北京五里营井流体前兆观测到的两次异常及讨论
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摘要
分析了延庆五里营井汶川M8.0地震和玉树M7.1地震数字化流体前兆观测资料,对比研究了五里营井流体在2次强震中的响应差异。结果显示,流体异常响应灵敏度与地震震级和观测点震中距有一定关系,地震震级越大,观测点距离震中越近,流体异常响应越灵敏。2次大震前流体前兆都观测到氦气释放活动最先出现异常反应,其释放强度与震级有关,震级越大,异常变化越强烈,其中汶川地震He浓度释放短期内出现较大变化可能与不断的强余震活动和大震后的构造调整有关。2次大震发生后,氦气异常释放反而增加明显,这一过程有异常He的贡献。这一方面可能与6—9月是年变过程有关,另一方面也可能与五里营井热储型气体释放特征有关,地震孕育发生过程中,有大量的深部来源He释放出来进入地热系统并改变整个组成,在时间上较断裂型气体释放晚,并且异常消失的时间也会晚得多。2次强震流体映震响应差异可能与2次地震深部构造背景和动力机制差异有关。处于南北地震带的汶川地震与观测点所在东部地区的关联强于青藏高原内部的玉树地震。氦气可能是观测点所在地区监测地下深部气体异常活动的灵敏指标。
The precursor response characteristics of digital fluid caused by Wenchuan M 8.0 and Yushu M 7.1 earthquakes are studied,and the response difference of the observations of Wuliying Well to the two strong earthquakes is compared.The result shows that the abnormal fluid response has a certain relationship with earthquake size and epicenter distance.The greater the earthquake,and the closer to the epicenter from the observatory,the more sensitive the response will be to fluid anomalies.Abnormal Helium release was the first to be observed before both strong earthquakes in the fluid precursor observation.The release intensity is related to earthquake magnitude,the larger the magnitude of earthquake,the stronger the abnormal change.The large change in He release in a short period after the Wenchuan earthquake may be related to continuous activity of strong aftershocks and the structural adjustment after the earthquake.Helium release increased significantly after both earthquakes,as contributed by the abnormal deep-sited Helium release.However,this process may be connected with the annual change from July to September on the one hand,and related to the hot-reservoir type gas release in Wuliying well on the other hand.In the earthquake preparation process,a large number of deep-derived Helium is released into the geothermal system and the entire composition is changed.Temporally,this gas release appears later than fault-type gas release,and the vanishing time of this anomaly is also much later.The response difference of fluid precursor to the two strong earthquakes may be related to differences of deep structural setting and dynamic mechanism.It also shows there is stronger correlation to the Wenchuan M 8.0 earthquake in South-North earthquake belt and North-China region than to the Yushu M 7.1 earthquake in internal Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Helium gas can be a sensitive indicator for monitoring abnormal deep-gas activity of the region where the observation station locates.Hence,observation and research should be strengthened in the future.
The precursor response characteristics of digital fluid caused by Wenchuan M 8.0 and Yushu M 7.1 earthquakes are studied,and the response difference of the observations of Wuliying Well to the two strong earthquakes is compared.The result shows that the abnormal fluid response has a certain relationship with earthquake size and epicenter distance.The greater the earthquake,and the closer to the epicenter from the observatory,the more sensitive the response will be to fluid anomalies.Abnormal Helium release was the first to be observed before both strong earthquakes in the fluid precursor observation.The release intensity is related to earthquake magnitude,the larger the magnitude of earthquake,the stronger the abnormal change.The large change in He release in a short period after the Wenchuan earthquake may be related to continuous activity of strong aftershocks and the structural adjustment after the earthquake.Helium release increased significantly after both earthquakes,as contributed by the abnormal deep-sited Helium release.However,this process may be connected with the annual change from July to September on the one hand,and related to the hot-reservoir type gas release in Wuliying well on the other hand.In the earthquake preparation process,a large number of deep-derived Helium is released into the geothermal system and the entire composition is changed.Temporally,this gas release appears later than fault-type gas release,and the vanishing time of this anomaly is also much later.The response difference of fluid precursor to the two strong earthquakes may be related to differences of deep structural setting and dynamic mechanism.It also shows there is stronger correlation to the Wenchuan M 8.0 earthquake in South-North earthquake belt and North-China region than to the Yushu M 7.1 earthquake in internal Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Helium gas can be a sensitive indicator for monitoring abnormal deep-gas activity of the region where the observation station locates.Hence,observation and research should be strengthened in the future.
引文
[1]杨明波、林元武,2008,延庆五里营井异常落实报告。
车用太,鱼金子.1997.地下流体的源兆、场兆、远兆及其在地震预报中的意义[J].地震,17(3):283—289.CHE Yong-tai,YU Jin-zi.1997.The focal precursors,fluid precursors and remote precursors of ground fluid before strong earthquakes and their significance in the earthquake prediction[J].Earthquake,17(3):283—289(in Chinese).
杜建国,康春丽.2000.强震活动中地壳深部流体的作用研究进展[J].地震,20(3):95—101.DU Jian-guo,Kang Chun-li.2000.Characteristics of earthquake precursors and its geological significance[J].Earth-quake,20(3):95—101(in Chinese).
高玲,上官志冠,魏海泉.2010.长白山天池火山口内湖滨温泉地球化学[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,29(3):244—249.GAO Ling,SHANGGUAN Zhi-guan,WEI Hai-quan.2010.Geochemistry features of the Hubin springs in the northern caldera lake of the Tianchi volcano,Changbaishan[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,29(3):244—249(in Chinese).
孔令昌,王桂清,王志敏,等.2007.观测井氦含量异常与地震关系的研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,28(6):33—36.KONG Ling-chang,WANG Gui-qing,WANG Zhi-min,et al.2007.Research on the relationship between the Helium a-nomaly in observed well and earthquakes[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,28(6):33—36(in Chinese).
李营,杜建国,王富宽,等.2009.延怀盆地土壤气体地球化学特征[J].地震学报,31(1):82—91.LI Ying,DU Jian-guo,WANG Fu-kuan,et al.2009.Gas geochemical features of soil in Yan Huai Basin[J].Seismolog-ica Acta Sinica,31(1):82—91(in Chinese).
刘耀炜,施锦.2000.强震地下流体前兆信息特征[J].地震学报,22(1):59—64.LIU Yao-wei,SHI Jin.2000.Information characteristics of ground fluid precursor on continental strong earthquakes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,22(1):59—64(in Chinese).
刘耀炜,任宏微.2009.汶川8.0级地震氡观测值震后效应特征初步分析[J].地震,29(9):121—131.LIU Yao-wei,REN Hong-wei.2009.Preliminary analysis of the characteristics of post-seismic effect of radon after the M8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Earthquake,29(9):121—131(in Chinese).
上官志冠.1995.地热流体溶解二氧化碳总量参数的地震前兆特征[J].科学通报,49(9):814—817.SHANGGUAN Zhi-guan.1995.Earthquake precursor character on total quantity parameter of geothermal fluid disoluted carbon dioxide[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,49(9):814—817(in Chinese).
汪一鹏,马瑾,李传友,等.2007.南北地震带强震迁移特征及其与南亚地震带的联系[J].地震地质,29(1):1—14.WANG Yi-peng,MA Jin,LI Chuan-you,et al.2007.The migration characteristics of strong earthquake on the north-south seismic belt and its relation with the south Asia seismic belt[J].Seismology and Geology,29(1):1—14(in Chinese).
王广才,张作辰,汪民,等.2003.延怀盆地地下热水与稀有气体的地球化学特征[J].地震地质,25(3):421—429.WANG Guang-cai,ZHANG Zuo-chen,WANG Min,et al.2003.Geochemistry of geothermal water and noble gases in Yanhuai Basin,China[J].Seismology and Geology,25(3):421—429(in Chinese).
徐纪人,赵志新.2006.青藏高原及其周围地区区域应力场与构造运动特征[J].中国地质,33(2):275—285.XU Ji-ren,ZHAO Zhi-xin.2006.Characteristics of the regional stress field and tectonic movement on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and in its surrounding areas[J].Geology in China,33(2):275—285(in Chinese).
杨国华,杨博,张凤双,等.2008.汶川地震对华北地区水平形变场影响及有关含义的讨论[J].地震,29(1):1—14.YANG Guo-hua,YANG Bo,ZHANG Feng-shuang,et al.2008.Influence of Wenchuan earthquake on the horizontal de-formation field in North China and its implication[J].Earthquake,29(1):1—14(in Chinese).
张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008.汶川8.0级地震发震的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,51(4):1066—1073.ZHANG Pei-zhen,XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,et al.2008.Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the Longmenshan active fault zone,and tectonic implications for mechanism of the May12Wenchuan earthquake,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(4):1066—1073(in Chinese).
张勇,许力生,陈运泰.2008年汶川大地震震源机制的时空变化[J].地球物理学报,52(2):379—389.ZHANG Yong,XU Li-sheng,CHEN Yun-tai.2008.Rupture process of the2008great Wenchuan earthquake from the analysis of the Alaskaarray data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(2):379—389(in Chinese).
车用太,鱼金子.1997.地下流体的源兆、场兆、远兆及其在地震预报中的意义[J].地震,17(3):283—289.CHE Yong-tai,YU Jin-zi.1997.The focal precursors,fluid precursors and remote precursors of ground fluid before strong earthquakes and their significance in the earthquake prediction[J].Earthquake,17(3):283—289(in Chinese).
杜建国,康春丽.2000.强震活动中地壳深部流体的作用研究进展[J].地震,20(3):95—101.DU Jian-guo,Kang Chun-li.2000.Characteristics of earthquake precursors and its geological significance[J].Earth-quake,20(3):95—101(in Chinese).
高玲,上官志冠,魏海泉.2010.长白山天池火山口内湖滨温泉地球化学[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,29(3):244—249.GAO Ling,SHANGGUAN Zhi-guan,WEI Hai-quan.2010.Geochemistry features of the Hubin springs in the northern caldera lake of the Tianchi volcano,Changbaishan[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,29(3):244—249(in Chinese).
孔令昌,王桂清,王志敏,等.2007.观测井氦含量异常与地震关系的研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,28(6):33—36.KONG Ling-chang,WANG Gui-qing,WANG Zhi-min,et al.2007.Research on the relationship between the Helium a-nomaly in observed well and earthquakes[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,28(6):33—36(in Chinese).
李营,杜建国,王富宽,等.2009.延怀盆地土壤气体地球化学特征[J].地震学报,31(1):82—91.LI Ying,DU Jian-guo,WANG Fu-kuan,et al.2009.Gas geochemical features of soil in Yan Huai Basin[J].Seismolog-ica Acta Sinica,31(1):82—91(in Chinese).
刘耀炜,施锦.2000.强震地下流体前兆信息特征[J].地震学报,22(1):59—64.LIU Yao-wei,SHI Jin.2000.Information characteristics of ground fluid precursor on continental strong earthquakes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,22(1):59—64(in Chinese).
刘耀炜,任宏微.2009.汶川8.0级地震氡观测值震后效应特征初步分析[J].地震,29(9):121—131.LIU Yao-wei,REN Hong-wei.2009.Preliminary analysis of the characteristics of post-seismic effect of radon after the M8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Earthquake,29(9):121—131(in Chinese).
上官志冠.1995.地热流体溶解二氧化碳总量参数的地震前兆特征[J].科学通报,49(9):814—817.SHANGGUAN Zhi-guan.1995.Earthquake precursor character on total quantity parameter of geothermal fluid disoluted carbon dioxide[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,49(9):814—817(in Chinese).
汪一鹏,马瑾,李传友,等.2007.南北地震带强震迁移特征及其与南亚地震带的联系[J].地震地质,29(1):1—14.WANG Yi-peng,MA Jin,LI Chuan-you,et al.2007.The migration characteristics of strong earthquake on the north-south seismic belt and its relation with the south Asia seismic belt[J].Seismology and Geology,29(1):1—14(in Chinese).
王广才,张作辰,汪民,等.2003.延怀盆地地下热水与稀有气体的地球化学特征[J].地震地质,25(3):421—429.WANG Guang-cai,ZHANG Zuo-chen,WANG Min,et al.2003.Geochemistry of geothermal water and noble gases in Yanhuai Basin,China[J].Seismology and Geology,25(3):421—429(in Chinese).
徐纪人,赵志新.2006.青藏高原及其周围地区区域应力场与构造运动特征[J].中国地质,33(2):275—285.XU Ji-ren,ZHAO Zhi-xin.2006.Characteristics of the regional stress field and tectonic movement on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and in its surrounding areas[J].Geology in China,33(2):275—285(in Chinese).
杨国华,杨博,张凤双,等.2008.汶川地震对华北地区水平形变场影响及有关含义的讨论[J].地震,29(1):1—14.YANG Guo-hua,YANG Bo,ZHANG Feng-shuang,et al.2008.Influence of Wenchuan earthquake on the horizontal de-formation field in North China and its implication[J].Earthquake,29(1):1—14(in Chinese).
张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008.汶川8.0级地震发震的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,51(4):1066—1073.ZHANG Pei-zhen,XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,et al.2008.Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the Longmenshan active fault zone,and tectonic implications for mechanism of the May12Wenchuan earthquake,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(4):1066—1073(in Chinese).
张勇,许力生,陈运泰.2008年汶川大地震震源机制的时空变化[J].地球物理学报,52(2):379—389.ZHANG Yong,XU Li-sheng,CHEN Yun-tai.2008.Rupture process of the2008great Wenchuan earthquake from the analysis of the Alaskaarray data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(2):379—389(in Chinese).
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