相干技术及其在西沙周缘深水区油气勘探中的应用
|
摘要
近年来珠江口盆地南部深水区油气勘探不断取得重大突破,证实了该区油气地质条件优越。西沙周缘深水区与其同处于一个构造带上,具有相似的构造沉积演化史,类比推测西沙周缘深水区可能具有良好的油气勘探前景。文章在介绍相干技术的基础上,采用近年来西沙海域新采集的高分辨率地震资料对比各代相干算法的计算效果,并将相干技术应用于该区深水油气勘探工作中。1)相干技术对地震数据的不连续性十分敏感,可有效精确地识别断层。在相干切片上,断层走向清晰,相互切割关系明确。2)相干技术强调振幅加强和边缘检测,可用于深水水道的识别刻画。在相干切片上,水道的整体形态、曲流特征和侧向侵蚀特征清晰,水道边缘为不连续性条带。3)由于生物礁核部岩性较均一,地震响应特征相似,而礁体边缘部位的地震反射杂乱,因此可以利用相干技术突出不连续性的特点识别生物礁。4)火山岩内部与围岩地震响应特征差别明显,因此可利用相干技术识别火山岩体。在相干切片上火山岩发育区为明显的弱相干,且会出现以火山岩为中心向四周发散的放射状断层。
In recent years, significant breakthroughs of hydrocarbon exploration have been achieved in deepwater area off the southern Pearl River Mouth Basin. They helped to verify this area has a favorable geology condition for hydrocarbon.Deepwater area offshore off Xisha Island lies in the same structural belt as the deepwater area off the southern Pearl River Mouth Basin, and they have similar structure and sedimentary evolution history. Through analogy and geological research, the authors conclude that there is a good prospect for hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater area offshore off Xisha. Based on the coherence technology, results of different generations of the technology were compared with the high resolution seismic data acquired in recent years. The coherence technology was applied in hydrocarbon exploration in this deepwater area. First, the coherence technology is very sensitive to discontinuity in seismic data, and the faults can be effectively identified. On a coherence slice, the fault trend and the interaction cutting relation are very clear. Secondly, the coherence technology emphasizes amplitude strengthening and marginal detection and can be used in deepwater channel identification and description. On a coherence slice, the whole size of a channel, meandering characteristic, lateral erosion are distinct, and the edge of the channel appears as a discontinuity belt. Moreover, the core of the reef appears uniform(with similar seismic reflection characteristics); and seismic reflection clutter occurs at the edge of the reef. So, a reef can be identified by the coherence technology. Finally, there is an obvious difference between inner and outer layers of a volcanic rock. The coherence technology was applied to identify a volcanic rock. On a coherence slice, the volcanic rock developing area shows obvious weak coherence and there were radial-type faults in the core center of the volcanic rock.
In recent years, significant breakthroughs of hydrocarbon exploration have been achieved in deepwater area off the southern Pearl River Mouth Basin. They helped to verify this area has a favorable geology condition for hydrocarbon.Deepwater area offshore off Xisha Island lies in the same structural belt as the deepwater area off the southern Pearl River Mouth Basin, and they have similar structure and sedimentary evolution history. Through analogy and geological research, the authors conclude that there is a good prospect for hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater area offshore off Xisha. Based on the coherence technology, results of different generations of the technology were compared with the high resolution seismic data acquired in recent years. The coherence technology was applied in hydrocarbon exploration in this deepwater area. First, the coherence technology is very sensitive to discontinuity in seismic data, and the faults can be effectively identified. On a coherence slice, the fault trend and the interaction cutting relation are very clear. Secondly, the coherence technology emphasizes amplitude strengthening and marginal detection and can be used in deepwater channel identification and description. On a coherence slice, the whole size of a channel, meandering characteristic, lateral erosion are distinct, and the edge of the channel appears as a discontinuity belt. Moreover, the core of the reef appears uniform(with similar seismic reflection characteristics); and seismic reflection clutter occurs at the edge of the reef. So, a reef can be identified by the coherence technology. Finally, there is an obvious difference between inner and outer layers of a volcanic rock. The coherence technology was applied to identify a volcanic rock. On a coherence slice, the volcanic rock developing area shows obvious weak coherence and there were radial-type faults in the core center of the volcanic rock.
引文
[1]陆基孟,王永刚.地震勘探原理[M].北京:中国石油大学出版社,2009:237 247.
[2]BAHORICH M,FARMER S.3-D seismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features:the coherence cube[J].WLE,1995,14(10):1053 1058.
[3]王大伟,刘震,陈小宏,等.地震相干技术的进展及其在油气勘探中的应用[J].地质科技情报,2005,24(2):71 76.
[4]苑书金.地震相干体技术的研究综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(1):7 16.
[5]李玉新.地震相干技术在断层与沉积相解释中的应用[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2006,26(3):67 71.
[6]朱伟林,张功成,杨少坤,等.南海北部大陆边缘天然气地质[M].北京:石油工业出版,2007:329 345.
[7]HUANG BAOJIA,XIAO XIANMING,LI XUXUAN,et al.Geochemistry and origins of natural gases in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins offshore South China Sea[J].Org Geochem,2003,34(7):1009 1025.
[8]姚伯初,万玲,刘振湖.南海海域新生代沉积盆地构造演化的动力学特征及其油气资源[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):543 549.
[9]王建桥,姚伯初,万玲,等.南海海域新生代沉积盆地的油气资源[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(2):91 100.
[10]夏斌,崔学军,谢建华,等.关于南海构造演化动力学机制研究的一点思考[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(3):221 227.
[11]夏斌,吕宝凤,吴国干,等.南海北部新生代盆地构造迁移及其对烃源岩的制约作用[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(5):629 634.
[12]姚伯初.南海盆地的新生代构造演化史[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,16(2):1 13.
[13]闫义,夏斌,林舸,等.南海北缘新生代盆地沉积与构造演化及地球动力学背景[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(2):53 61.
[14]陶维祥,赵志刚,何仕斌,等.南海北部深水西区石油地质特征及勘探前景[J].地球学报,2005,26(4):359 364.
[15]龙根元,吴世敏,曾广东.琼东南盆地北礁凹陷伸展构造的几何学分析[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(3):71 77.
[16]李绪宣,朱光辉.琼东南盆地断裂系统及其油气输导特征[J].中国海上油气,2005,17(1):1 7.
[17]杨涛涛,吕福亮,王彬,等.南海北部深水西区中中新世混合沉积模式及控制因素[J].海相油气地质,2010,15(4):30 34.
[18]钟志洪,王良书,李绪宣,等.琼东南盆地古近纪沉积充填演化及其区域构造意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(1):29 36.
[19]MARFURT K J,SCHEET R M,SHARP J A,et al.Suppress of the acquisition footprint for seismic sequence attribute mapping[J].Geophysics,1998,63(3):1024 1035.
[20]MARFURT K J,KIRLIN R L,FARMER S L,et al.3-D seismic attributes using a semblance based coherency algorithm[J].Geophysics,1998,63(4):1150 1165.
[21]GERSZTENKORN A,MARFURT K J.Eigenstructurebased coherence computations as an aid to 3-D structural and stratigraphic mapping[J].Geophysics,1999,64(5):1468 1479.
[22]王西文,杨孔庆,刘全新,等.基于小波变换的地震相干体算法的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(4):328 331.
[23]叶增炉,何建军,林杰.基于小波变换相干体算法的实现及应用效果分析[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2006,33(5):528 531.
[24]孙义梅,杨春峰,陈程,等.相干技术的参数选取及其效果分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):640 645.
[25]靳玲,张本书,苏桂芝,等.相干体参数的实验选取[J].断块油气田,2005,12(2):24 29.
[26]李玲,冯许魁.用地震相干数据体进行断层自动解释[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1):105 111.
[27]佘德平,曹辉,郭全仕.应用三维相干技术进行精细地震解释[J].石油物探,2000,39(2):83 88.
[28]吴永平,王超.三维相干体技术在三维精细构造解释中的应用[J].断块油气田,2008,15(2):27 29.
[29]佘德平,曹辉,郭全仕.断裂系统解释与储层预测中的三维相干技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(1):100 105.
[30]袁圣强,曹锋,吴时国,等.南海北部陆坡深水曲流水道的识别及成因[J].沉积学报,2010,28(1):68 75.
[31]吴时国,秦蕴珊.南海北部陆坡深水沉积体系研究[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):922 930.
[32]孙辉,范国章,吕福亮,等.孟加拉湾缅甸若开盆地上新统斜坡水道复合体沉积特征[J].沉积学报,2011,29(4):695 703.
[33]赵邦六,杜小弟.生物礁地质特征与地球物理识别[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:158 160.
[34]胡伟光.相干体技术在川东北油气勘探中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2010,32(3):260 265.
[35]王玉学,韩大匡,刘文岭,等.相干体技术在火山岩预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):192 197.
[2]BAHORICH M,FARMER S.3-D seismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features:the coherence cube[J].WLE,1995,14(10):1053 1058.
[3]王大伟,刘震,陈小宏,等.地震相干技术的进展及其在油气勘探中的应用[J].地质科技情报,2005,24(2):71 76.
[4]苑书金.地震相干体技术的研究综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(1):7 16.
[5]李玉新.地震相干技术在断层与沉积相解释中的应用[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2006,26(3):67 71.
[6]朱伟林,张功成,杨少坤,等.南海北部大陆边缘天然气地质[M].北京:石油工业出版,2007:329 345.
[7]HUANG BAOJIA,XIAO XIANMING,LI XUXUAN,et al.Geochemistry and origins of natural gases in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins offshore South China Sea[J].Org Geochem,2003,34(7):1009 1025.
[8]姚伯初,万玲,刘振湖.南海海域新生代沉积盆地构造演化的动力学特征及其油气资源[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):543 549.
[9]王建桥,姚伯初,万玲,等.南海海域新生代沉积盆地的油气资源[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(2):91 100.
[10]夏斌,崔学军,谢建华,等.关于南海构造演化动力学机制研究的一点思考[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(3):221 227.
[11]夏斌,吕宝凤,吴国干,等.南海北部新生代盆地构造迁移及其对烃源岩的制约作用[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(5):629 634.
[12]姚伯初.南海盆地的新生代构造演化史[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,16(2):1 13.
[13]闫义,夏斌,林舸,等.南海北缘新生代盆地沉积与构造演化及地球动力学背景[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(2):53 61.
[14]陶维祥,赵志刚,何仕斌,等.南海北部深水西区石油地质特征及勘探前景[J].地球学报,2005,26(4):359 364.
[15]龙根元,吴世敏,曾广东.琼东南盆地北礁凹陷伸展构造的几何学分析[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(3):71 77.
[16]李绪宣,朱光辉.琼东南盆地断裂系统及其油气输导特征[J].中国海上油气,2005,17(1):1 7.
[17]杨涛涛,吕福亮,王彬,等.南海北部深水西区中中新世混合沉积模式及控制因素[J].海相油气地质,2010,15(4):30 34.
[18]钟志洪,王良书,李绪宣,等.琼东南盆地古近纪沉积充填演化及其区域构造意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(1):29 36.
[19]MARFURT K J,SCHEET R M,SHARP J A,et al.Suppress of the acquisition footprint for seismic sequence attribute mapping[J].Geophysics,1998,63(3):1024 1035.
[20]MARFURT K J,KIRLIN R L,FARMER S L,et al.3-D seismic attributes using a semblance based coherency algorithm[J].Geophysics,1998,63(4):1150 1165.
[21]GERSZTENKORN A,MARFURT K J.Eigenstructurebased coherence computations as an aid to 3-D structural and stratigraphic mapping[J].Geophysics,1999,64(5):1468 1479.
[22]王西文,杨孔庆,刘全新,等.基于小波变换的地震相干体算法的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(4):328 331.
[23]叶增炉,何建军,林杰.基于小波变换相干体算法的实现及应用效果分析[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2006,33(5):528 531.
[24]孙义梅,杨春峰,陈程,等.相干技术的参数选取及其效果分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):640 645.
[25]靳玲,张本书,苏桂芝,等.相干体参数的实验选取[J].断块油气田,2005,12(2):24 29.
[26]李玲,冯许魁.用地震相干数据体进行断层自动解释[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1):105 111.
[27]佘德平,曹辉,郭全仕.应用三维相干技术进行精细地震解释[J].石油物探,2000,39(2):83 88.
[28]吴永平,王超.三维相干体技术在三维精细构造解释中的应用[J].断块油气田,2008,15(2):27 29.
[29]佘德平,曹辉,郭全仕.断裂系统解释与储层预测中的三维相干技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(1):100 105.
[30]袁圣强,曹锋,吴时国,等.南海北部陆坡深水曲流水道的识别及成因[J].沉积学报,2010,28(1):68 75.
[31]吴时国,秦蕴珊.南海北部陆坡深水沉积体系研究[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):922 930.
[32]孙辉,范国章,吕福亮,等.孟加拉湾缅甸若开盆地上新统斜坡水道复合体沉积特征[J].沉积学报,2011,29(4):695 703.
[33]赵邦六,杜小弟.生物礁地质特征与地球物理识别[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:158 160.
[34]胡伟光.相干体技术在川东北油气勘探中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2010,32(3):260 265.
[35]王玉学,韩大匡,刘文岭,等.相干体技术在火山岩预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):192 197.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心