板桥凹陷同沉积断层主控的滩坝砂体沉积机制与分布样式
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摘要
根据测井、地震、岩心等资料,以板桥凹陷沙二段为例,对不同区块滩坝砂体的沉积特征进行对比,在此基础上对滩坝的形成机制和分布规律进行研究。结果表明:板桥凹陷沙二段滩坝储层中单砂体平均厚度大于10 m,累积厚度可接近100 m,除了熟知的粉、细砂岩外,还有许多砾质组分;同沉积断层的活动造成凹陷内部不同断块的滩坝砂体在岩性、岩矿、粒度和沉积构造等方面都具有明显的差异性,从根本上控制了滩坝砂体的沉积机制和分布规律;以同沉积断层为主控因素的滩坝沉积存在两种分布模式,即断层下降盘原地式连续型滩坝沉积和断层上升盘错叠式间歇型滩坝沉积;前者单砂体厚度大,内部夹层发育,以正旋回沉积为主,平面上"依附"同沉积断层下降盘分布;后者更多反映出反旋回相序特征,纵向上相互错叠,平面上呈"条带状"平行湖盆边缘展布。
The sedimentary characteristics of beach-bar sandbodies were compared among different fault-blocks of Es2 in Banqiao Sag using the seismic,logging and core data,and the formation mechanism and distribution pattern of beach-bar were studied.The results indicate that the reservoirs of Es2 in Banqiao Sag have single beach-bar sandbodies whose average thickness is higher than 10 m,and the cumulative thickness nearly reaches 100 m.In addition to siltstone and fine sandstone,there are also gravel deposits.The contemporaneous faults result in the differences in lithology,mineral,grain size and sedimentary tectonics between fault blocks,which fundamentally control the deposition mechanism and distribution regularity of beach-bar sandbodies.There are two kinds of distributary models of the beach-bar sediments where the contemporaneous fault is the main controlling factor: the autochthonous and continuous type of beach-bar deposition in down-throw side of the fault,and the staggered and intermittent type of beach-bar deposition in up-throw side of the fault.The former has thick single sandbody and well developed interlayers,generally presents a positive cycle,and horizontally adjoins the footwall of the contemporaneous fault.The latter shows more inverse cycle characteristics,has single sandbodies staggering with each other vertically,and has a banding distribution which runs parallel to the edge of the lake basin horizontally.
The sedimentary characteristics of beach-bar sandbodies were compared among different fault-blocks of Es2 in Banqiao Sag using the seismic,logging and core data,and the formation mechanism and distribution pattern of beach-bar were studied.The results indicate that the reservoirs of Es2 in Banqiao Sag have single beach-bar sandbodies whose average thickness is higher than 10 m,and the cumulative thickness nearly reaches 100 m.In addition to siltstone and fine sandstone,there are also gravel deposits.The contemporaneous faults result in the differences in lithology,mineral,grain size and sedimentary tectonics between fault blocks,which fundamentally control the deposition mechanism and distribution regularity of beach-bar sandbodies.There are two kinds of distributary models of the beach-bar sediments where the contemporaneous fault is the main controlling factor: the autochthonous and continuous type of beach-bar deposition in down-throw side of the fault,and the staggered and intermittent type of beach-bar deposition in up-throw side of the fault.The former has thick single sandbody and well developed interlayers,generally presents a positive cycle,and horizontally adjoins the footwall of the contemporaneous fault.The latter shows more inverse cycle characteristics,has single sandbodies staggering with each other vertically,and has a banding distribution which runs parallel to the edge of the lake basin horizontally.
引文
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[19]CHARVIN K,HANPSON G J,GALLAGHER K L,et al.Characterization of controls on high-resolution stratigraphic architecture in wave-dominated shoreface-shelf parasequences using inverse numerical modeling[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2011,81(5):562-578.
[20]石万忠,王振升,宋志峰,等.北大港潜山在沙三段沉积期的隆升状态及其对沉积物源的供给[J].大地构造与成矿学,2010,34(4):512-519.SHI Wanzhong,WANG Zhensheng,SONG Zhifeng,et al.Uplift and erosion of the Beidagang buried-hill dring the deposition of the third member of Shahejie Formation[J].Geotectonica&Metallogenia,2010,34(4):512-519.
[21]HOY R G,RIDGWAY K D.Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of fan-delta and river-delta depositional systems,Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation,Colorado[J].AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(7):1169-1191.
[2]CHRISTOPHER H,BRIAN G.Hydrodynamics and sediment transport within the inner surf zone of a lacustrine multiple-barred nearshore[J].Marine Geology,2005,218:37-63.
[3]COOPER J A G,SMITH A M,GREEN A N.Backbeach deflation aprons:morphology and sedimentology[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2013,83(5):395-405.
[4]纪友亮,卢欢,刘玉瑞.苏北盆地高邮凹陷古近系阜宁组一段浅水三角洲和滩坝沉积模式[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):729-740.JI Youliang,LU Huan,LIU Yurui.Sedimentary model of shallow water delta and beach bar in the Member 1 of Paleogene Funing Formation in Gaoyou Sag,Subei Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(5):729-740.
[5]BORER J M.High-resolution stratigraphy of the Green River Formation at Raven Ridge and Red Wash Field,NE Uinta Basin:facies and stratigraphic patterns in a highgradient high-energy lacustrine system[J].AAPG Annual Convention,2003(4):1197-1214.
[6]司学强,张金亮,杨子成.博兴洼陷沙四上亚段滩坝砂岩成岩作用及其与储层质量的关系[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,32(2):6-11.SI Xueqiang,ZHANG Jinliang,YANG Zicheng.Relation between beach bar sandstones diagenesis and reservoir quality in the upper Es4of the Palaeogene in Boxing Sag[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2008,32(2):6-11.
[7]谭丽娟,郭松.东营凹陷博兴油田沙四上亚段滩坝砂岩油气富集特征及成藏主控因素[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,35(2):25-31.TAN Lijuan,GUO Song.Hydrocarbon accumulation features and main controlling factors of beach bar sandstone in upper Es4Formation in Boxing Oilfield,Dongying Depression[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(2):25-31.
[8]王永诗,刘惠民,高永进,等.断陷湖盆滩坝砂体成因与成藏:以东营凹陷沙四上亚段为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):100-106.WANG Yongshi,LIU Huimin,GAO Yongjin,et al.Sandbody genesis and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of beach-bar reservoir in faulted lacustrine basins:a case study from the upper of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation,Dongying Sag[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(1):100-106.
[9]郭建卿,林承焰.频谱分析及地质模型反演新方法在滩坝砂沉积特征及发育模式研究中的应用[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(3):37-43.GUO Jianqing,LIN Chengyan.Application of new method of spectrum decomposition and seismic inversion in research of beach-bar sand sedimentary characteristics and development model[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2013,37(3):37-43.
[10]邓宏文,高晓鹏,赵宁,等.济阳坳陷北部断陷湖盆陆源碎屑滩坝成因类型、分布规律与成藏特征[J].古地理学报,2010,12(6):738-747.DENG Hongwen,GAO Xiaopeng,ZHAO Ning,et al.Genetic types,distribution patterns and hydrocarbon accumulation in terrigenous beach and bar in northern faulted-lacustrine-basin of Jiyang Depression[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2010,12(6):738-747.
[11]周丽清,邵德艳,房世瑜,等.板桥凹陷沙河街组滩坝砂体[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,9(4):351-355.ZHOU Liqing,SHAO Deyan,FANG Shiyu,et al.Beach and bars sandbodies of Shahejie Formation in Banqiao Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1998,19(4):351-355.
[12]杨勇强,邱隆伟,姜在兴,等.陆相断陷湖盆滩坝沉积模式:以东营凹陷古近系沙四上亚段为例[J].石油学报,2011,32(3):417-423.YANG Yongqiang,QIU Longwei,JIANG Zaixing,et al.A depositional pattern of beach-bar in continental rift lake basins:a case study on the upper part of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(3):417-423.
[13]操应长,王健,刘惠民,等.东营凹陷南坡沙四上亚段滩坝砂体的沉积特征及模式[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,23(6):5-10.CAO Yingchang,WANG Jian,LIU Huimin,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and models of beach-bar sandbody in the upper part of the fourth member of Paleogene in the south slope of Dongying Depression[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2009,23(6):5-10.
[14]商晓飞,侯加根,程远忠,等.厚层湖泊滩坝砂体成因机制探讨及地质意义:以板桥凹陷沙二段为例[J].地质学报,2014,88(9):1705-1718.SHANG Xiaofei,HOU Jiagen,CHENG Yuanzhong,et al.The formation mechanism of the thick layer lacustrine beach-bar and its geological implications:a case study of the member 2 of Shahejie Formation in Banqiao Sag[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(9):1705-1718.
[15]商晓飞,侯加根,刘钰铭,等.黄骅坳陷板桥地区湖相滩坝砂体内部隔(夹)层成因机制与分布样式[J].古地理学报,2014,16(5):581-596.SHANG Xiaofei,HOU Jiagen,LIU Yuming,et al.Genetic mechanism and distribution patterns of inter(inner)-layers in lacustrine beach-bar sand bodies in Banqiao area,Huanghua Depression[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2014,16(5):581-596.
[16]侯宇光,何生,王冰洁,等.板桥凹陷构造坡折带对层序和沉积体系的控制[J].石油学报,2010,31(5):754-760.HOU Yuguang,HE Sheng,WANG Bingjie,et al.Constraints by tectonic slope-break zones on sequences and depositional systems in the Banqiao Sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(5):754-760.
[17]宋璠,苏妮娜,侯加根,等.黄骅坳陷板桥油田板桥油层沉积特征及演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(6):915-922.SONG Fan,SU Nina,HOU Jiagen,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of the Banqiao reservoir in Banqiao Oilfield,Huanghua Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(6):915-922.
[18]刘东生,郑绵平,郭正堂.亚洲季风系统的起源和发展及其与两极冰盖和区域构造运动的时代耦合性[J].第四季研究,1998,18(3):194-204.LIU Dongsheng,ZHENG Mianping,GUO Zhengtang.Initiation and evolution of the Asian Monsoon system timely coupled with ice-sheet growth and tectonic movements in Asia[J].Quatemary Sciences,1998,18(3):194-204.
[19]CHARVIN K,HANPSON G J,GALLAGHER K L,et al.Characterization of controls on high-resolution stratigraphic architecture in wave-dominated shoreface-shelf parasequences using inverse numerical modeling[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2011,81(5):562-578.
[20]石万忠,王振升,宋志峰,等.北大港潜山在沙三段沉积期的隆升状态及其对沉积物源的供给[J].大地构造与成矿学,2010,34(4):512-519.SHI Wanzhong,WANG Zhensheng,SONG Zhifeng,et al.Uplift and erosion of the Beidagang buried-hill dring the deposition of the third member of Shahejie Formation[J].Geotectonica&Metallogenia,2010,34(4):512-519.
[21]HOY R G,RIDGWAY K D.Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of fan-delta and river-delta depositional systems,Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation,Colorado[J].AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(7):1169-1191.
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