隐伏走滑断层特征及其对油气成藏的影响——以渤海海域蓬莱13—14地区为例
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摘要
为研究隐伏走滑断层特征及其对油气成藏的影响,以渤海海域蓬莱13—14地区为例,根据地震资料及构造样式分析,认为研究区发育隐伏走滑断层,在地震剖面上表现为主干走滑断层两侧地震相变化大、构造反转,平面上表现为雁列式断层组合、帚状构造等特征。与典型走滑断层不同,对隐伏走滑断层的主干走滑断层的识别须综合多种地质证据。研究结果表明,蓬莱13—14地区发育3支主干走滑断层,西侧2支,中南部1支,共同构成郯庐断裂的东支。其主干走滑断层仅在基底和古近系底部发育,为压扭性断层;新近系不发育主干走滑断层,发育2组力学性质不同的断层组,其中1组为近北北东向张扭性的伴生同向走滑断层,另1组为近东西向伸展性的伴生正断层。隐伏走滑断层控制的构造反转是形成蓬莱13—14地区带状分布圈闭群的决定性因素。研究区张性伴生断层可分为2期,对油气运移起疏导作用,其中早期活动、沟通深浅层的伸展断层对油气运移具有决定性作用。
Bodong sag and North Miaoxi sag near the Bonan heave develop buried strike-slip structure. Profiles of two sides of the strike-slip fault are characterized by seismic facies changes and tectonic inversion. The planar distribution is characterized by a combination of en-echelon faults,"broom-like structure"and so on. Different from the typical strike-slip fault in heave zone, the main buried strike-slip fault identification needs to integrate a variety of geological evidences. Three main strike-slip faults develop in the region of interest: one is in the south-central area, and the other two is in the west area, forming the east branch of Tan-Lu fault together.The main strike-slip faults develop only in the Pre-Tertiary and the bottom of the Paleocene, formed under the strength of twist and compress. The main strike-slip fault does not develop in the Neocene, and two different mechanical property fault groups develop: one group is synthetic strike-slip faults nearly north-east, with extensional-twisting character; another group is the associated normal fault nearly east-west direction, with the nature of extension and stretch. Tectonic reversion controlled by strike-slip is the decisive factor of the zonal distribution of trap cluster. Extensional normal fault can be divided into two phases having favorable effect on the hydrocarbon migration. Faults which have experienced early activities and extend from the deep to the shallow layers play a decisive role on hydrocarbon migration. Search for relatively active oil and gas migration objective is the key to success in this area.
Bodong sag and North Miaoxi sag near the Bonan heave develop buried strike-slip structure. Profiles of two sides of the strike-slip fault are characterized by seismic facies changes and tectonic inversion. The planar distribution is characterized by a combination of en-echelon faults,"broom-like structure"and so on. Different from the typical strike-slip fault in heave zone, the main buried strike-slip fault identification needs to integrate a variety of geological evidences. Three main strike-slip faults develop in the region of interest: one is in the south-central area, and the other two is in the west area, forming the east branch of Tan-Lu fault together.The main strike-slip faults develop only in the Pre-Tertiary and the bottom of the Paleocene, formed under the strength of twist and compress. The main strike-slip fault does not develop in the Neocene, and two different mechanical property fault groups develop: one group is synthetic strike-slip faults nearly north-east, with extensional-twisting character; another group is the associated normal fault nearly east-west direction, with the nature of extension and stretch. Tectonic reversion controlled by strike-slip is the decisive factor of the zonal distribution of trap cluster. Extensional normal fault can be divided into two phases having favorable effect on the hydrocarbon migration. Faults which have experienced early activities and extend from the deep to the shallow layers play a decisive role on hydrocarbon migration. Search for relatively active oil and gas migration objective is the key to success in this area.
引文
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[19]王应斌.油气运移足迹的表象[J].海洋石油,2012,32(1):23-27.
[20]王学军,向立宏,郝雪峰,等.车镇凹陷车西洼陷油气倒灌运移成藏特征及机理[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(1):6-10.
[21]邓运华,王应斌.黄河口凹陷浅层油气成藏模式的新认识及勘探效果[J].中国石油勘探,2012,7(1):25-29.
[22]王应斌,薛永安,张友,等.油气差异聚集原理应用效果分析——以黄河口凹陷为例[J].海洋石油,2010,30(4):20-25.
[2]于葆华.试论油气勘探工作中的几个辩证关系[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(6):6-9,14.
[3]罗群.断裂带的输导与封闭性及其控藏特征[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(5):474-479.
[4]孙波,张善文,王永诗.断层输导能力定量评价及其在油气勘探中的应用——以济阳坳陷青西地区为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(6):10-14.
[5]漆家福,邓荣敬,周心怀,等.渤海海域新生代盆地中的郯庐断裂带构造[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2008,38(增刊Ⅰ):19-29.
[6]李理,谭明友,张明振,等.潍北—莱州湾凹陷郯庐断裂带新生代走滑特征[J].地质科学,2009,44(3):855-864.
[7]黄雷,周心怀,刘池洋,等.渤海海域新生代盆地演化的重要转折期——证据及区域动力学分析[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2012,42(6):893-904.
[8]黄雷,王应斌,武强,等.渤海湾盆地莱州湾凹陷新生代盆地演化[J].地质学报,2012,86(6):867-876.
[9]陆克政,漆家福,王毅,等.石油构造地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:60.
[10]刘光夏,赵文俊,张先.郯庐断裂带渤海段的深部构造特征[J].长春地质学院学报,1996,26(4):388-391.
[11]郭永华,周心怀,凌艳玺,等.渤海海域蓬莱19-3油田油气成藏特征新认识[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(3):327-332.
[12]周心怀.渤中28-2南油田成藏模式及其勘探意义[J].中国海上油气,2012,24(5):1-6.
[13]邓津辉,王应斌,姜利群,等.黄河口凹陷渤中34-1复杂断块区构造特征及储层预测[J].石油地质与工程,2007,21(3):4-6.
[14]孙磉礅.营潍断裂带结构特征及其与相邻盆地的关系[J].大地构造与成矿学,2008,32(4):418-426.
[15]白钢,王立军.现河庄帚状构造体系与油气聚集[J].江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(增刊):199-200.
[16]方旭庆,蒋有录,石砥石.济阳坳陷沾化地区断裂特征及其与成藏要素和油气分布的关系[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(2):1-4.
[17]李继岩,宋国奇,赵仲祥,等.惠民凹陷南部地区断层输导与封闭性能研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(4):17-20.
[18]张为民,李继亮,钟嘉猷.气烟囱的形成机理及其与油气的关系探讨[J].地质科学,2000,35(4):449-455.
[19]王应斌.油气运移足迹的表象[J].海洋石油,2012,32(1):23-27.
[20]王学军,向立宏,郝雪峰,等.车镇凹陷车西洼陷油气倒灌运移成藏特征及机理[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(1):6-10.
[21]邓运华,王应斌.黄河口凹陷浅层油气成藏模式的新认识及勘探效果[J].中国石油勘探,2012,7(1):25-29.
[22]王应斌,薛永安,张友,等.油气差异聚集原理应用效果分析——以黄河口凹陷为例[J].海洋石油,2010,30(4):20-25.
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