-jun,et al.Current crustal movement and tectonic deformation in China[J].Science in China:Series D,2001,31(7):529～536.
[3]高锡铭,殷志山,王威中,等.固体潮应力张量对地震的触发作用[J].地震学报,1981,3(3):264～275.GAO Xi-ming,YIN Zhi-shan,WANG Wei-zhong,et al.Triggering of earthquakes by the tidal stress tensor[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,1981,3(3):264～275.
[4]彭华,马秀敏,姜景捷.山丹地应力监测站体应变仪的地震效应[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):97～108.PENG Hua,MA Xiu-min,JIANG Jing-jie.Analysis of the volume strain data from the Shandan in-situ stress MonitoringStation[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):97～108.
[5]Lowry A R,Hamburger M W,Meertens C M,et al.GPS monitoring of crustal deformation at Taal Volcano,Philippines[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,2001,105(1～2):35～47.
[6]Langbein J.Computer algorithm for analyzing and processing borehole strain meter data[J].Computers&Geosciences,2010,36(5):611～619.
[7]Bernard P,Boudin F,Sacks S,et al.Continuous strain and tilt monitoring on the Trizonia Island,Rift of Corinth,GreeceMesures continues de déformation et d'inclinaison dans l'le de Trizonia(golfe de Corinthe,Grèce)[J].Comptes RendusGeosciences,2004,36(4～5):313～323.
[8]Karmaleeva R M,Latynina L A.Tectonic crustal movements based on strain data[J].Journal of Geodynamics,1992,15(3～4):201～207.
[9]Vadim Milyukov,Alexander Kopaev,Vladimir Zharov,et al.Monitoring crustal deformations in the Northern Caucasususing a high precision long base laser strain meter and the GPS/GLONASS network[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2010,49(3～4):216～223.
[10]彭华,吴珍汉,马秀敏.青藏铁路无人值守地应力综合监测站[J].地质力学学报,2006,12(1):96～104.PENG Hua,WU Zhen-han,MA Xiu-min.Unmanned in situ stress monitoring stations along the Qinghai-Tibet railway[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2006,12(1):96～104.
[11]Gladwin M T.High precision multi-component borehole deformation monitoring[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,1984,55(12):2011～2016.
[12]Moro G D,Garavaglia M,Zadro M.Tilt-strain measurements in the NE Italy seismic area:Precursor analysis andatmospheric noise effects[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Part A:Solid Earth and Geodesy,2000,25(3):271～276.
[13]Moro G D,Zadro M.Remarkable tilt-strain anomalies preceding two seismic events in Friuli(NE Italy):Theirinterpretation as precursors[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1999,170(1～2):119～129.
[14]Johnston M J S,Linde A T,Agnew D C.Continuous borehole strain in the San Andreas Fault zone before,during,and afterthe 28 June 1992,MW 7.3 Landers,California,earthquake[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of America,1994,84(3):799～805.
[15]Zadro M,Braitenberg C.Measurements and interpretations of tilt-strain gauges in seismically active areas[J].Earth-Science Reviews,1999,47(3～4):151～187.
[16]Goulty N R.Strainmeters and tiltmeters in geophysics[J].Tectonophysics,1976,34(3～4):245～256.
[17]Okubo M,Ishii H,Yamauchi T.The 2003 Yocachioki Earthquake,observed by borehole strainmete array:Comparison withbroad band seismogram,Zisi 2[J].Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan,2004,57:105～113.
[18]Bilham R G,Beavan R J.Strains and tilts on crustal blocks[J].Tectonophysics,1979,52(1～4):121～138.
[19]Seiichi Shimada,Shoji Sakata,Shin'ichi Noguchi.Co-seismic strain steps observed by three-component boreholestrainmeters[J].Tectonophysics,1987,144(1～3):207～214.
[20]彭华,马秀敏,姜景捷.龙门山北端青川断层附近应力测量与断层稳定性[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):114～130.PENG Hua,MA Xiu-min,JIANG Jing-jie.Stability and stress measurement near the Qingchuan fault in the northernLongmen Mountains[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):114～130.
[21]谭成轩,孙叶,吴树仁,等.“5.12”汶川MS 8.0大地震后关于我国区域地壳稳定性评价的思考[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):142～150.TAN Cheng-xuan,SUN Ye,WU Shu-ren,et al.A consideration on regional crustal stability assessment after Ms 8.0Wenchuan strong earthquake in China[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):142～150.
[22]王连捷,周春景,孙东生,等.汶川5.12地震引起的库仑应力变化及其对周边地震活动的影响[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(3):193～200.WANG Lian-jie,ZHOU Chun-jing,SUN Dong-sheng,et al.Coulomb stress changes caused by Wenchuan earthquake andits influence on seismic activity in the adjacent area[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(3):193～200.
[23]王连捷,崔军文,周春景,等.汶川5.12地震发震机理的数值模拟[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):105～113.WANG Lian-jie,CUI Jun-wen,ZHOU Chun-jing,et al.Numerical modeling for Wenchuan earthquake mechanism[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):105～113.
[24]许志琴,李海兵,吴忠良.汶川地震和科学钻探[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1613～1622.XU Zhi-qin,LI Hai-bing,WU Zhong-liang.Wenchuan earthquake and scientific drilling[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12):1613～1622.
[25]姚鑫,张永双.基于差分干涉雷达的汶川地震同震形变特点[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):151～161.YAO Xin,ZHANG Yong-shuang.Co-seismic Deformation of“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake based on D-INSAR[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):151～161.
[26]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川5.12地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):110～116.ZHANG Yong-shuang,LEI Wei-zhi,SHI Ju-song,et al.General characteristics of 5.12 earthquake induced geo-hazards inSichuan[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):110～116.
[27]张永双,石菊松,孙萍,等.汶川地震内外动力耦合及灾害实例[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):131～141.ZHANG Yong-shuang,SHI Ju-shong,SUN Ping,et al.Coupling between endogenic and exogenic geological processes inthe Wenchuan earthquake and example analysis of geo-hazards[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):131～141.
[28]卢双苓,李峰,王强.泰安地震台钻孔应变固体潮畸变的分析探讨[J].华北地震科学,2008,26(2):49～64.LU Shuang-ling,LI Feng,WANG Qiang.Analysis on the aberrance of solid tide from borehole strain in Taian Seismostation[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,2008,26(2):49～64.
[29]苏其辉,段燕飞,胡毅力.固体潮观测资料平滑处理方法的研究[J].地壳形变与地震,1993,13(4):41～44.SU Qi-hui,DUAN Yan-fei,HU Yi-li.Method to smooth earth tide observation[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1993,13(4):41～44.
[30]王梅,牛安福,刘希强.日本7级以上双震前泰安台伸缩仪固体潮畸变[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(4):69～74.WANG Mei,NIU An-fu,LIU Xi-qiang.Earth tide distortion recorded by tens meter at Tai-an seismostation before strongdouble earthquakes in Japan[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2006,26(4):69～74.
[31]Benioff H,Press F,Smith S.Excitation of the free oscillations of the earth by earthquakes[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1961,66(2):605～619.
[32]邱泽华,马瑾,池顺良,等.钻孔差应变仪观测的苏门答腊大地震激发的地球环型自由振荡[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3):797～805.QIU Ze-Hua,MA Jin,CHI Shun-Liang,et al.Earth's free torsional oscillations of the great Sumatra earthquake observedwith borehole shear strainmeter[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(3):797～805.
[33]万永革,周公威,郭燕平.中国数字地震台网记录的昆仑山口西地震的球型自由振荡[J].地震,2005,25(1):31～40.WAN Yong-ge,ZHOU Gong-wei,GUO Yan-ping.Spherical mode of the earth free oscillation excitated by the earthquake inthe west to the Kunlun mountain pass recorded by China digital seismograph network[J].Earthquake,2005,25(1):31～40.
①石井紘.新钻孔地壳活动综合观测装置的开发和观测[R].东浓地震科学研究所报告,2001,(6):5～10.
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