一种基于局部倾角估计的倾角域绕射波分离与成像方法
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摘要
勘探的热点逐步向西部碳酸盐岩储层探区转移,碳酸盐岩储层空间上多以孔、缝、洞形式出现,地震波形上主要表现为绕射波特征.在西部的勘探开发过程中,绕射波的分离及成像方法逐渐成为研究重点.本文首先推导了在倾角域共成像点道集(CIGs)中绕射和反射波的地震响应时距曲线,并系统分析了二者的差异.以此为基础发展了基于平面波解构滤波技术(PWD)的倾角域共成像点道集绕射波场分离与成像方法.在实现方法的基础上,进一步通过对Sigsbee2a模型的试算得出如下认识:1.局部倾角估计的倾角域绕射波分离方法能够较好的提取绕射波信号;2.针对地下小尺度构造成像,基于绕射波的成像方法较常规反射波成像方法有一定优势.
Exploration focus gradually shifted to the carbonate reservoirs in western exploration area,carbonate reservoirs mostly take the form of holes,fractures and caves,which generate the seismic waves of diffraction pattern.In the process of exploration and development of the western region,the separation and imaging methods of diffraction gradually become a research focus.In this paper,we derive first the response curves of diffraction and reflection in dip-angle CIGs and analyze the difference between the two types of events systematically in this domain.We then develop a separation and imaging method of diffracted waves in dip-angle CIGs,which is based on local dip estimation.Further trial of the Sigsbee2a model draws the following understanding:1、The separation method of diffraction in dip-angle CIGs based on local dip estimation can extract diffracted waves preferably;2、For the structural imaging of small scale target underground,the diffraction based imaging method has some advantages compared with conventional reflection imaging method.
Exploration focus gradually shifted to the carbonate reservoirs in western exploration area,carbonate reservoirs mostly take the form of holes,fractures and caves,which generate the seismic waves of diffraction pattern.In the process of exploration and development of the western region,the separation and imaging methods of diffraction gradually become a research focus.In this paper,we derive first the response curves of diffraction and reflection in dip-angle CIGs and analyze the difference between the two types of events systematically in this domain.We then develop a separation and imaging method of diffracted waves in dip-angle CIGs,which is based on local dip estimation.Further trial of the Sigsbee2a model draws the following understanding:1、The separation method of diffraction in dip-angle CIGs based on local dip estimation can extract diffracted waves preferably;2、For the structural imaging of small scale target underground,the diffraction based imaging method has some advantages compared with conventional reflection imaging method.
引文
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Bai Y,Sun Z,Chen L,et al.2011.Seismic diffraction separation in2Dand 3Dspace[C].73rd EAGE Conference&Exhibition.
Bansal R,Imhof M.2005.Diffraction enhancement in prestackseismic data[J].Geophysics,70(3):V73-V79,doi:10.1190/1.1926577.
Berkovitch A,Belfer I,Hassin Y,et al.2009.Diffraction imagingby multifocusing[J].Geophysics,74(6):WCA75-WCA81,doi:10.1190/1.3198210.
Fomel S.2002.Applications of plane-wave destruction filters[J].Geophysics,67(6):1946-1960,doi:10.1190/1.1527095.
Fomel S,Landa E,Taner T.2007.Poststack velocity analysis byseparation and imaging of seismic diffractions[J].Geophysics,72(6):U89-U94,doi:10.1190/1.2781533.
Gray S H.2005.Gaussian beam migration of common-shot records[J].Geophysics,70(4):S71-S77.
Hagedoorn J G.1954.A process of seismic reflection interpretation[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2(2):85-127.
Hill N R.2001.Prestack Gaussian-beam depth migration[J].Geophysics,66(4):1240-1250.
Huang J P,Li Z C,Kong X,et al.2012.The review of the wavefield separation method about reflection and diffraction based onthe PWD[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(6):2499-2510,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.06.025.
Kanasewich E R,Phadke S M.1988.Imaging discontinuities onseismic sections[J].Geophysics,53(3):334-345,doi:10.1190/1.1442467.
Khaidukov V,Landa E,Moser T J.2004.Diffraction imaging byfocusing-defocusing:An outlook on seismic superresolution[J].Geophysics,69(10):1478-1490,doi:10.1190/1.1836821.
Klokov A,Baina R,Landa E,et al.2010.Diffraction imaging forfracture detection:synthetic case study[C].SEG TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts,3354-3358,doi:10.1190/1.3513545.
Kong X,Li Z C,Huang J P,et al.2012.Diffraction objectiveimaging based on plane wave record[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),47(4):674-681.
Krey T.1952.The significance of diffraction in the investigation offaults[J].Geophysics,17(4):843-858,doi:10.1190/1.1437815.
Landa E,Shtivelman V,Gelchinsky B.1987.A method fordetection of diffracted waves on common-offset sections[J].Geophysical Prospecting,35(4):359-373.
Landa E,Fomel S,Reshef M.2008.Separation,imaging,andvelocity analysis of seismic diffractions using migrated dip-anglegathers[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2176-2180,doi:10.1190/1.3059318.
Li X F,Huang J,Li Z C,et al.2013.The research of diffractionmigration velocity analysis method[C].75th EAGE Conference&Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2013.
Li Z C,Yue Y B,Guo C B,et al.2010.Gaussian beam commonangle preserved-amplitude migration[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),45(3):360-365.
Nowak E J,Imhof M G.2004.Diffractor localization via weightedRadon transforms[C].SEG Technical Program ExpandedAbstracts,2108-2111,doi:10.1190/1.1851199.
Reshef M,Landa E.2009.Post-stack velocity analysis in the dipangle domain using diffractions[J].Geophysical Prospecting,57(5):811-821.
Taner M T,Fomel S,Landa E.2006.Separation and imaging ofseismic diffractions using plane-wave decomposition[C].SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2401-2405,doi:10.1190/1.2370017.
Yue Y B,Li Z C,Qian Z P,et al.2012.Amplitude-preservedGaussian beam migration under complex topographic conditions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(4):1376-1383.
Zhu X S,Wu R S.2010.Imaging diffraction points using the localimage matrices generated in prestack migration[J].Geophysics,75(1):S1-S9,doi:10.1190/1.3277252.
黄建平,李振春,孔雪,等.2012.基于PWD的绕射波波场分离成像方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,27(6):2499-2510,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.06.025.
孔雪,李振春,黄建平,等.2012.基于平面波记录的绕射目标成像方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,47(4):674-681.
李振春,岳玉波,郭朝斌,等.2010.高斯波束共角度保幅深度偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,45(3):360-365.
岳玉波,李振春,钱忠平,等.2012.复杂地表条件下保幅高斯束偏移[J].地球物理学报,55(4):1376-1383,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.033.
Bai Y,Sun Z,Chen L,et al.2011.Seismic diffraction separation in2Dand 3Dspace[C].73rd EAGE Conference&Exhibition.
Bansal R,Imhof M.2005.Diffraction enhancement in prestackseismic data[J].Geophysics,70(3):V73-V79,doi:10.1190/1.1926577.
Berkovitch A,Belfer I,Hassin Y,et al.2009.Diffraction imagingby multifocusing[J].Geophysics,74(6):WCA75-WCA81,doi:10.1190/1.3198210.
Fomel S.2002.Applications of plane-wave destruction filters[J].Geophysics,67(6):1946-1960,doi:10.1190/1.1527095.
Fomel S,Landa E,Taner T.2007.Poststack velocity analysis byseparation and imaging of seismic diffractions[J].Geophysics,72(6):U89-U94,doi:10.1190/1.2781533.
Gray S H.2005.Gaussian beam migration of common-shot records[J].Geophysics,70(4):S71-S77.
Hagedoorn J G.1954.A process of seismic reflection interpretation[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2(2):85-127.
Hill N R.2001.Prestack Gaussian-beam depth migration[J].Geophysics,66(4):1240-1250.
Huang J P,Li Z C,Kong X,et al.2012.The review of the wavefield separation method about reflection and diffraction based onthe PWD[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(6):2499-2510,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.06.025.
Kanasewich E R,Phadke S M.1988.Imaging discontinuities onseismic sections[J].Geophysics,53(3):334-345,doi:10.1190/1.1442467.
Khaidukov V,Landa E,Moser T J.2004.Diffraction imaging byfocusing-defocusing:An outlook on seismic superresolution[J].Geophysics,69(10):1478-1490,doi:10.1190/1.1836821.
Klokov A,Baina R,Landa E,et al.2010.Diffraction imaging forfracture detection:synthetic case study[C].SEG TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts,3354-3358,doi:10.1190/1.3513545.
Kong X,Li Z C,Huang J P,et al.2012.Diffraction objectiveimaging based on plane wave record[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),47(4):674-681.
Krey T.1952.The significance of diffraction in the investigation offaults[J].Geophysics,17(4):843-858,doi:10.1190/1.1437815.
Landa E,Shtivelman V,Gelchinsky B.1987.A method fordetection of diffracted waves on common-offset sections[J].Geophysical Prospecting,35(4):359-373.
Landa E,Fomel S,Reshef M.2008.Separation,imaging,andvelocity analysis of seismic diffractions using migrated dip-anglegathers[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2176-2180,doi:10.1190/1.3059318.
Li X F,Huang J,Li Z C,et al.2013.The research of diffractionmigration velocity analysis method[C].75th EAGE Conference&Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2013.
Li Z C,Yue Y B,Guo C B,et al.2010.Gaussian beam commonangle preserved-amplitude migration[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),45(3):360-365.
Nowak E J,Imhof M G.2004.Diffractor localization via weightedRadon transforms[C].SEG Technical Program ExpandedAbstracts,2108-2111,doi:10.1190/1.1851199.
Reshef M,Landa E.2009.Post-stack velocity analysis in the dipangle domain using diffractions[J].Geophysical Prospecting,57(5):811-821.
Taner M T,Fomel S,Landa E.2006.Separation and imaging ofseismic diffractions using plane-wave decomposition[C].SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2401-2405,doi:10.1190/1.2370017.
Yue Y B,Li Z C,Qian Z P,et al.2012.Amplitude-preservedGaussian beam migration under complex topographic conditions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(4):1376-1383.
Zhu X S,Wu R S.2010.Imaging diffraction points using the localimage matrices generated in prestack migration[J].Geophysics,75(1):S1-S9,doi:10.1190/1.3277252.
黄建平,李振春,孔雪,等.2012.基于PWD的绕射波波场分离成像方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,27(6):2499-2510,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.06.025.
孔雪,李振春,黄建平,等.2012.基于平面波记录的绕射目标成像方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,47(4):674-681.
李振春,岳玉波,郭朝斌,等.2010.高斯波束共角度保幅深度偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,45(3):360-365.
岳玉波,李振春,钱忠平,等.2012.复杂地表条件下保幅高斯束偏移[J].地球物理学报,55(4):1376-1383,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.033.
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