山西霍山山脉河流地貌定量参数及其构造意义
详细信息 本馆镜像全文    |  推荐本文 | | 获取馆网全文
摘要
河流地貌形态定量研究是了解构造活动与地表过程耦合作用的重要途径之一。霍山山脉位于山西地堑系中部,介于临汾盆地和太原盆地之间,以发育霍山山前断裂带和1303年洪洞M_S8级地震而著名,通过分析跨断裂带及周边的48条河流的纵剖面形态、SL参数、Hack剖面、面积高程积分曲线以及HI值等,得到以下认识:1)跨断裂带的河流,其纵剖面在断层两侧的形态具明显差异,反映其受断层活动控制,而其他河流,除极少部分在上游存在局部陡变外,纵剖面为近似下凹的指数曲线形态显示近均衡状态;2)河流的HI值及积分曲线显示了霍山地区新生代以来整体处于强抬升弱侵蚀状态,即所有河流均处于壮年或幼年期;3)48条河流一致上凸的Hack剖面也表明霍山地区新生代以来处于强烈的构造抬升阶段,跨断裂带的Hack剖面形态以陡变下降而区别与其他河流的近似圆弧形;4)跨断裂带河流的SL/K参数在断层附近出现异常高值,反映了SL/K参数与断层垂直差异运动的相关性,周边其他河流的SL/K参数反映了没有差异运动的准均衡状态,局部的异常高值可能对应不同基岩的抗风化能力差异。河流地貌定量参数与构造环境存在显著的相关性,河流地貌定量参数特征揭示霍山山前断裂带在新生代以来的强烈垂向运动特征。
The quantitative study of river geomorphology is very important to understand the interaction between tectonic and surface processes.Mts.Huoshan,located in the middle of the Shanxi graben system,between Linfen basin and Taiyuan basin,has uplifted to 1500m because of the normal faulting of the Huoshan Piedmont Fault Zone(HPFZ) on the west foot slope of the mountains,is also famous for happened the 1303 Ms8.0 earthquake.Our studies on a series of quantitative fluvial geomorphic parameters,such as longitudinal profile style,stream length-gradient index(SL index),standard stream length-gradient index(SL/K index),Hack profile,hypsometric integral curves and its values(HI),etc.of selected 48 rivers around the Mts.Huoshan,across and not across the HPFZ,allow us to summarize the following general points:(1)To the rivers across the HPFZ,the longitudinal profiles of upstream and downstream,divided by the fault,show significantly different from each other,demonstrating obvious characteristics controlled by fault activity,to the other ones,the longitudinal profiles performance an approximate exponential curve,showing a near-equilibrium.(2)The HI values and Hypsometric integrate curves of all river basins indicate that all the rivers are in the prime of life or childhood,that is,Mts.Huoshan is in the state of strong uplift and weak erosion overall in Cenozoic era.(3)Convex Hack profiles of all rivers also shows that Mts.Huoshan is in the stage of intense tectonic uplift in the Cenozoic,while Hack profile of rivers across the HPFZ with sudden decreased change shape unlike the approximate arc-shaped of the other ones.(4)The river segments with abnormally high SL/K values are usually corresponded to the normal faulting,while random appearance of high SL/K values on the other rivers corresponds to the bedrock with weathering differences.There is a significant correlation between quantitative river geomorphic parameters and tectonic environment,these parameters of rivers across HPFZ shows the normal faulting of the Huoshan piedmont fault zone during Cenozoic.
引文
1 Font M,Amorese D,Lagarde J L.DEM and GIS analysis of the stream gradient index to evaluate effects of tectonics:The Normandy intraplate area(NW France).Geomorphology,2010,119(3):172-180
    2 Troiani F,Delia Seta M.The use of the stream length-gradient index in morphotectonic analysis of small catchments:A case study from Central Italy.Geomorphology,2008,102(1):159-168
    3 Hack J T.Stream-profile analysis and stream-gradient index.Journal of Research of the US Geological Survey,1973,1(4):421-429
    4 Strahler A N.Hypsometric(area-altitude)analysis of erosional topography.Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,1952,63(11):1117-1142
    5 Brookfield M E.The evolution of the great river systems of Southern Asia during the Cenozoic India-Asia collision:Rivers draining southwards.Geomorphology,1998:22(3-4):285-312
    6 Chen Yan-chieh,Sung Quo-chen,Cheng Kuang-yu.Along strike variations of morphotectonic features in the western foothills of Taiwan:Tectonic implications based on stream-gradient and hypsometric analysis.Geomorphology,2003,22(1/2):109-137
    7 Burbank D W,Anderson R S.Tectonic Geomorphology.Oxford:Blackwell Science,2001.1-154
    8 Carretier S,Niviere B,Giamboni M et al.Do river profiles record along-stream variations of low uplift rate.Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111:F2024
    9 Metritis D,Bull W B.Interpreting Quaternary uplift rates at the Mendocino triple junction,northern California,from uplifted marine terraces.Geology,1989,17(11):1020-1024
    10 Seeber L,Gomitz V.River profiles along the Himalayan arc as indicators of active tectonics.Tectonophysics,1983,92(4):335-367
    11赵洪壮,李有利,杨景春.北天山流域与Hack剖面的新构造意义.北京大学学报:自然科学版,2009,46(2):237-244Zhao Hongzhuang,Li Youli,Yang Jingchun.Implication of active structure along the northern Tianshan by stream length-gradient index and Hack profile.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2009,46(2):237-244
    12曹凯,王国灿,王岸.东昆仑山昆仑河纵剖面形貌分析及构造涵义.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2007,32(5):713-721Cao Kai,Wang Guocan,Wang An.The analysis of the tectonics and the behavior of the longitudinal section of Kunlun River in east Kunlun.Earth Science——Journal of China University of Geosciences,2007,32(5):713-721
    13吉亚鹏,高红山,潘保田等.渭河上游流域河长坡降指标SL参数与Hack剖面的新构造意义.兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2011,47(4):1-6Ji Yapeng,Gao Hongshan,Pan Baotian et al.Implication of active structure in the upper reaches of Weihe River basin from stream length-gradient index(SL index)and Hack profile.Lanzhou University(Natural Science),2011,47(4):1-6
    14闫冬冬,吕胜华,赵洪壮等.六棱山北麓中段冲沟地貌发育的定量研究及其新构造意义.地理科学,2011,32(2):244-250Yan Dongdong,LU Shenghua,Zhao Hongzhuang et al.Geomorphic analysis and its implication to neotectoincs in middle of northern front of Liulengshan Mountain,northern Shanxi.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011,32(2):244-250
    15邓起东,王克鲁,汪一鹏等.山西隆起区断陷地震带地震地质条件及地震发展趋势概述.地质科学,1973,(1):37-47Deng Qidong,Wang Kelu,Wang Yipeng et al.On the tendency of seismicity and the geological set up of the seismic belt of Shanxi graben.Chinese Journal of Geology,1973,(1):37-47
    16邓起东,程绍平,闵伟等.鄂尔多斯块体新生代构造活动和动力学的讨论.地质力学学报,1999,5(3):13-21Deng Qidong,Cheng Shaoping,Min Wei et al.Discussion on Cenozoic tectonics and dynamics of Ordos Block.Journal of Geomechanics,1999,5(3):13-21
    17 Zhang Y Q,Mercier J L,Vergely P.Extension in the graben systems around the Ordos(China),and its contribution to the extrusion tectonics of South China with respect to Gobi-Mongolia.Tectonophysics,1998,285(1-2).41-75
    18国家地震局.鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系.北京:地震出版社,1988.1-328State Seismological Bureau.Active Faults around the Ordos.Beijing:Seismological Press,1988.1-328
    19马宗晋(主编).山西临汾地震研究与系统减灾.北京:地震出版社,1993.1-485Ma Zongjin.Research on Earthquake and Systematic Hazard Reducing in Linfen City,Shanxi Province.Beijing:Seismological Press,1993.1-485
    20王乃探,杨景春,夏正楷等.山西地堑系新生代沉积与构造地貌.北京:科学出版社,1996.1-392Wang Nailiang,Yang Jingchun,Xia Zhengkai et al.Cenozoic Deposit and Tectonic Geomorphology along the Shanxi Graben System.Beijing:China Science Press,1996.1-392
    21程绍平,邓起东,闵伟等.黄河晋陕峡谷河流阶地和鄂尔多斯高原第四纪构造活动.第四纪研究,1998,(3):238-248Cheng Shaoping,Deng Qidong,Min Wei et al.Yellow River and Quaternary tectonic movements of the Ordos Plateau.Quaternary Sciences,1998,(3):238-248
    22邓起东,冉勇康,杨晓平等.中国活动构造图(1:4,000,000).北京:地震出版社,2007Deng Qidong,Ran Yongkang,Yang Xiaoping et al.China Active Faults Map(l:4,000,000).Beijing:Seismological Press,2007
    23张会平,杨农,张岳桥等.岷江水系流域地貌特征及其构造指示意义.第四纪研究,2006,26(1):126-135Zhang Huiping,Yang Nong,Zhang Yueqiao et al.Geomorphology of the Minjiang drainage system(Sichuan,China)and its structural implications.Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(1):126-135
    24李海龙,张岳桥,李建华.青藏高原东缘南北向河流系统及其伴生古堰塞湖研究.第四纪研究,2010,30(4):812-824Li Hailong,Zhang Yueqiao,Li Jianhua.Meridional river systems and ancient dammed lakes on the east margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(4):812-824
    25赵洪壮,李有利,杨景春等.面积高度积分的面积依赖与空间分布特征.地理研究,2010,29(2):271-282Zhao Hongzhuang,Li Youli,Yang Jingchun et al.Influence of area and space dependence for hypsometric integral and its geological implications.Geographical Research,2010,29(2);271-282
    26朱照宇.黄河中游河流阶地的形成与水系演化.地理学报,1989,44(4):429-440Zhu Zhaoyu.The formation of river terraces and evolution of drainage system in the middle Yellow River.Acta Geographica Sinica,1989,44(4):429-440
    27 Lin Aiming,Yang Zhenyu,Sun Zhiming et al.How and when did the Yellow River develop its square bend?Geology,2001,29(10):951-954
    28岳乐平,雷祥义,屈红军.黄河中游水系的阶地发育时代.地质论评,1997,43(2):186-192Yue Leping,Lei Xiangyi,Qu Hongjun.The age of terrace development in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.Geological Review,1997,43(2):186-192
    29 Hu Zhenbo,Pan Baotian,Wang Junping et al.Fluvial terrace formation in the eastern Fenwei basin,China,during the past 1.2Ma as a combined archive of tectonics and climate change.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,60(2):235-245
    30李勇,Densmore A L,周荣军等.青藏高原东缘数字高程剖面及其对晚新生代河流下切深度和下切速率的约束.第四纪研究,2006,26(2):236-243Li Yong.Densmore A L,Zhou Rongjun et al.Profiles of digital elevation models(DEM)crossing the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and their constraints on dissection depths and incision rates of Late Cenozoic rivers.Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(2):236-243
    31施炜.黄河中游晋陕峡谷的DEM流域特征分析及其新构造意义.第四纪研究,2008,28(2):288-299Shi Wei.DEM drainage analysis of the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge in the middle reaches of the Huanghe River and its neotectonic implications.Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(2);288-299
    32殷志强,程国明,李小林等.中更新世早中期以来黄河上游与三峡库区滑坡形成机理与气候变化关系研究.第四纪研究,2010,30(1):37-45Yin Zhiqiang,Cheng Guoming,Li Xiaolin et al.Relationships between landslide forming mechanisms and climate changes since early raid-Pleistocene in the upper Yellow River and the Three Gorges Reservoir area.Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(1):37-45
    33李利波,徐刚,胡健民等.基于DEM渭河上游流域的活动构造量化分析.第四纪研究,2012,32(5):866-879Li Libo,Xu Gang,Hu Jianmin et al.Quantitative analysis of relative active tectonics of the upstream region of Weihe River based on DEM.Quaternary Sciences,2012,32(5):866-879
    34马保起,李德文,郭文生.晚更新世晚期呼包盆地环境演化与地貌响应.第四纪研究,2004,24(6):630-637Ma Baoqi,Li Dewen,Guo Wensheng.Geomorphological response to environmental changes during the late stage of the Late Pleistocene in Hubao basin.Quaternary Sciences,2004,24(6):630-637
    35赵越,黎敦明,刘健等.构造地貌——认识高原历史的钥匙.地质通报,2008,27(12):1961-1967Zhao Yue,Li Dunming,Liu Jian et al.Tectonic geomorphology:A key to understanding of the history of the plateau.Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(12):1961-1967
    36张会平,张培震,吴庆龙等.循化-贵德地区黄河水系河流纵剖面形态特征及其构造意义.第四纪研究,2008,28(2):299-309Zhang Huiping,Zhang Peizhen,Wu Qinglong et al.Characteristics of the Huanghe River longitudinal profiles around Xunhua-Guide area(NE Tibet)and their tectonic significance.Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(2):299-309
    37王林,何仲太,马保起.岱海流域地貌演化及其对断裂活动性的指示意义.第四纪研究,2008,28(2):310-318Wang Lin,He Zhongtai,Ma Baoqi.Geomorphic evolution and its implication for the fault activity in the Daihai drainage basin.Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(2):310-318
    38文力,刘静,Oakin M等.活动构造对高原边界侵蚀速率空间分布的控制作用——以龙门山地区为例.第四纪研究,2012,32(5):968-985Wen Li,Liu Jing,Oskin M et al.Pattern of modern denudation in the Longmen Shan eastern Tibetan Plateau:Tectonic controls on focused erosion along the plateau margin.Quaternary Sciences,2012,32(5):968-985
    39李有利,司苏沛,吕胜华等.构造运动和气候变化对天山北麓奎屯河阶地发育的影响作用.第四纪研究,2012,32(5):880-890Li Youli,Si Supei,Lti Shenghua et al.Tectonic and climatic controls on the development of the Kuitun River terraces in the northern piedmont of Tianshan Mountains.Quaternary Sciences,2012,32(5):880-890
    40 Hu Xiaomeng,Li Youli,Yang JiQgchun.Quaternary paleolake development in the Fen River basin.North China.Geomorphology,2005,65(1-2):1-13
    41胡小猛,陈美君,王杜涛等.汾渭地堑系列湖盆第四纪中晚期地貌与沉积阶段性演化的时间序次差异及其构造指示意义.第四纪研究,2012,32(5):849-858Hu Xiaomeng,Chen Meijun,Wang Dutao et al.The sequence difference in the times in the geomorphic-sedimentary evolution in the Fenwei graben basins during the Middle-Late Quaternary and its tectonic significance.Quaternary Sciences,2012,32(5);849-85842胡小猛,卢海龙,吴冰等.山西地堑湖盆湖退-湖侵的地貌沉积响应及其构造指示意义.第四纪研究,2011,31(6):1067-1076Hu Xiaomeng,Lu Hailong,Wu Bing et al.Morpho-sedimentary responses to the regression-transgression of the paleolakes associated with the tectonics in the Shanxi graben basins.Quaternary Sciences,2011,31(6):1067-1076
    43张珂.河流的竞争——以汾河与晋陕黄河形成演化为例.第四纪研究,2012,32(5):859-865Zhang Ke.Fluvial competition:Exemplified by formation and evolution of the Fen River and Jinshan Yellow River.Quaternary Sciences,2012,32(5):859-865
    44潘保田,胡振波,胡小飞等.晋陕峡谷北段晚新生代河流演化初步研究.第四纪研究,2012,32(1):111-121Pan Baotian,Hu Zhenbo,Hu Xiaofei et al.Time-slice of the fluvial evolution in the northern Jinshaan Gorge during Late Cenozoic.Quaternary Sciences,2012,32(1);111-121
    45 Zhang Jiafu,Qiu Weili,Wang Xiaoqing et al.Optical dating of a hyperconcentrated flow deposit on a Yellow River terrace in Hukou,Shaanxi,China.Quaternary Geochronology,2010,5(2-3):194-199
    46李容全,邱维理,张亚立等.对黄土高原的新认识.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,41(4):431-436Li Rongquan,Qiu Weili,Zhang Yali et al.New understanding of the Loess Plateau.Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2005,41(4)-431-436
    47张会平,张培震,樊祺诚.河流裂点的发育及其溯源迁移:以鸭绿江-望天鹅火山区为例.中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(11):1627-1635Zhang Huiping,Zhang Peizhen,Fan Qicheng.Initiation and recession of the fluvial knickpoints:A case study from the Yalu River-Wangtian'e volcanic region,Northeastern China.Science China:Earth Sciences,2011,54(11):1746-1753
    48李新坡,莫多闻,朱忠礼.侯马盆地冲积扇及其流域地貌发育规律.地理学报,2006,61(3):241-248Li Xinpo,Mo Duowen,Zhu Zhongli.Developments of alluvial fans and their catchments in Houma basin.Acta Geographica Sinica,2006,61(3):241-248
    49毕丽思,何宏林,魏占玉等.利用分形参数进行地貌定量分区研究——以鄂尔多斯块体及周边为例.第四纪研究,2011,31(1):137-149Bi Lisi,He Honglin,Wei Zhanyu et al.Study on the geomorphologic zonation by fractal parameters——A case study of Ordos block and its surrounding areas.Quaternary Sciences,2011,31(1):137-149
    50毕丽思,何宏林,徐岳仁等.基于高分辨率DEM的裂点序列提取和古地震序列的识别——以霍山山前断裂为实验区.地震地质,2011,33(4):963-977Bi Lisi,He Honglin,Xu Yueren et al.The extraction of knickpoint series based on the high resoulution DEM data and the identification of paleo-earthquake series;A case study of the Huoshan Mts.piedmont fault.Seismology and Geology,2011,33(4):963-977
    51孙昌斌,谢新生,江娃利.河流冲沟裂点展布对全新世断层活动事件的响应——以山西交城断裂为例.地震地质,2012,34(2):254-268Sun Changbin,Xie Xinsheng,Jiang Wali.Distribution of the knickpoints in fluvial gullies in response to the events of Holocene fault activity:A case study of the Jiaocheng fault in Shanxi.Seismology and Geology,2012,34(2):254-268
    52徐锡伟,邓起东.山西霍山山前断裂晚第四纪活动特征和1303年洪洞8级地震.地震地质,1990,12(1):21-30Xu Xiwei,Deng Qidong.The features of Late Quaternary activity of the piedmont fault of Mt.Huoshan,Shanxi Province and 1303Hongdong earthquake(M_S=8).Seismology and Geology,1990,12(1):21-30
    53谢新生,江娃利,王焕贞等.山西太谷断裂带全新世活动及其与1303年洪洞8级地震的关系.地震学报,2004,26(3):281-293Xie Xinsheng,Jiang Wali,Wang Huanzhen et al.Holocene activities of the Taigu fault zone,Shanxi Province,in relation to the 1303Hongdong M=8 earthquake.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(3):281-293
    54徐岳仁,申旭辉,何宏林等.CBERS-02B数据在霍山山前活动断裂带1:5万填图中的应用.中国科学:信息科学,2011,41(增):202-212Xu Yueren,Shen Xuhui,He Honglin et al.Application of CBERS-02B Satellite Images to Mt.Huoshan piedmont active fault mapping(1:50,000 scale).Science China:Information Sciences,2011,41(Suppl.):202-212
    55徐岳仁,何宏林,邓起东等.霍山山前断裂带晚第四纪构造运动的地貌响应.岩石学报,2013,29(8),出版中Xu Yueren,He Honglin,Deng Qidong et al.Geomorphological response to tectonic movement on the Huoshan piedmont fault zone on Late Quaternary.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2013,29(8),in press
    56 Sun Jimin.Long-term fluvial archives in the Fen Wei graben,Central China,and their bearing on the tectonic history of the India-Asia collision system during the Quaternary.Quaternary Science Reviews,2005,24(10-11):1279-1286
    57孙继敏,许立亮.汾渭地堑的河流阶地对第四纪时期印度-欧亚板块碰撞带的构造响应.第四纪研究,2007,27(1):20-26Sun Jimin,Xu Liliang.River terraces in the Fenwei graben,Central China,and the relation with the tectonic history of the India-Asia collision system during the Quaternary.Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(1):20-26
    58宋美琴,郑勇,葛粲等.山西地震带中小震精确位置及其显示的山西地震构造特征.地球物理学报,2012,55(2):513-525Song Meiqin,Zheng Yong,Ge Can et al.Relocation of small to moderate earthquakes in Shanxi Province and its relation to the seismogenic structures.Chinese Journal Geophysics,2012,55(2):513-525
    59 Hirano A,Welch R,Lang H.Mapping from ASTER stereo image data:DEM validation and accuracy assessment.ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2003,57(5):356-370

版权所有:© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心