新疆地区S波分裂研究
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摘要
利用国家地震台网及中国地震局"十五"期间在新疆地区布设的宽频地震台站记录到的远震波形数据,采用最小能量法和旋转相关法分别对SKS、SKKS震相进行了偏振分析,计算了台站下方介质各向异性的分裂参数:快波的偏振方向(φ)和慢波延迟时间(δt).研究结果表明,塔里木盆地北缘、天山造山带和阿尔泰造山带大多数台站的快波偏振方向与台站下方构造走向方向接近,其快慢波分裂延迟介于0.8—1.8s之间.这与印度-欧亚碰撞导致的岩石圈缩短有关.相比而言,塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地内部的各向异性强度明显要弱,表明其自前寒武形成以来并没有经历强烈的变形作用.阿尔金断裂带附近台站下方各向异性快波方向与断裂带的走向具有很强的相关性,表明该断裂已经切穿整个岩石圈.
Shear wave splitting analysis has been carried out using teleseismic data from broadband digital seismic stations permanently deployed in Xinjiang region.We determined fast polarization direction(φ) and delay time(δt) between fast and slow waves using both the minimum energy method and rotation-correlation method.Our measurements show that fast directions of teleseismic shear wave beneath the northern Tarim basin,Tien Shan orogenic belt and Altai orogenic belt are generally parallel to the strike of structure beneath the stations.The delay times vary from 0.8 s to 1.8 s.All of these are related to shortening of lithosphere caused by the collision between India and Eurasia continent.In contrast,weak anisotropy beneath Tarim basin and Junggar basin implies that these basins have not experienced strong deformation since Cambrian.The fast polarization directions near the Altyn fault show remarkable correspondence with the fault strike,indicating that the fault may cut the whole lithosphere.
Shear wave splitting analysis has been carried out using teleseismic data from broadband digital seismic stations permanently deployed in Xinjiang region.We determined fast polarization direction(φ) and delay time(δt) between fast and slow waves using both the minimum energy method and rotation-correlation method.Our measurements show that fast directions of teleseismic shear wave beneath the northern Tarim basin,Tien Shan orogenic belt and Altai orogenic belt are generally parallel to the strike of structure beneath the stations.The delay times vary from 0.8 s to 1.8 s.All of these are related to shortening of lithosphere caused by the collision between India and Eurasia continent.In contrast,weak anisotropy beneath Tarim basin and Junggar basin implies that these basins have not experienced strong deformation since Cambrian.The fast polarization directions near the Altyn fault show remarkable correspondence with the fault strike,indicating that the fault may cut the whole lithosphere.
引文
高锐,肖序常,高弘,李秋生,刘训,姜枚,史大年.2002.西昆仑-塔里木-天山岩石圈深地震探测综述[J].地质通报,21(1):11--18.
郭飚,刘启元,陈九辉,赵大鹏,李顺成,赖院根.2006.中国境内天山地壳上地幔结构的地震层析成像[J].地球物理学报,49(6):1693--1700.
黄汲清,任纪舜,姜春发,张正坤,秦德余.1981.中国大地构造及其演化(1∶400万中国大地构造简要说明)[M].北京:科学出版社:43--45.
江丽君,李永华,吴庆举.2010.天山及邻区S波分裂研究及其动力学意义[J].地球物理学报,53(6):1399--1408.
姜枚,许志琴,Hirn A,刘妍,董英君,薛光琦,钱辉.2001.青藏高原及部分邻区地震各向异性和上地幔特征[J].地球学报,22(2):11--16.
刘洁,刘启元,郭飚,宋惠珍.2007.中国境内天山上地幔小尺度对流与造山作用[J].中国科学:D辑,37(6):728-735.
卢德源,李秋生,高锐,李英康,李德兴,刘文,张之英.2005.跨天山的人工爆炸地震剖面[J].科学通报,45(9):982--987.
王良书,李成,杨春.1996.塔里木盆地岩石层热结构研究[J].地球物理学报,39(6):795--803.
熊小松,高锐,李秋生,王海燕,侯贺晟.2010.地震探测揭示的西北地区莫霍面深度[J].地球学报,31(1):23--31.
徐锡伟,Tapponnier P,Van Der Woerd J,Ryerson F J,王峰,郑荣章,陈文彬,马文涛,于贵华,陈桂花,Meriaux AS.2003.阿尔金断裂带第四纪左旋走滑速率及其构造运动转换模式讨论[J].中国科学:D辑,33(10):967--974.
胥颐,刘福田,刘建华,孙若昧,何建坤.2000.中国大陆西北造山带及其毗邻盆地的地震层析成像[J].中国科学:D辑,30(2):113--122.
赵俊猛.2004.天山造山带与准噶尔盆地岩石圈结构及其动力学过程[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所:7--20.
郑斯华,高原.1994.中国大陆岩石层的方位各向异性[J].地震学报,15(2):131--140.
郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁,姚志祥,梁建宏,郑洁.2009.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑[J].地球物理学报,52(5):1412--1417.
Barruol G,Hoffmann R.1999.Seismic anisotropy beneath the Geoscope stations from SKS splitting[J].J Geophys Res,104(B5):10757--10774.
Bowman J R,Ando M.1987.Shear-wave splitting in the upper-mantle wedge above the Tonga subduction zone[J].Geophys J R Astron Soc,88(1):25--41.
Chang L J,Wang C Y,Ding Z F.2010.Upper mantle anisotropy in the Ordos Block and its margins[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,54(6):888--900.doi:10.1007/s11430-010-4137-2.
Chen Y,Badal J,Zhang Z J.2009.Radial anisotropy in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateauand surrounding regions[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,36(4--5):289--302.
Chen Y H,Roecker S W,Kosarev G L.1997.Elevation of the410km discontinuity beneath the central Tien Shan:Evidence for a detached lithospheric root[J].Geophys Res Lett,24(12):1531--1534.
Chen Y P,Wang L S,Mi N,Li H,Yu D Y,Xu M J,Liu S W,Li C,Xu Z.2005.Shear wave splitting observations inthe Chinese Tianshan orogenic belt[J].Geophys Res Lett,32,L07306,doi:10.1029/2004GL021686.
Davis J C.1986.Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology-Second Edition[M].John Wiley&Sons,Inc.USA:316-326.
Gripp A E,Gordon R G.2002.Young tracks of hotspots and current plate velocities[J].Geophys J Int,150(2):321-361.
Hartog R,Schwartz S Y.2000.Subduction-induced strain in the upper mantle east of the Mendocino triple junction,California[J].J Geophys Res,105(B4):7909--7930.
Herquel G,Tapponnier P,Wittlinger G,Mei J.1999.Teleseismic shear wave splitting and lithospheric anisotropy beneath and across the Altyngh Tagh fault[J].Geophys Res Lett,26(21):3225--3228.
Herquel G,Tapponier P.2005.Seismic anisotropy in western Tibet[J].Geophys Res Lett,32,L17306,doi:10.1029/2005GL023561.
Lei J S,Zhao D P.2007.Teleseismic P-wave tomography and the upper mantle structure of the central Tien Shan orogenic belt[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,162(3--4):165--185.
Levin V,Roecker S,Graham P,Hosseini A.2008.Seismic anisotropy indicators in Western Tibet:Shear wave splittingand receiver function analysis[J].Tectonophysics,462(1--4):99--108.
Li A B,Chen C Z.2006.Shear wave splitting beneath the central Tien Shan and tectonic implications[J].Geophys ResLett,33,L22303,doi:10.1029/2006GL027717.
Li Y H,Wu Q J,Jiang L J,Zhang R Q.2010.Complex seismic anisotropic structure beneath the central Tien Shan revealed by shear wave splitting[J].Geophys J Int,181(3):1678--1686.
Li Y H,Wu Q J,Zhang F X,Feng Q Q,Zhang R Q.2011.Seismic anisotropy of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau fromshear wave splitting analysis[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,304(1--2):147--157.
Makeyeva L I,Vinnik L P,Roecker S W.1992.Shear wave splitting and small-scale convection in the continental uppermantle[J].Nature,358(6382):144--147.
Mardia K V.1972.Statistics of Directional Data[M].New York and London:Academic Press:349--393.
Niu F L,Li J.2011.Component azimuths of the CEArray stations estimated from P-wave particle motion[J].EarthqSci,24(1):3--13.
Roecker S W.2001.Constraints on the crust and upper mantle of the Kyrgyz Tien Shan from the preliminary analysis ofCHENGIS broadband data[J].Russ Geol Geophys,42(10):1554--1565.
Schmid C,Lee S V D,Giardini D.2004.Delay time and shear wave splitting in the Mediterranean region[J].Geophys JInt,159(1):275--290.
Silver P G.1996.Seismic anisotropy beneath the continents:Probing the depth of geology[J].Annu Rev Earth PlanetSci,24(1):385--432.
Silver P G,Savage M K.1994.The interpretation of shear-wave splitting parameters in the presence of two anisotropiclayers[J].Geophys J Int,119(3):949--963.
Silver P G,Chan W W.1991.Shear wave splitting and subcontinental mantle deformation[J].J Geophys Res,96:16429--16454.
Tapponnier P,Xu Z Q,Roger F,Roger F,Meyer B,Arnaud N,Wittlinger G,Yang J S.2001.Oblique stepwise riseand growth of the Tibet Plateau[J].Science,294(5--547):1671--1677.
Tian X B,Zhang J L,Si S K,Wang J B,Chen Y,Zhang Z J.2011.SKS splitting measurements with horizontal component misalignment[J].Geophys J Int,185(3):329--340.
Tian X B,Zhao D P,Zhang H S,Tian Y,Zhang Z J.2010.Mantle transition zone topography and structure beneath thecentral Tien Shan orogenic belt[J].J Geophys Res,115(B10308),2008JB006229.
Vecsey L,PlomerovJ,Babuska V.2008.Shear-wave splitting measurements:Problems and solutions[J].Tectonophysics,462(1--4):178--196.
Vinnik L P,Aleshin I M,Kiselev S G,Kosarev G L,Makeyeva L I.Kiselev S G.2007.Depth localized azimuthal anisotropy from SKS and P receiver functions:The Tien Shan[J].Geophys J Int,169(3):1289--1299.
Vinnik L P,Reigber C,Aleshin I M,Kosarev G L,Kaban M K,Oreshin S I,Roecker S W.2004.Receiver functiontomography of the central Tien Shan[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,225(1--2):131--146.
Vinnik L,Peregoudov D,Makeyeva L I,Oreshin S,Roecker S.2002.Towards3-D fabric in the continental lithosphereand asthenosphere:The Tien Shan[J].Geophys Res Lett,29(16):1795,doi:10.1029/2001GL014588.
Wittlinger G,Tapponnier P,Poupinet G,Jiang M,Shi D,Herquel G,Masson F.1998.Tomographic evidence for localized lithospheric shear along the Altyn Tagh fault[J].Science,282(5386):74--76.
Wüstefeld A,Bokelmann G H R.2007.Null detection in shear wave splitting measurements[J].Bull Seismol Soc Amer,97(4):1204--1211.
Wüstefeld A,Bokelmann G H R,Zaroli C,Barruo G.2008.SplitLab:A shear-wave splitting environment in Matlab[J].Comput Geosci,34(5):515--528.
Wolfe C J,Vernon F L.1998.Shear wave splitting at central Tian Shan:Evidence for rapid variation of anisotropic patterns[J].Geophys Res Lett,25(8):1217--1220.
郭飚,刘启元,陈九辉,赵大鹏,李顺成,赖院根.2006.中国境内天山地壳上地幔结构的地震层析成像[J].地球物理学报,49(6):1693--1700.
黄汲清,任纪舜,姜春发,张正坤,秦德余.1981.中国大地构造及其演化(1∶400万中国大地构造简要说明)[M].北京:科学出版社:43--45.
江丽君,李永华,吴庆举.2010.天山及邻区S波分裂研究及其动力学意义[J].地球物理学报,53(6):1399--1408.
姜枚,许志琴,Hirn A,刘妍,董英君,薛光琦,钱辉.2001.青藏高原及部分邻区地震各向异性和上地幔特征[J].地球学报,22(2):11--16.
刘洁,刘启元,郭飚,宋惠珍.2007.中国境内天山上地幔小尺度对流与造山作用[J].中国科学:D辑,37(6):728-735.
卢德源,李秋生,高锐,李英康,李德兴,刘文,张之英.2005.跨天山的人工爆炸地震剖面[J].科学通报,45(9):982--987.
王良书,李成,杨春.1996.塔里木盆地岩石层热结构研究[J].地球物理学报,39(6):795--803.
熊小松,高锐,李秋生,王海燕,侯贺晟.2010.地震探测揭示的西北地区莫霍面深度[J].地球学报,31(1):23--31.
徐锡伟,Tapponnier P,Van Der Woerd J,Ryerson F J,王峰,郑荣章,陈文彬,马文涛,于贵华,陈桂花,Meriaux AS.2003.阿尔金断裂带第四纪左旋走滑速率及其构造运动转换模式讨论[J].中国科学:D辑,33(10):967--974.
胥颐,刘福田,刘建华,孙若昧,何建坤.2000.中国大陆西北造山带及其毗邻盆地的地震层析成像[J].中国科学:D辑,30(2):113--122.
赵俊猛.2004.天山造山带与准噶尔盆地岩石圈结构及其动力学过程[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所:7--20.
郑斯华,高原.1994.中国大陆岩石层的方位各向异性[J].地震学报,15(2):131--140.
郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁,姚志祥,梁建宏,郑洁.2009.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑[J].地球物理学报,52(5):1412--1417.
Barruol G,Hoffmann R.1999.Seismic anisotropy beneath the Geoscope stations from SKS splitting[J].J Geophys Res,104(B5):10757--10774.
Bowman J R,Ando M.1987.Shear-wave splitting in the upper-mantle wedge above the Tonga subduction zone[J].Geophys J R Astron Soc,88(1):25--41.
Chang L J,Wang C Y,Ding Z F.2010.Upper mantle anisotropy in the Ordos Block and its margins[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,54(6):888--900.doi:10.1007/s11430-010-4137-2.
Chen Y,Badal J,Zhang Z J.2009.Radial anisotropy in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateauand surrounding regions[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,36(4--5):289--302.
Chen Y H,Roecker S W,Kosarev G L.1997.Elevation of the410km discontinuity beneath the central Tien Shan:Evidence for a detached lithospheric root[J].Geophys Res Lett,24(12):1531--1534.
Chen Y P,Wang L S,Mi N,Li H,Yu D Y,Xu M J,Liu S W,Li C,Xu Z.2005.Shear wave splitting observations inthe Chinese Tianshan orogenic belt[J].Geophys Res Lett,32,L07306,doi:10.1029/2004GL021686.
Davis J C.1986.Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology-Second Edition[M].John Wiley&Sons,Inc.USA:316-326.
Gripp A E,Gordon R G.2002.Young tracks of hotspots and current plate velocities[J].Geophys J Int,150(2):321-361.
Hartog R,Schwartz S Y.2000.Subduction-induced strain in the upper mantle east of the Mendocino triple junction,California[J].J Geophys Res,105(B4):7909--7930.
Herquel G,Tapponnier P,Wittlinger G,Mei J.1999.Teleseismic shear wave splitting and lithospheric anisotropy beneath and across the Altyngh Tagh fault[J].Geophys Res Lett,26(21):3225--3228.
Herquel G,Tapponier P.2005.Seismic anisotropy in western Tibet[J].Geophys Res Lett,32,L17306,doi:10.1029/2005GL023561.
Lei J S,Zhao D P.2007.Teleseismic P-wave tomography and the upper mantle structure of the central Tien Shan orogenic belt[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,162(3--4):165--185.
Levin V,Roecker S,Graham P,Hosseini A.2008.Seismic anisotropy indicators in Western Tibet:Shear wave splittingand receiver function analysis[J].Tectonophysics,462(1--4):99--108.
Li A B,Chen C Z.2006.Shear wave splitting beneath the central Tien Shan and tectonic implications[J].Geophys ResLett,33,L22303,doi:10.1029/2006GL027717.
Li Y H,Wu Q J,Jiang L J,Zhang R Q.2010.Complex seismic anisotropic structure beneath the central Tien Shan revealed by shear wave splitting[J].Geophys J Int,181(3):1678--1686.
Li Y H,Wu Q J,Zhang F X,Feng Q Q,Zhang R Q.2011.Seismic anisotropy of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau fromshear wave splitting analysis[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,304(1--2):147--157.
Makeyeva L I,Vinnik L P,Roecker S W.1992.Shear wave splitting and small-scale convection in the continental uppermantle[J].Nature,358(6382):144--147.
Mardia K V.1972.Statistics of Directional Data[M].New York and London:Academic Press:349--393.
Niu F L,Li J.2011.Component azimuths of the CEArray stations estimated from P-wave particle motion[J].EarthqSci,24(1):3--13.
Roecker S W.2001.Constraints on the crust and upper mantle of the Kyrgyz Tien Shan from the preliminary analysis ofCHENGIS broadband data[J].Russ Geol Geophys,42(10):1554--1565.
Schmid C,Lee S V D,Giardini D.2004.Delay time and shear wave splitting in the Mediterranean region[J].Geophys JInt,159(1):275--290.
Silver P G.1996.Seismic anisotropy beneath the continents:Probing the depth of geology[J].Annu Rev Earth PlanetSci,24(1):385--432.
Silver P G,Savage M K.1994.The interpretation of shear-wave splitting parameters in the presence of two anisotropiclayers[J].Geophys J Int,119(3):949--963.
Silver P G,Chan W W.1991.Shear wave splitting and subcontinental mantle deformation[J].J Geophys Res,96:16429--16454.
Tapponnier P,Xu Z Q,Roger F,Roger F,Meyer B,Arnaud N,Wittlinger G,Yang J S.2001.Oblique stepwise riseand growth of the Tibet Plateau[J].Science,294(5--547):1671--1677.
Tian X B,Zhang J L,Si S K,Wang J B,Chen Y,Zhang Z J.2011.SKS splitting measurements with horizontal component misalignment[J].Geophys J Int,185(3):329--340.
Tian X B,Zhao D P,Zhang H S,Tian Y,Zhang Z J.2010.Mantle transition zone topography and structure beneath thecentral Tien Shan orogenic belt[J].J Geophys Res,115(B10308),2008JB006229.
Vecsey L,PlomerovJ,Babuska V.2008.Shear-wave splitting measurements:Problems and solutions[J].Tectonophysics,462(1--4):178--196.
Vinnik L P,Aleshin I M,Kiselev S G,Kosarev G L,Makeyeva L I.Kiselev S G.2007.Depth localized azimuthal anisotropy from SKS and P receiver functions:The Tien Shan[J].Geophys J Int,169(3):1289--1299.
Vinnik L P,Reigber C,Aleshin I M,Kosarev G L,Kaban M K,Oreshin S I,Roecker S W.2004.Receiver functiontomography of the central Tien Shan[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,225(1--2):131--146.
Vinnik L,Peregoudov D,Makeyeva L I,Oreshin S,Roecker S.2002.Towards3-D fabric in the continental lithosphereand asthenosphere:The Tien Shan[J].Geophys Res Lett,29(16):1795,doi:10.1029/2001GL014588.
Wittlinger G,Tapponnier P,Poupinet G,Jiang M,Shi D,Herquel G,Masson F.1998.Tomographic evidence for localized lithospheric shear along the Altyn Tagh fault[J].Science,282(5386):74--76.
Wüstefeld A,Bokelmann G H R.2007.Null detection in shear wave splitting measurements[J].Bull Seismol Soc Amer,97(4):1204--1211.
Wüstefeld A,Bokelmann G H R,Zaroli C,Barruo G.2008.SplitLab:A shear-wave splitting environment in Matlab[J].Comput Geosci,34(5):515--528.
Wolfe C J,Vernon F L.1998.Shear wave splitting at central Tian Shan:Evidence for rapid variation of anisotropic patterns[J].Geophys Res Lett,25(8):1217--1220.
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