信噪比谱约束的自适应谱模拟反褶积方法研究
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摘要
反褶积是提高地震资料分辨率的重要方法,子波估计与反褶积算子设计是反褶积方法的两个重要方面.本文在分析谱模拟法与自相关法各自特点的基础上,将两种方法的优势相结合,提出了自适应谱模拟方法,提高了谱模拟方法的适应性和准确性.在反褶积算子计算过程中对误差能量进行加权,减少了反褶积过程中处理噪音的产生,同时引入信噪比谱约束,以达到保证信噪比的前提下合理提升地震资料分辨率的目的.
The deconvolution is an important method of improving the resolution of seismic data.There are two important aspects in deconvolution,including the wavelet estimation and deconvolution operator designing.Based on the analysis of the characteristics of spectral modeling method and autocorrelation method,we propose a method of adaptive spectral modeling which combine the advantages of the two methods to improve the adaptability and accuracy of the spectral modeling method.Weighting the error energy in the process of deconvolution operator designing can reduce the noise in the deconvolution process.At the same time,the introduction of the constraints of signal to noise ratio(SNR) spectrum can improve the resolution and ensure the premise of SNR of seismic data.
The deconvolution is an important method of improving the resolution of seismic data.There are two important aspects in deconvolution,including the wavelet estimation and deconvolution operator designing.Based on the analysis of the characteristics of spectral modeling method and autocorrelation method,we propose a method of adaptive spectral modeling which combine the advantages of the two methods to improve the adaptability and accuracy of the spectral modeling method.Weighting the error energy in the process of deconvolution operator designing can reduce the noise in the deconvolution process.At the same time,the introduction of the constraints of signal to noise ratio(SNR) spectrum can improve the resolution and ensure the premise of SNR of seismic data.
引文
[1]戴永寿,彭星,牛慧.一种基于信息反馈的高精度地震子波提取方法[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(3):1004-1009.Dai Y S,Peng X,Niu H.Research on high precision seismicwavelet estimation based on information feedback[J].Progressin Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,26(3):1004-1009.
[2]吴庆举,李永华,张瑞青,等.用多道反褶积方法测定台站接收函数[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3):791-796.Wu Q J,Li Y H,Zhang R Q,et al.Receiver functionestimated by multi-channel deconvolution[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):791-796.
[3]李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892-898.Li H B,Zhao W Z,Cao H,et al.Characteristics of seismicattenuation of gas reservoirs in wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):892-898.
[4]董敏煜,王振华.地震资料自适应时变卡尔曼反褶积[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(2):248-258.Dong M Y,Wang Z H.Adaptive time-variable deconvolutionfor seismic data using Kalman predictor model[J].ActaGeophysica Sinica(Chinese J.Geophys.)(in Chinese),1991,34(2):248-258.
[5]李凤林,王承曙,徐伯勋,等.LP模反褶积及其在地震勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1990,33(5):585-592.Li F L,Wang C S,Xu B X,et al.LPnorm deconvolution andapplication to seismic prospecting[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(Chinese J.Geophys.)(in Chinese),1990,33(5):585-592.
[6]安西峰,刘平,张旭.地表一致性反褶积在地震勘探中的应用及效果[J].地球物理学进展.2010,25(6):2125-2129.An S F,Liu P,Zhang X.Application of surface consistentdeconvolution to seismic prospecting and its effect[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,25(6):2125-2129.
[7]蔡连芳,田学民.基于PSO的地震盲反褶积[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(3):1116-1122.Cai L F,Tian X M.A blind seismic deconvolution methodbased on Particle Swarm Optimization[J].Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2012,27(3):1116-1122.
[8]王嘉松,曹桂荣.分形脉冲反褶积方法[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(1):99-108.Wang J S,Cao G R.The method of fractal impulsedeconvolution[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(Chinese J.Geophys.)(in Chinese),1998,41(1):99-108.
[9]陈宝书,梅金顺,王润秋.褶积与反褶积的一种计算方法[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):501-506.Chen B S,Mei J S,Wang R Q.A new convolutional anddeconvolutional method[J].Progress in Geophys.(inChinese),2009,24(2):501-506.
[10]高静怀,满蔚仕,陈树民.广义S变换域有色噪声与信号识别方法[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):869-875.Gao J H,Man W S,Chen S M.Recognition of signals fromcolored noise background in generalized S-transformationdomain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):869-875.
[11]高静怀,张明,张兵.一种改进的基于互信息率的盲反褶积方法[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(2):540-548.Gao J H,Zhang M,Zhang B.An improved blinddeconvolution based on mutual information rate[J].Progressin Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,26(2):540-548.
[12]李海山,吴国忱,印兴耀.基于广义高斯分布的地震盲反褶积方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(3):939-944.Li H S,Wu G C,Yin X Y.Seismic blind deconvolutionmethod based on generalized Gaussian distribution[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,27(3):0936-0944.
[13]Rosa A L R,Ulrych T J.Processing via spectral modeling[J].Geophysics,1991,56(8):1244-1251.
[14]赵波,俞寿朋,聂勋碧,等.谱模拟反褶积方法及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(1):101-116.Zhao B,Yu S P,Nie X B,et al.Spectral-modeleddeconvolution and its application[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),1996,31(1):101-116.
[15]孙成禹.谱模拟方法及其在提高地震资料分辨率中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(1):27-35.Sun C Y.Spectrum modeling method and its application toseismic resolution improvement[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2000,35(1):27-35.
[16]李鲲鹏,李衍达,张学工等.基于谱模拟技术的混合相位地震子波估计方法[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):21-28.Li K P,Li Y D,Zhang X G,et al.The mixod-phase waveletestimate method based on spectral modeling[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2001,40(2):21-28.
[17]伊振林,王润秋.一种新的混合相位反褶积方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):266-270.Yi Z L,Wang R Q.A new mixed phase deconvolutionmethod[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2006,41(3):266-270.
[18]Tang B W,Zhao B,Wu Y H,et al.An improved spectralmodeling deconvolution[C].80th Annual InternationalMeeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2010,29:3668-3671.
[19]王承曙,张裕平.自适应的最小平方反褶积及在地震勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1987,30(3):307-317.Wang C S,Zhang Y P.Adaptive least square deconvolutionand application to seismic prospecting[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1987,30(3):307-317.
[20]高静怀,汪玲玲,赵伟.基于反射地震记录变子波模型提高地震记录分辨率[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1289-1300.Gao J H,Wang L L,Zhao W.Enhancing resolution ofseismic traces based on the changing wavelet model of theseismogram[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1289-1300.
[21]董恩清,刘贵忠,张宗平.自适应Kalman滤波反褶积的快速实现方法[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2):255-262.Dong E Q,Liu G Z,Zhang Z P.Fast implementationtechnique of adaptive kalman filtering deconvolution viadyadic wavelet transform[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2001,44(2):255-262.
[22]章珂,刘贵忠.用遗传算法实现地震信号反褶积[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(4):550-560.Zhang K,Liu G Z.Deconvolution of seismic signal usinggenetic algorithms[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,40(4):550-560.
[23]章柯,李衍达,刘贵忠,等.多分辨率地震信号反褶积[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(4):529-535.Zhang K,Li Y D,Liu G Z,et al.Multiresolution seismicsignal deconvolution[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(4):529-535.
[24]Luis T.Modeling non-Gaussian reflectivities:GeneralizingWiener-Levinson deconvolution[J].Geophysics,2001,66(6):1913-1920.
[25]Berkhout A J.Least-squares inverse filtering and waveletdeconvolution[J].Geophysics,1977,42(7):1369-1383.
[26]George E,Juliette W.Iterative deconvolution[J].Geophysics,1984,48(9):1287-1290.
[27]Murali R,George E L.Autocorrelation estimation usingconstrained iterative spectral deconvolution[J].Geophysics,1989,54(3):381-391.
[28]Robinson E A,Treitel S.Principles of digital Wiener filtering[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1967,15(3):311-332.
[29]Gerand J E,Mark E O,Sutton G H.Deconvolution andspectral estimation using final prediction error[J].Geophysics,1975,40(3):411-425.
[30]Treitel S,Lines L R.Linear inverse theory and deconvolution[J].Geophysics,1982,47(8):1153-1159.
[31]Kenneth P B,Nemeth T.Fast line searches for the robustsolution of linear systems in the hybrid L1/L2and Hubernorms[J].Geophysics,2007,72(2):A13-A17.
[32]Danilo R V.Stochastic sparse-spike deconvolution[J].Geophysics,2008,73(1):P.R1-P.R9.
[33]张军华,藏胜涛,周振晓,等.地震资料信噪比定量计算及方法比较[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(4):481-486.Zhang J H,Zang S T,Zhou Z X,et al.Quantitativecomputation and comparison of S/N ratio in seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2009,44(4):481-486.
[34]李庆忠.从信噪比谱分析看滤波及反褶积的效果——频率域信噪比与分辨率的研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1986,21(6):575-601.Li Q Z.The evaluation of filtering and deconvolution effectsby S/N spectrum analysis-A study of S/N ratio and resolutionin frequency domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),1986,21(6):575-601.
[2]吴庆举,李永华,张瑞青,等.用多道反褶积方法测定台站接收函数[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3):791-796.Wu Q J,Li Y H,Zhang R Q,et al.Receiver functionestimated by multi-channel deconvolution[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):791-796.
[3]李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892-898.Li H B,Zhao W Z,Cao H,et al.Characteristics of seismicattenuation of gas reservoirs in wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):892-898.
[4]董敏煜,王振华.地震资料自适应时变卡尔曼反褶积[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(2):248-258.Dong M Y,Wang Z H.Adaptive time-variable deconvolutionfor seismic data using Kalman predictor model[J].ActaGeophysica Sinica(Chinese J.Geophys.)(in Chinese),1991,34(2):248-258.
[5]李凤林,王承曙,徐伯勋,等.LP模反褶积及其在地震勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1990,33(5):585-592.Li F L,Wang C S,Xu B X,et al.LPnorm deconvolution andapplication to seismic prospecting[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(Chinese J.Geophys.)(in Chinese),1990,33(5):585-592.
[6]安西峰,刘平,张旭.地表一致性反褶积在地震勘探中的应用及效果[J].地球物理学进展.2010,25(6):2125-2129.An S F,Liu P,Zhang X.Application of surface consistentdeconvolution to seismic prospecting and its effect[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,25(6):2125-2129.
[7]蔡连芳,田学民.基于PSO的地震盲反褶积[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(3):1116-1122.Cai L F,Tian X M.A blind seismic deconvolution methodbased on Particle Swarm Optimization[J].Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2012,27(3):1116-1122.
[8]王嘉松,曹桂荣.分形脉冲反褶积方法[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(1):99-108.Wang J S,Cao G R.The method of fractal impulsedeconvolution[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(Chinese J.Geophys.)(in Chinese),1998,41(1):99-108.
[9]陈宝书,梅金顺,王润秋.褶积与反褶积的一种计算方法[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):501-506.Chen B S,Mei J S,Wang R Q.A new convolutional anddeconvolutional method[J].Progress in Geophys.(inChinese),2009,24(2):501-506.
[10]高静怀,满蔚仕,陈树民.广义S变换域有色噪声与信号识别方法[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):869-875.Gao J H,Man W S,Chen S M.Recognition of signals fromcolored noise background in generalized S-transformationdomain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):869-875.
[11]高静怀,张明,张兵.一种改进的基于互信息率的盲反褶积方法[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(2):540-548.Gao J H,Zhang M,Zhang B.An improved blinddeconvolution based on mutual information rate[J].Progressin Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,26(2):540-548.
[12]李海山,吴国忱,印兴耀.基于广义高斯分布的地震盲反褶积方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(3):939-944.Li H S,Wu G C,Yin X Y.Seismic blind deconvolutionmethod based on generalized Gaussian distribution[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,27(3):0936-0944.
[13]Rosa A L R,Ulrych T J.Processing via spectral modeling[J].Geophysics,1991,56(8):1244-1251.
[14]赵波,俞寿朋,聂勋碧,等.谱模拟反褶积方法及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(1):101-116.Zhao B,Yu S P,Nie X B,et al.Spectral-modeleddeconvolution and its application[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),1996,31(1):101-116.
[15]孙成禹.谱模拟方法及其在提高地震资料分辨率中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(1):27-35.Sun C Y.Spectrum modeling method and its application toseismic resolution improvement[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2000,35(1):27-35.
[16]李鲲鹏,李衍达,张学工等.基于谱模拟技术的混合相位地震子波估计方法[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):21-28.Li K P,Li Y D,Zhang X G,et al.The mixod-phase waveletestimate method based on spectral modeling[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2001,40(2):21-28.
[17]伊振林,王润秋.一种新的混合相位反褶积方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):266-270.Yi Z L,Wang R Q.A new mixed phase deconvolutionmethod[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2006,41(3):266-270.
[18]Tang B W,Zhao B,Wu Y H,et al.An improved spectralmodeling deconvolution[C].80th Annual InternationalMeeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2010,29:3668-3671.
[19]王承曙,张裕平.自适应的最小平方反褶积及在地震勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1987,30(3):307-317.Wang C S,Zhang Y P.Adaptive least square deconvolutionand application to seismic prospecting[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1987,30(3):307-317.
[20]高静怀,汪玲玲,赵伟.基于反射地震记录变子波模型提高地震记录分辨率[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1289-1300.Gao J H,Wang L L,Zhao W.Enhancing resolution ofseismic traces based on the changing wavelet model of theseismogram[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1289-1300.
[21]董恩清,刘贵忠,张宗平.自适应Kalman滤波反褶积的快速实现方法[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2):255-262.Dong E Q,Liu G Z,Zhang Z P.Fast implementationtechnique of adaptive kalman filtering deconvolution viadyadic wavelet transform[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2001,44(2):255-262.
[22]章珂,刘贵忠.用遗传算法实现地震信号反褶积[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(4):550-560.Zhang K,Liu G Z.Deconvolution of seismic signal usinggenetic algorithms[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,40(4):550-560.
[23]章柯,李衍达,刘贵忠,等.多分辨率地震信号反褶积[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(4):529-535.Zhang K,Li Y D,Liu G Z,et al.Multiresolution seismicsignal deconvolution[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(4):529-535.
[24]Luis T.Modeling non-Gaussian reflectivities:GeneralizingWiener-Levinson deconvolution[J].Geophysics,2001,66(6):1913-1920.
[25]Berkhout A J.Least-squares inverse filtering and waveletdeconvolution[J].Geophysics,1977,42(7):1369-1383.
[26]George E,Juliette W.Iterative deconvolution[J].Geophysics,1984,48(9):1287-1290.
[27]Murali R,George E L.Autocorrelation estimation usingconstrained iterative spectral deconvolution[J].Geophysics,1989,54(3):381-391.
[28]Robinson E A,Treitel S.Principles of digital Wiener filtering[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1967,15(3):311-332.
[29]Gerand J E,Mark E O,Sutton G H.Deconvolution andspectral estimation using final prediction error[J].Geophysics,1975,40(3):411-425.
[30]Treitel S,Lines L R.Linear inverse theory and deconvolution[J].Geophysics,1982,47(8):1153-1159.
[31]Kenneth P B,Nemeth T.Fast line searches for the robustsolution of linear systems in the hybrid L1/L2and Hubernorms[J].Geophysics,2007,72(2):A13-A17.
[32]Danilo R V.Stochastic sparse-spike deconvolution[J].Geophysics,2008,73(1):P.R1-P.R9.
[33]张军华,藏胜涛,周振晓,等.地震资料信噪比定量计算及方法比较[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(4):481-486.Zhang J H,Zang S T,Zhou Z X,et al.Quantitativecomputation and comparison of S/N ratio in seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2009,44(4):481-486.
[34]李庆忠.从信噪比谱分析看滤波及反褶积的效果——频率域信噪比与分辨率的研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1986,21(6):575-601.Li Q Z.The evaluation of filtering and deconvolution effectsby S/N spectrum analysis-A study of S/N ratio and resolutionin frequency domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),1986,21(6):575-601.
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